scholarly journals Can Children With Perinatal Stroke Use a Simple Brain Computer Interface?

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeanna Jadavji ◽  
Jack Zhang ◽  
Brett Paffrath ◽  
Ephrem Zewdie ◽  
Adam Kirton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Perinatal Stroke ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Task Strategy ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
And Control

Background and Purpose: Perinatal stroke is the leading cause of hemiparetic cerebral palsy resulting in lifelong disability for millions of people worldwide. Options for motor rehabilitation are limited, especially for the most severely affected children. Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) sample brain activity to allow users to control external devices. Functional electrical stimulation enhances motor recovery after stroke, and BCI-activated functional electrical stimulation was recently shown to improve upper extremity function in adult stroke. We aimed to determine the ability of children with perinatal stroke to operate a simple BCI. Methods: Twenty-one children with magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed perinatal stroke (57% male, mean [SD] 13.5 [2.6] years, range 9–18) were compared with 24 typically developing controls (71% male, mean age [SD] 13.7 [3.7] years, range 6–18). Participants trained on a simple EEG-based BCI over 2 sessions (10 trials each) utilizing 2 different mental imagery strategies: (1) motor imagery (imagine opening and closing of hands) and (2) goal oriented (imagine effector object moving toward target) to complete 2 tasks: (1) drive a remote controlled car to a target and (2) move a computer cursor to a target. Primary outcome was Cohen Kappa with a score >0.40 suggesting BCI competence. Results: BCI performance was comparable between stroke and control participants. Mean scores were 0.39 (0.18) for stroke versus 0.42 (0.18) for controls (t[42]=0.478, P =0.94). No difference in performance between venous (M=0.45, SD=0.29) and arterial (M=0.34, SD=0.22) stroke (t[82]=1.89, P =0.090) was observed. No effect of task or strategy was observed in the stroke participants. Over 90% of stroke participants demonstrated competency on at least one of the 4 task-strategy combinations. Conclusions: Children with perinatal stroke can achieve proficiency in basic tasks using simple BCI systems. Future directions include exploration of BCI-functional electrical stimulation systems for rehabilitation for children with hemiparesis and other forms of cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Individualized Functional Electrical Stimulation-Induced Acute Changes during Walking: A Case Series in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4452
Author(s):  
Nicole Zahradka ◽  
Ahad Behboodi ◽  
Ashwini Sansare ◽  
Samuel C. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Physical Therapists ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Phase Detection ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Muscle Groups

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) walking interventions have demonstrated improvements to gait parameters; however, studies were often confined to stimulation of one or two muscle groups. Increased options such as number of muscle groups targeted, timing of stimulation delivery, and level of stimulation are needed to address subject-specific gait deviations. We aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a FES system with increased stimulation options during walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Three physical therapists designed individualized stimulation programs for six children with CP to target participant-specific gait deviations. Stimulation settings (pulse duration and current) were tuned to each participant. Participants donned our custom FES system that utilized gait phase detection to control stimulation to lower extremity muscle groups and walked on a treadmill at a self-selected speed. Motion capture data were collected during walking with and without the individualized stimulation program. Eight gait metrics and associated timing were compared between walking conditions. The prescribed participant-specific stimulation programs induced significant change towards typical gait in at least one metric for each participant with one iteration of FES-walking. FES systems with increased stimulation options have the potential to allow the physical therapist to better target the individual’s gait deviations than a one size fits all device.

scholarly journals Functional Electrical Stimulation Changes Dynamic Resources in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 987-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Ho ◽  
Kenneth G Holt ◽  
Elliot Saltzman ◽  
Robert C Wagenaar
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Muscle Complex ◽  
Spring System

Abstract Background and Purpose. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often are faced with difficulty in walking. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complex on the ability to produce appropriately timed force and reduce stiffness (elastic property of the body) and on stride length and stride frequency during walking. Subjects and Methods. Thirteen children with spastic CP (including 4 children who were dropped from the study due to their inability to cooperate) and 6 children who were developing typically participated in the study. A crossover study design was implemented. The children with spastic CP were randomly assigned to either a group that received FES for 15 trials followed by no FES for 15 trials or a group that received no FES for 15 trials followed by FES for 15 trials. The children who were having typical development walked without FES. Kinematic data were collected for the children with CP in each walking condition and for the children who were developing typically. Impulse (force-producing ability) and stiffness were estimated from an escapement-driven pendulum and spring system model of human walking. Stride length and stride frequency also were measured. To compare between walking conditions and between the children with CP and the children who were developing typically, dimensional analysis and speed normalization procedures were used. Results. Nonparametric statistics showed that there was no significant difference between the children with CP in the no-FES condition and the children who were developing typically on speed-normalized dimensionless impulse. In contrast, the children with CP in the FES condition had a significantly higher median value than the children who were developing typically. The FES significantly increased speed-normalized dimensionless impulse from 10.02 to 16.32 when comparing walking conditions for the children with CP. No significant differences were found between walking conditions for stiffness, stride length, and stride frequency. Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that FES is effective in increasing impulse during walking but not in decreasing stiffness. The effect on increasing impulse does not result in more typical spatiotemporal gait parameters. [Ho CL, Holt KG, Saltzman E, Wagenaar RC. Functional electrical stimulation changes dynamic resources in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2006;86:987–1000.]

scholarly journals ARM Controller and EEG based Drowsiness Tracking and Controlling during Driving

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
B. Naresh ◽  
S. Rambabu ◽  
D. Khalandar Basha
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Traffic Signals ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Brain

<span>This paper discussed about EEG-Based Drowsiness Tracking during Distracted Driving based on Brain computer interfaces (BCI). BCIs are systems that can bypass conventional channels of communication (i.e., muscles and thoughts) to provide direct communication and control between the human brain and physical devices by translating different patterns of brain activity commands through controller device in real time. With these signals from brain in mat lab signals spectrum analyzed and estimates driver concentration and meditation conditions. If there is any nearest vehicles to this vehicle a voice alert given to driver for alert. And driver going to sleep gives voice alert for driver using voice chip. And give the information about traffic signal indication using RFID. The patterns of interaction between these neurons are represented as thoughts and emotional states. According to the human feelings, this pattern will be changing which in turn produce different electrical waves. A muscle contraction will also generate a unique electrical signal. All these electrical waves will be sensed by the brain wave sensor and it will convert the data into packets and transmit through Bluetooth medium. Level analyzer unit (LAU) is used to receive the raw data from brain wave sensor and it is used to extract and process the signal using Mat lab platform. The nearest vehicles information is information is taken through ultrasonic sensors and gives voice alert. And traffic signals condition is detected through RF technology.</span>

scholarly journals Benefits of Upper Limb Functional Electrical Stimulation in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Corina SPOREA ◽  
◽  
Dumitru FERECHIDE ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Effective Manner

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Functional Electrical Stimulation in upper limb rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy. Methods: 90 children with spastic cerebral palsy, age between 6 and 9 years, were randomized into two groups. 45 children, represented the control group, performed conventional physical and occupational therapy and robot-assisted therapy. In addition to the control group, the experimental group received functional electrical stimulation interventions with postural control on the affected upper limb. Results: The experimental group's motor performance after treatment (improved coordination by 8.2%, wrist flexion by 9.75°, three-fingered grasp strength by 1.04°, and functional limitation lowered by 5.93) was considerably better than the control group's which coordination increased by 5.5%, wrist flexion by 8.72°, three-fingered grasp strength by 0.7 and functional limitation decreased by 2.33. Conclusions: Functional electrical stimulation intervention was found to be an effective manner to improve motor performance, in terms of coordination, range of motion, and three-fingered grasp strength, visibly reducing functional limitation and improving performance in activities of daily living.

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