Formulating the Design Scope for the Base of the (Economic) Pyramid

Despite increased academic and media interest in the continent and the intensity of the sociopolitical and administrative changes that have occurred in the past twenty-five years, analyses published in the press and by scholars are generally incomplete. Beyond the traditional dispute between “universalists” (theorists of a general model of liberal democracy to which all countries are expected to conform) and “relativists” (advocates of the sovereignty of individual cultural identities), the real problem lies in the inability of social scientists to develop a comparative method that is at once valid and acceptable to all. Rejecting the purely normative approach to political ethics that dominates the debate on democracy, this chapter uses an economic approach to advance a comparative theory of the notion of political well-being. It proposes a measurement index whose different components take into account both the viewpoint of universalists on human rights and the perspective of relativists on political utility.

Download Full-text

The case for reinvigorating quality of working life research

Human Relations ◽

10.1177/0018726716654746 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 149-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Gudela Grote ◽

David Guest

Keyword(s):

Working Life ◽

Well Being ◽

Policy Advocacy ◽

Social Scientists ◽

Quality Of Working Life ◽

Normative Approach ◽

1960S And 1970S ◽

The 1960S

The quality of working life became an important topic in the 1960s and 1970s, helping to stimulate an early approach to evidence-based policy advocacy drawing on interdisciplinary research by social scientists. Over the years it fell out of the limelight but much relevant, albeit fragmented, research has continued. We present a case for rekindling an integrated and normative approach to quality of working life research as one means of promoting workers’ well-being and emancipation. We outline an updated classification of the characteristics of quality of working life and a related analytic framework. We illustrate how research and practice will benefit from following this renewed quality of working life framework, using work design as an example. Concluding, we aim to stimulate debate on the necessity and benefits of rebuilding a quality of working life agenda for marrying academic rigour and practical relevance in order to support interventions aimed at fostering worker emancipation and well-being.

Download Full-text

The Weight-Inclusive versus Weight-Normative Approach to Health: Evaluating the Evidence for Prioritizing Well-Being over Weight Loss

Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1155/2014/983495 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Tracy L. Tylka ◽

Rachel A. Annunziato ◽

Deb Burgard ◽

Sigrún Daníelsdóttir ◽

Ellen Shuman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Well Being ◽

Weight Stigma ◽

Normative Approach ◽

Adverse Health ◽

Health At Every Size ◽

Inclusive Approach ◽

Weight Loss Interventions ◽

Health And Well Being

Using an ethical lens, this review evaluates two methods of working within patient care and public health: theweight-normative approach(emphasis on weight and weight loss when defining health and well-being) and theweight-inclusive approach(emphasis on viewing health and well-being as multifaceted while directing efforts toward improving health access and reducing weight stigma). Data reveal that the weight-normative approach is not effective for most people because of high rates of weight regain and cycling from weight loss interventions, which are linked to adverse health and well-being. Its predominant focus on weight may also foster stigma in health care and society, and data show that weight stigma is also linked to adverse health and well-being. In contrast, data support a weight-inclusive approach, which is included in models such as Health at Every Size for improving physical (e.g., blood pressure), behavioral (e.g., binge eating), and psychological (e.g., depression) indices, as well as acceptability of public health messages. Therefore, the weight-inclusive approach upholds nonmaleficience and beneficience, whereas the weight-normative approach does not. We offer a theoretical framework that organizes the research included in this review and discuss how it can guide research efforts and help health professionals intervene with their patients and community.

Download Full-text

THE RECONSTRUCTION OF POLICY RELATED TO THE OPTIMISATION ON NATIONAL SOCIAL SECURITY PUBLIC MEMBERSHIP

Diponegoro Law Review ◽

10.14710/dilrev.5.2.2020.200-214 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 200-214

Author(s):

Nabitatus Sa'adah

Keyword(s):

Social Security ◽

Social Protection ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Well Being ◽

Legal Culture ◽

Analytic Description ◽

Normative Approach ◽

Legal Structure ◽

The Government ◽

Payment Arrears

One of the people’s needs in terms of effort to manifest the purpose of the state which is to establish national well-being is by providing social security. Social security is a form of social protection to meet citizens' basic needs. Associated with the implementation of national social security, the government obligates its citizens to participate in the program. However, the fact was there are still many citizens which are reluctantly participating in the program. It is leading to funding collection to be not optimal and affecting the implementation of social security. The research is adopting normative approach, which is stressed on the secondary data. The research specification is an analytic description with qualitative analysis. The national social security is a compulsory program for all of the Indonesian citizens particularly for the independent level, however, not all have joined it particularly self-referred participants. Several aspects causing this problematic program, such as the lack of people's awareness. The lack of people discipline toward the payment, ineffective sanctions and lack of service, are proved with the abundant number of payment arrears by independent participants. The reconstruction of optimization of National Social Security Program is managed with the improvement of legal substance, legal structure and legal culture.

Download Full-text

Understanding consumption choices of innovative products: an outlook on the Italian functional food market

AIMS Agriculture and Food ◽

10.3934/agrfood.2021050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 818-837

Author(s):

Bentivoglio Deborah ◽

◽

Margherita Rotordam ◽

Staffolani Giacomo ◽

Chiaraluce Giulia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Functional Characteristic ◽

Well Being ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Functional Product ◽

Innovative Products ◽

Other Substances ◽

Good Nutrition

<abstract> <p>Nowadays, the interest towards functional food has increased; however, several factors jeopardize their diffusion on the market. In fact, functional foods do not have either a specific regulatory framework or a statutory definition in Europe. A functional food with any nutrition and health claim related to vitamins, minerals, or other substances in their labeling have to meet only the specific requirements established by the Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. Consequently, these products are not uniquely recognizable and the perception of consumers towards them remains a confusing concept. In this scenario, this paper investigates knowledge and factors affecting consumers' consumption intention towards functional food in Italy. For this purpose, a survey was designed, and a logit model was used to explain motivators for the consumption of functional products. The result indicates that consumers are still confused about the concept of functional foods. An important motive for the consumption of functional food is the maintenance of good nutrition, health conditions as well as well-being. An additional factor in the success of functional products is the familiarity and the knowledge of the effects of a particular product on health conditions. The probability of the consumption of a functional product increases when the consumer associates the knows of the functional characteristic and the healthful properties with the consequences of their consumption. Results are useful to verify the opportunities for further expansion of these products on the Italian market.</p> </abstract>

Download Full-text

ELABORAÇÃO DE UM PRODUTO FUNCIONAL À BASE DE ABACATE E CACAU

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2020v35n4p627-639 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 627-639

Author(s):

Juliana Arruda Ramos ◽

Flávia Aparecida de Carvalho Mariano-Nasser ◽

Karina Aparecida Furlaneto ◽

Maurício Dominguez Nasser ◽

Rogério Lopes Vieites

Keyword(s):

Chemical Characterization ◽

Well Being ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Consumer Acceptance ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Instrumental Color ◽

The People ◽

Functional Product ◽

Sweetening Agents ◽

Sensory Tests

ELABORAÇÃO DE UM PRODUTO FUNCIONAL À BASE DE ABACATE E CACAU JULIANA ARRUDA RAMOS1, FLÁVIA APARECIDA DE CARVALHO MARIANO-NASSER1, KARINA APARECIDA FURLANETO1, MAURÍCIO DOMINGUEZ NASSER1, ROGÉRIO LOPES VIEITES1 1Departamento de Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Botucatu, SP. Av. Universitária, nº 3780 - Altos do Paraíso, 18610-034, Botucatu - SP, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected],. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. RESUMO: A crescente demanda social em conhecer as informações e composições dos alimentos tem impulsionado a inovação na elaboração de produtos funcionais, que além dos nutrientes como as vitaminas e minerais, possuem substâncias bioativas que melhoram o bem-estar das pessoas, modulando o sistema imunológico e prevenindo o surgimento precoce de doenças degenerativas, podendo, com isso, aumentar a longevidade. Dentro desses alimentos funcionais, destaca-se o abacate, fonte de fitoquímicos e o cacau, rico em polifenóis, que pode auxiliar na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e modular o metabolismo lipídico. Diante disso, objetivou-se elaborar e avaliar a aceitabilidade da pasta de abacate e cacau. Inicialmente foi realizada a caracterização físico-química, centesimal, da cor instrumental e dos compostos bioativos da polpa de abacate. Para a elaboração da pasta foram testados diferentes agentes de dulçor (mel, açúcar demerara e melado), a concentração mais adequada do agente escolhido (15%, 25% e 35%) e diferentes concentrações do cacau no produto (4,5%, 6,5% e 8,5%) verificando a aceitabilidade do produto através de testes sensoriais. E ao final foi calculada a informação nutricional da pasta de abacate e cacau. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias foram comparadas por meio do teste de Tukey com 5 % de significância. O açúcar demerara foi o produto escolhido pelos consumidores, assim como as concentrações de 25 % de açúcar e 8,5 % de cacau. A pasta é rica em fibras (1,30 g por porção), pobre em gorduras saturadas (0,19g por porção) e livre de sódio. Portanto, foi possível desenvolver pasta de abacate com boa aceitação dos consumidores. Palavras-chaves: Persea americana Mill., cacau, processamento, análise sensorial, irradiação. ELABORATION OF A FUNCTIONAL PRODUCT BASED ON AVOCADO ABSTRACT: The increasing social demand to know the information and compositions of foods has driven innovation in the elaboration of functional products, which besides nutrients like vitamins and minerals, have bioactive substances that improve the well-being of the people, modulating the immune system and preventing the early onset of degenerative diseases, which may increase longevity. Within these functional foods, we highlight the avocado, source of phytochemicals and cocoa, rich in polyphenols, which can help in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and modulate lipid metabolism. Because of this, the aim is to prepare and evaluate the acceptability of avocado and cacao paste. Initially the physical-chemical characterization, centesimal, of the instrumental color and bioactive compounds of the avocado pulp was carried out. Different sweetening agents (honey, demerara and molasses), the most appropriate concentration of the selected agent (15%, 25%, and 35%) and different concentrations of cocoa in the product (4.5%, 6.5% and 8.5%) verified the acceptability of the product through sensory tests. At the end, the nutritional information of the avocado and cacao paste was calculated. The design was completely randomized. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by means of the Tukey test with 5% significance. The Demerara sugar was the product chosen by the consumers, as well as the concentrations of 25% sugar and 8.5% cocoa. The paste is high in fiber, low in saturated fats and free of sodium. Therefore, it was possible to develop avocado paste with good consumer acceptance. Keywords: Persea americana Mill., cocoa, processing, sensory analysis, irradiation.

Download Full-text

Existence Value, Preference Satisfaction, and the Ethics of Species Extinction

Environmental Ethics ◽

10.5840/enviroethics201941215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 165-180

Author(s):

Espen Dyrnes Stabell ◽

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Individual Preference ◽

Well Being ◽

Prima Facie ◽

Species Extinction ◽

Existence Value ◽

Normative Approach ◽

Moral Importance ◽

The Individual ◽

Satisfaction Theory

Existence value refers to the value humans ascribe to the existence of something, regardless of whether it is or will be of any particular use to them. This existence value based on preference satisfaction should be taken into account in evaluating activities that come with a risk of species extinction. There are two main objections. The first is that on the preference satisfaction interpretation, the concept lacks moral importance because satisfying people’s preferences may involve no good or well-being for them. However, existence value can be based on a restricted version of the preference satisfaction theory, which is not vulnerable to the skeptical arguments about the link between preference satisfaction and well-being. The second objection is that even if preference satisfaction can be linked to well-being, understanding existence value in terms of individual preference satisfaction is incoherent, because existence value reflects disinterested preferences that involve no benefits to the individual. However, the fact that existence value may involve disinterested preferences does not threaten the coherence of the concept, but suggests that it does not fit smoothly into the “utilitarian” or “welfarist” framework it is commonly considered within. A pluralistic normative approach based on prima facie duties can be an alternative to standard utilitarian-style approaches for considering existence value in concrete cases involving a risk of species extinction, such as through deep sea mining.

Download Full-text

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2018_aja-18-0130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 274-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Elizabeth Convery ◽

Gitte Keidser ◽

Louise Hickson ◽

Carly Meyer

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Report ◽

Self Management ◽

Hearing Aid Benefit ◽

The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

Download Full-text

Inclusion of Transgender Voice and Communication Training in a University Clinic

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig10.109 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (10) ◽

pp. 109-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jennifer Oates ◽

Georgia Dacakis

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Clinical Education ◽

Well Being ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Communication Training ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Transgender People ◽

Language Pathology ◽

Effectiveness Of Training ◽

Negative Impacts

Because of the increasing number of transgender people requesting speech-language pathology services, because having gender-incongruent voice and communication has major negative impacts on an individual's social participation and well-being, and because voice and communication training is supported by an improving evidence-base, it is becoming more common for universities to include transgender-specific theoretical and clinical components in their speech-language pathology programs. This paper describes the theoretical and clinical education provided to speech-language pathology students at La Trobe University in Australia, with a particular focus on the voice and communication training program offered by the La Trobe Communication Clinic. Further research is required to determine the outcomes of the clinic's training program in terms of student confidence and competence as well as the effectiveness of training for transgender clients.

Download Full-text

Improving Feeding Outcomes in the NICU: Moving From Volume-Driven to Infant-Driven Feeding

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd19.3.68 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 68-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Catherine S. Shaker

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Dynamic Systems ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Well Being ◽

Dynamic Systems Theory ◽

Feeding Problems ◽

Care Giving ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Extremely Preterm Infants

Current research on feeding outcomes after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) suggests a need to critically look at the early underpinnings of persistent feeding problems in extremely preterm infants. Concepts of dynamic systems theory and sensitive care-giving are used to describe the specialized needs of this fragile population related to the emergence of safe and successful feeding and swallowing. Focusing on the infant as a co-regulatory partner and embracing a framework of an infant-driven, versus volume-driven, feeding approach are highlighted as best supporting the preterm infant's developmental strivings and long-term well-being.

Download Full-text