scholarly journals Fasting conditions: Influence of water intake on clinical chemistry analytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia F. Benozzi ◽  
Gisela Unger ◽  
Amparo Campion ◽  
Graciela L. Pennacchiotti
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Influence Of Water

scholarly journals The influence of water intake on waiting time prior to uroflowmetry: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-7
Author(s):  
Nur Rasyid ◽  
Donny E. Putra ◽  
Widi Atmoko ◽  
Adianti Khadijah ◽  
Dyandra Parikesit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mean Waiting Time ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Superiority Trial ◽  
Male Patients

Background: In uroflowmetry examination, patients are usually instructed to intake a large volume of water and wait until the bladder is full. The association between the volume of water intake and the waiting time before uroflowmetry is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the volume of water intake and the waiting time prior to uroflowmetry.Methods: This trial was designed as a randomized, researchers, caregivers and patients blinded, superiority trial with three parallel groups and primary endpoint of waiting time prior to the uroflowmetry study based on the volume of patients’ water intake. Randomization was performed by block randomization with a 1:1:1 allocation. Patients scheduled for uroflowmetry at the Urology Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were enrolled from March 2013 until December 2013. The eligibility criteria were male patients with ages above 50 years and body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2.Results: A total of 83 patients was randomly assigned into 3 study groups: 300 ml (28 patients), 400 ml (28 patients), and 500 ml (27 patients). All patients were included in final analysis. Mean waiting time were 85.1±59.8 min, 107.2±70.4 min, and 66±28.4 min for patients intake 300, 400, and 500 ml of water respectively (p=0.07). The final bladder volumes for three groups were statistically different (262.4±130.8 ml, 289.4±126.2 ml, 359.2±137 ml; p=0.02).Conclusion: The volume water intake of 300–500 ml did not affect waiting time before uroflowmetry. Increasing water intake at least 500 ml added the final bladder volume and shorter the waiting time.

Studies of the Toxicological Potential of Capsinoids: VIII. A 13-Week Toxicity Study of Commercial-Grade Dihydrocapsiate in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eri Watanabe ◽  
Terutaka Kodama ◽  
Takeshi Masuyama ◽  
Shoji Tsubuku ◽  
Akira Otabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Organ Weights

Dihydrocapsiate, (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate; CAS No. 205687-03-2) is a naturally occurring capsinoid compound found in nonpungent chili peppers. Although the safety of synthetically produced dihydrocapsiate has been previously evaluated, the purpose of this 13-week gavage toxicity study is to evaluate dihydrocapsiate produced with a slightly modified manufacturing process. Sprague-Dawley rats, 10 rats/sex/group, 6 weeks of age at study initiation, were administered the dihydrocapsiate daily by gavage at dose levels of 0 (vehicle), 100,300, or 1000 mg/kg/day. The rats were observed for antimortem and postmortem signs of toxicity, including changes in clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, water intake, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis), tissue findings (macroscopic and microscopic examination), as well as organ weights. There were no changes observed in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, water intake, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, or blood chemistry that were attributable to the administration of dihydrocapsiate. The only change observed attributable to the dihydrocapsiate administration involved the liver and that change occurred only at the high dose (1000 mg/kg). Both sexes had an increase in organ weights, but this increase correlated with a change in histopathology (i.e., hepatocyte hypertrophy) only in the males. No dihydrocapsiate-related histopathological changes were observed in males at doses ≤300 mg/kg or in females at any of the doses tested (≤1000 mg/kg). It was concluded that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of dihydrocapsiate was 300 mg/kg/day for male rats and 1000 mg/kg/day for female rats in this 13 week gavage study.

scholarly journals Influence of Water Temperature and Heat Stress on Drinking Water Intake in Dairy Cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valeria González Pereyra ◽  
Verónica Maldonado May ◽  
Carlos Guillermo Catracchia ◽  
María Alejandra Herrero ◽  
Myriam Celina Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Influence Of Water

scholarly journals Studies of the Toxicological Potential of Capsinoids XIV: A 26-week Gavage Toxicity Study of Dihydrocapsiate in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 27S-54S ◽  
Author(s):  
Terutaka Kodama ◽  
Takeshi Masuyama ◽  
Takashi Kayahara ◽  
Shoji Tsubuku ◽  
Takumi Ohishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Organ Weights

To further evaluate the safety of dihydrocapsiate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate, CAS No. 205687-03-2), a 26—week gavage toxicity study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats (20/sex/group). Test animals received either dihydrocapsiate, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day, or vehicle (medium-chain triglyceride) by gavage and were observed for antemortem and postmortem signs of toxicity including changes in clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, water intake, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis), tissue findings (macroscopic and microscopic examination), as well as organ weights. After the end of the dosing period, reversibility was assessed (10/sex/group for the control and 1000 mg/kg groups) following a 4-week recovery period. There were no adverse or toxicological changes observed in clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, water intake, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, organ weights, or histopathology. It was concluded that the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) of dihydrocapsiate was 1000 mg/kg/day for both sexes in this 26—week gavage study.

Studies of the Toxicological Potential of Capsinoids: VII. A 13-Week Toxicity Study of Dihydrocapsiate in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 79-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terutaka Kodama ◽  
Eri Watanabe ◽  
Shoji Tsubuku ◽  
Akira Otabe ◽  
Masahiro Mochizuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Test Article ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Toxicological Significance

To evaluate the safety of dihydrocapsiate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate; CAS No. 205687-03-2), a 13-week gavage toxicity study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats (10/sex/group). Test subjects received either dihydrocapsiate, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day, or vehicle by gavage and were observed for antemortem and postmortem signs of toxicity, which included changes in clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, water intake, ophthalmology, clinical pathology (clinical chemistry, hematology, urinalysis), tissue findings (macroscopic and microscopic examination), as well as organ weights. No changes attributable to the test article were observed in clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, water intake, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, or histopathology. A number of sporadic blood chemistry differences were observed at the high dose between treated and controls, but were not of toxicological significance and were not attributable to the test article. These included increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in males; increased total protein in males and females; increased calcium, percentage of albumin fraction, and A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio and decreased percentage of γ-globulin fraction in female rats. An effect, which was attributable to the test article, was increases in both absolute and relative liver weights in the high dose (both sexes). In the absence of histopathological changes attributable to the test article, the liver weight changes were considered adaptive (physiological) in nature and not of toxicological significance. It was concluded that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of dihydrocapsiate was 1000 mg/kg/day for both male and female rats in this 13-week gavage study.

Influence of water intake on the waiting time prior to gynecologic transabdominal ultrasound

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaya Titapant ◽  
Nisarat Phithakwatchara ◽  
Prakong Chuenwattana ◽  
Pornpen Tontisirin ◽  
Sommai Viboonchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Waiting Time ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Influence Of Water
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