scholarly journals State of FAIRness in ESFRI Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wittenburg ◽  
Franciska de Jong ◽  
Dieter van Uytvanck ◽  
Massimo Cocco ◽  
Keith Jeffery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Wide Acceptance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Distributed Infrastructure

Since 2009 initiatives that were selected for the roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures started working to build research infrastructures for a wide range of research disciplines. An important result of the strategic discussions was that distributed infrastructure scenarios were now seen as “complex research facilities” in addition to, for example traditional centralised infrastructures such as CERN. In this paper we look at five typical examples of such distributed infrastructures where many researchers working in different centres are contributing data, tools/services and knowledge and where the major task of the research infrastructure initiative is to create a virtually integrated suite of resources allowing researchers to carry out state-of-the-art research. Careful analysis shows that most of these research infrastructures worked on the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability dimensions before the term “FAIR” was actually coined. The definition of the FAIR principles and their wide acceptance can be seen as a confirmation of what these initiatives were doing and it gives new impulse to close still existing gaps. These initiatives also seem to be ready to take up the next steps which will emerge from the definition of FAIR maturity indicators. Experts from these infrastructures should bring in their 10-years' experience in this definition process.

The New Dynamics of Ageing Volume 1

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
New Science ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Active And Healthy Ageing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Art Research

This is the first of two volumes arising from the ground-breaking New Dynamics of Ageing Research Programme. While the Programme produced many scientific papers and several project-based books this is the only place where most of the projects are represented in specially commissioned chapters that not only report the key findings of each piece of research but also place those findings in a wider context. This volume covers a wide range of state-of-the-art research on ageing, with a specific focus on active and healthy ageing, design for ageing and global issues. Each chapter contains a summary of key findings. This book follows directly from the multi-disciplinary first volume in the Policy Press NDA Series, The New Science of Ageing.

scholarly journals A Design for Addressing Multiple Ecosystem Services in Forest Management Planning

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Emin Zeki Baskent ◽  
José Guilherme Borges ◽  
Jan Kašpar ◽  
Meryem Tahri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Management ◽  
Art Research

Forest policy and decision-makers are challenged by the need to balance the increasing demand for multiple ecosystem services while addressing the impacts of natural disturbances (e.g., wildfires, droughts, wind, insect attacks) and global change scenarios (e.g., climate change) on its potential supply. This challenge motivates the development of a framework for incorporating concerns with a wide range of ecosystem services in multiple criteria management planning contexts. Thus, the paper focused on both the analysis of the current state-of-the art research in forest management planning and the development of a conceptual framework to accommodate various components in a forest management process. On the basis of a thorough recent classification of forest management planning problems and the state-of-the-art research, we defined the key dimensions of the framework and the process. The emphasis was on helping to identify how concerns with a wide range of ecosystem services may be analyzed and better understood by forest ecosystem management planning. This research discusses the potential of contemporary management planning approaches to address multiple forest ecosystem services. It highlights the need for a multi-level perspective and appropriate spatial resolution to integrate multiple ecosystem services. It discusses the importance of methods and tools that may help support stakeholders’ involvement and public participation in hierarchical planning processes. The research addresses the need of methods and tools that may encapsulate the ecological, economic, and social complexity of forest ecosystem management to provide an efficient plan, information about tradeoffs between ecosystem services, and the sensitivity of the plan to uncertain parameters (e.g., prices, climate change) on time.

The Cambridge Handbook of Phonetics

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Global Perspectives ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Art Research

Phonetics - the study and classification of speech sounds - is a major sub-discipline of linguistics. Bringing together a team of internationally renowned phoneticians, this handbook provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent, cutting-edge work in the field, and focuses on the most widely-debated contemporary issues. Chapters are divided into five thematic areas: segmental production, prosodic production, measuring speech, audition and perception, and applications of phonetics. Each chapter presents an historical overview of the area, along with critical issues, current research and advice on the best practice for teaching phonetics to undergraduates. It brings together global perspectives, and includes examples from a wide range of languages, allowing readers to extend their knowledge beyond English. By providing both state-of-the-art research information, and an appreciation of how it can be shared with students, this handbook is essential both for academic phoneticians, and anyone with an interest in this exciting, rapidly developing field.

scholarly journals Glycosynthesis in a waterworld: new insight into the molecular basis of transglycosylation in retaining glycoside hydrolases

2015 ◽  
Vol 467 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastien Bissaro ◽  
Pierre Monsan ◽  
Régis Fauré ◽  
Michael J. O’Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Basis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Substrate Specificities ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Hydrolytic Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Insight Into

Carbohydrates are ubiquitous in Nature and play vital roles in many biological systems. Therefore the synthesis of carbohydrate-based compounds is of considerable interest for both research and commercial purposes. However, carbohydrates are challenging, due to the large number of sugar subunits and the multiple ways in which these can be linked together. Therefore, to tackle the challenge of glycosynthesis, chemists are increasingly turning their attention towards enzymes, which are exquisitely adapted to the intricacy of these biomolecules. In Nature, glycosidic linkages are mainly synthesized by Leloir glycosyltransferases, but can result from the action of non-Leloir transglycosylases or phosphorylases. Advantageously for chemists, non-Leloir transglycosylases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that are readily available and exhibit a wide range of substrate specificities. Nevertheless, non-Leloir transglycosylases are unusual glycoside hydrolases in as much that they efficiently catalyse the formation of glycosidic bonds, whereas most glycoside hydrolases favour the mechanistically related hydrolysis reaction. Unfortunately, because non-Leloir transglycosylases are almost indistinguishable from their hydrolytic counterparts, it is unclear how these enzymes overcome the ubiquity of water, thus avoiding the hydrolytic reaction. Without this knowledge, it is impossible to rationally design non-Leloir transglycosylases using the vast diversity of glycoside hydrolases as protein templates. In this critical review, a careful analysis of literature data describing non-Leloir transglycosylases and their relationship to glycoside hydrolase counterparts is used to clarify the state of the art knowledge and to establish a new rational basis for the engineering of glycoside hydrolases.

The New Dynamics of Ageing Volume 2

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ageing Research ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Book Covers ◽  
Art Research

This is the second volume arising from the ground-breaking New Dynamics of Ageing Research Programme. While the Programme produced many scientific papers and several project-based books this (and its companion volume) is the only place where most of the projects are represented in specially commissioned chapters. Each of these reports the key findings from each research project and places them in a wider context. Each chapter also contains a summary of key findings. Like its predecessor this book covers a wide range of state-of-the-art research on ageing, with a specific focus on autonomy and independence, the biology of ageing, nutrition in later life and representations of ageing.

Nivation and cryoplanation: the case for scrutiny and integration

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin E. Thorn ◽  
Kevin Hall
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Seasonal Snow ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Landform Development ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Available Information

Nivation and cryoplanation are deeply entrenched and widely invoked morphogenetic concepts within periglacial geomorphology. However, given their complexity and purported significance in landform development, neither has received the scientific scrutiny merited. Nivation is generally associated with the weathering and mass movement processes stemming from late-lying seasonal snow and the ensuing landforms. As a process suite it invokes mechanisms such as freeze-thaw weathering and solifluction. Cryoplanation also invokes a process suite, but one that also embraces nivation. Research in the last two or three decades has begun to provide a much sharper definition of nivation, but the available information is still inadequate for a central mechanism in periglacial landscapes. Cryoplanation is used to explain some benches, terraces and pediments that appear to be widespread in some periglacial environments: however, substantive field research on the mechanisms involved is all but absent. A case is presented for viewing nivation and cryoplanation as a single process spectrum much in need of state-of-the-art research.

Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-753
Author(s):  
Laura Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
New York ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Original Concept

Generating Social Capital: Civil Society and Institutions in Comparative Perspective, Marc Hooghe and Dietlind Stolle, eds., New York and Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003, pp. 256The concept of “social capital” has become a popular buzzword. Like other authors, the contributors to this volume draw on Robert Putnam's well-known definition of social capital as “generalized trust, norms of reciprocity and networks” among individuals (2). Social capital is credited with providing a wide range of social benefits, including tolerance of diversity, economic growth, lower crime rates, better health and more responsive government. The grandiose claims made on behalf of social capital and the large amounts of money being poured into developing social capital in diverse social settings, as well as the fuzziness of the original concept, mean that careful analysis of the idea of social capital is badly needed.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

Music after the Fall

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Rutherford-Johnson
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Contemporary Music ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Sound Art ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

By the start of the 21st century many of the foundations of postwar culture had disappeared: Europe had been rebuilt and, as the EU, had become one of the world’s largest economies; the United States’ claim to global dominance was threatened; and the postwar social democratic consensus was being replaced by market-led neoliberalism. Most importantly of all, the Cold War was over, and the World Wide Web had been born. Music After The Fall considers contemporary musical composition against this changed backdrop, placing it in the context of globalization, digitization, and new media. Drawing on theories from the other arts, in particular art and architecture, it expands the definition of Western art music to include forms of composition, experimental music, sound art, and crossover work from across the spectrum, inside and beyond the concert hall. Each chapter considers a wide range of composers, performers, works, and institutions are considered critically to build up a broad and rich picture of the new music ecosystem, from North American string quartets to Lebanese improvisers, from South American electroacoustic studios to pianos in the Australian outback. A new approach to the study of contemporary music is developed that relies less on taxonomies of style and technique, and more on the comparison of different responses to common themes, among them permission, fluidity, excess, and loss.

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