scholarly journals Sickle Cell Trait and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Adults

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca V. Zhang ◽  
Kathleen A. Ryan ◽  
Haley Lopez ◽  
Marcella A. Wozniak ◽  
Michael S. Phipps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Background and Purpose: Approximately 8% of Blacks have sickle cell trait (SCT), and there are conflicting reports from recent cohort studies on the association of SCT with ischemic stroke (IS). Most prior studies focused on older populations, with few data available in young adults. Methods: A population-based case-control study of early-onset IS was conducted in the Baltimore-Washington region between 1992 and 2007. From this study, 342 Black IS cases, ages 15 to 49, and 333 controls without IS were used to examine the association between SCT and IS. Each participant’s SCT status was established by genotyping and imputation. For analysis, χ 2 tests and logistic regression models were performed with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: Participants with SCT (n=55) did not differ from those without SCT (n=620) in prevalence of hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, and current smoking status. Stroke cases had increased prevalence in these risk factors compared with controls. We did not find an association between SCT and early-onset IS in our overall population (odds ratio=0.9 [95% CI, 0.5–1.7]) or stratified by sex in males (odds ratio=1.26 [95% CI, 0.56–2.80]) and females (odds ratio=0.67 [95% CI, 0.28–1.69]). Conclusions: Our data did not find evidence of increased risk of early-onset stroke with SCT.

Sickle cell trait and the risk of venous thromboembolism among blacks

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harland Austin ◽  
Nigel S. Key ◽  
Jane M. Benson ◽  
Cathy Lally ◽  
Nicole F. Dowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
S Allele

Abstract People with sickle cell disease have a chronically activated coagulation system and display hemostatic perturbations, but it is unknown whether they experience an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a case–control study of venous thromboembolism that included 515 hospitalized black patients and 555 black controls obtained from medical clinics. All subjects were assayed for hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C genotypes. The prevalence of the S allele was 0.070 and 0.032 for case patients and controls, respectively (P < .001). The odds that a patient had sickle cell trait were approximately twice that of a control, indicating that the risk of venous thromboembolism is increased approximately 2-fold among blacks with sickle cell trait compared with those with the wild-type genotype (odds ratio = 1.8 with 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.9). The odds ratio for pulmonary embolism and sickle cell trait was higher, 3.9 (2.2-6.9). The prevalence of sickle cell disease was also increased among case patients compared with controls. We conclude that sickle cell trait is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism and that the proportion of venous thromboembolism among blacks attributable to the mutation is approximately 7%.

Abstract W MP57: Illicit Cocaine Use and Risk of Ischemic Stroke: The Stroke Prevention in Young Adults Study

Stroke ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ching Cheng ◽  
Saad A Qadwai ◽  
Kathleen A Ryan ◽  
John W Cole ◽  
Steven J Kittner
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
African Americans ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups

Background: Cocaine use has been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke (IS). The prevalence of illicit cocaine use in the population differs by gender and ethnicity. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of cocaine on young-onset IS in Caucasian and African American men and women. Methods: A total of 1,101 cases and 1,154 controls, aged 15 to 49 years old, were recruited from the greater Baltimore-Washington area between 1992 and 2008. Cases and controls were interviewed to assess the presence of stroke risk factors and history of illicit drug use. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between cocaine use and IS. Results: In this study, 28% of cases and 26% of controls reported a history of illicit cocaine use. Men were twice as likely as women to report a history of cocaine use (36% vs. 18%, P<0.0001), and African Americans slightly more likely than Caucasians (30% vs. 26%, P=0.01). Having a history of illicit cocaine use was not associated with IS in the overall sample or any of the gender and ethnic subgroups. However, reporting acute use of cocaine in the 24 hours prior to stroke was strongly associated with increased risk of IS in the overall sample (2.4% of cases vs. 0.4% of controls; age-adjusted OR=7.1, 95% CI: 2.4-20.3), and the strength of association was similar in Caucasians (age-adjusted OR=6.1, p=0.10) and African Americans (age-adjusted OR=6.7, p=0.002). Interestingly, the effect of acute cocaine use appeared to be stronger in females (OR=12.8, p=0.01) than males (OR=2.5, p=0.17) after adjusting for the effect of age, ethnicity and current smoking status although the gender difference in ORs was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our data suggests that acute cocaine use significantly increases IS risk in young adults, and that the effect appears to be stronger in women despite the lower frequency of cocaine use in this subgroup.

Atrial fibrillation and migraine with aura in young adults with ischemic stroke

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242097088
Author(s):  
Cédric Gollion ◽  
Julie Gazagnes ◽  
Vincent Fabry ◽  
Marianne Barbieux-Guillot ◽  
Fleur Lerebours ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Migraine Without Aura ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Migraine is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. The associations are stronger in migraine with aura than in migraine without aura, in women than in men, and in younger subjects. However, the mechanisms by which migraine might increase the risk of ischemic stroke are debated. Methods We analysed the associations between migraine without aura and migraine with aura and the causes of ischemic stroke in patients aged 18–54 years treated consecutively in a university hospital stroke center. Results A total of 339 patients (mean/SD age 43.8/8.8 years, 62.83% male) were included. Migraine with aura was diagnosed in 58 patients, and migraine without aura in 54 patients. Patients with migraine with aura were younger and had fewer traditional cardiovascular risk factors than patients with no migraine. Migraine with aura was strongly associated with atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 5.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–21.92; p = 0.011) and negatively associated with atherosclerosis (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.97; p = 0.033) and small vessel disease (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–0.87; p = 0.022). No other cause of stroke was significantly associated with migraine. The most common cause of stroke was atherosclerosis in no-migraine patients, dissection in migraine without aura patients and patent foramen ovale in migraine with aura patients. Atrial fibrillation was, together with dissection, the second leading cause of stroke in migraine with aura patients, accounting for 10.34% of cases in this subgroup. Conclusion We showed that atrial fibrillation was a common cause of ischemic stroke in young adults with migraine with aura.

scholarly journals Infection in infancy and subsequent risk of developing lymphoma in children and young adults

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1670-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn R. Goldin ◽  
Ola Landgren ◽  
Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson ◽  
Magnus Björkholm ◽  
Ora Paltiel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Immune Defects ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Abstract There is evidence that certain infections and autoimmunity predispose to the development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). A previous study reported that hospitalization for infections in infancy led to an increased risk of NHL. By using population-based registries in Sweden, we compared the rate of hospitalization for infections in infancy between lymphoma cases and matched controls for patients born since 1964. A history of infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of aggressive B-cell lymphomas (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.11-4.04, P = .02). The specific infections involved were respiratory and intestinal. No effects were observed among cases of Hodgkin lymphoma. This association could result from the infection, its treatment, or could be a surrogate marker for underlying immune defects. Further studies are needed to determine whether this association is present among NHL occurring in older adults and if improved survival of patients with immune defects has contributed to the secular increases in incidence of NHLs.

scholarly journals Association of Sickle Cell Trait with Risk and Mortality of COVID-19: Results from the United Kingdom Biobank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kyle Resurreccion ◽  
Joseph Hulsizer ◽  
Zhuqing Shi ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Chi-Hsiung Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Hemoglobin Gene ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Increased Risk

Sickle cell trait (SCT) carriers inherit one copy of the Glu6Val mutation in the hemoglobin gene and is particularly common in Black individuals (5–10%). Considering the roles of hemoglobin in immune responses and the higher risk for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Black individuals, we tested whether Black SCT carriers were at increased risk for COVID-19 infection and mortality according to the United Kingdom Biobank. Among Black individuals who were tested for COVID-19, we found similar infection rates among SCT carriers (14/72; 19.7%) and noncarriers (167/791; 21.1%), but higher COVID-19 mortality rates among SCT carriers (4/14; 28.6%) than among noncarriers (21/167; 12.6%) (odds ratio [OR], 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–11.82; P = 0.12). Notably, SCT carriers with preexisting diabetes had significantly higher COVID-19 mortality (4/4; 100%) than those without diabetes (0/10; 0%; (OR, 90.71; 95% CI, 5.66–infinite; P = 0.0005). These findings suggest that Black SCT carriers with preexisting diabetes are at disproportionally higher risk for COVID-19 mortality. Confirmation by larger studies is warranted.

scholarly journals BMI increase through puberty and adolescence is associated with risk of adult stroke

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Ohlsson ◽  
Maria Bygdell ◽  
Arvid Sondén ◽  
Christina Jern ◽  
Annika Rosengren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Childhood Body Mass Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Bmi

Objective:To evaluate the contribution of prepubertal childhood body mass index (BMI) and BMI change through puberty and adolescence, 2 distinct developmental BMI parameters, for risk of adult stroke in men.Methods:In this population-based study in Gothenburg, Sweden, men born in 1945–1961 with information on both childhood BMI at age 8 and BMI change through puberty and adolescence (BMI at age 20–BMI at age 8) were followed until December 2013 (n = 37,669). Information on stroke events was retrieved from high-quality national registers (918 first stroke events, 672 ischemic stroke events [IS], 207 intracerebral hemorrhage events [ICH]).Results:BMI increase through puberty and adolescence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.21 per SD increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.28), but not childhood BMI, was independently associated with risk of adult stroke. Subanalyses revealed that BMI increase through puberty and adolescence was associated with both IS (HR per SD increase 1.19; 95% CI 1.11–1.28) and ICH (HR per SD increase 1.29; 95% CI 1.15–1.46). High BMI increase during puberty was strongly associated with increased risk of adult hypertension (odds ratio per SD increase 1.35; 95% CI 1.32–1.39).Conclusions:BMI increase through puberty and adolescence is associated with risk of adult IS and ICH in men. We propose that greater BMI increases during puberty contribute to increased risk of adult stroke at least partly via increased blood pressure.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Hosein Rostami ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

scholarly journals Association of ADH1B polymorphism and alcohol consumption with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsiang Lin ◽  
Oswald Ndi Nfor ◽  
Chien-Chang Ho ◽  
Shu-Yi Hsu ◽  
Disline Manli Tantoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is one of the modifiable risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage, which accounts for approximately 10–20% of all strokes worldwide. We evaluated the association of stroke with genetic polymorphisms in the alcohol metabolizing genes, alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, rs671) genes based on alcohol consumption. Methods Data were available for 19,500 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants. We used logistic regression models to test for associations between genetic variants and stroke. Overall, there were 890 individuals with ischemic stroke, 70 with hemorrhagic stroke, and 16,837 control individuals. Participants with ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke were older than their control individuals (mean  ±  SE, 58.47 ± 8.17 vs. 48.33 ± 10.90 years, p  <  0.0001). ALDH2 rs671 was not associated with either hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke among alcohol drinkers. However, the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke was significantly higher among ADH1B rs1229984 TC  +  CC individuals who drank alcohol (odds ratio (OR), 4.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–12.21). We found that the test for interaction was significant for alcohol exposure and rs1229984 genotypes (p for interaction  =  0.016). Stratification by alcohol exposure and ADH1B rs1229984 genotypes showed that the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke remained significantly higher among alcohol drinkers with TC  +  CC genotype relative to those with the TT genotype (OR, 4.43, 95% CI 1.19–16.52). Conclusions Our study suggests that the ADH1B rs1229984 TC  +  CC genotype and alcohol exposure of at least 150 ml/week may increase the risk of developing hemorrhagic stroke among Taiwanese adults.

scholarly journals Prenatal electrocardiogram testing and postpartum depression: A population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1753495X2110125
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Zipursky ◽  
Deva Thiruchelvam ◽  
Donald A Redelmeier
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Clue ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Cardiovascular symptoms in pregnancy may be a clue to psychological distress. We examined whether electrocardiogram testing in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of subsequent postpartum depression. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study of pregnant women who delivered in Ontario, Canada comparing women who received a prenatal ECG to women who did not. Results In total, 3,238,218 women gave birth during the 25-year study period of whom 157,352 (5%) received an electrocardiogram during prenatal care. Receiving an electrocardiogram test was associated with a one-third relative increase in the odds of postpartum depression (odds ratio 1.34; 95% confidence interval 1.29–1.39, p < 0.001). Conclusion The association between prenatal electrocardiogram testing and postpartum depression suggests a possible link of organic disease with mental illness, and emphasizes that cardiovascular symptoms may be a clinical clue to the presence of an underlying mood disorder.

scholarly journals Sickle Cell Trait and Renal Function in Hispanics in the United States: the Northern Manhattan Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole D. Dueker ◽  
David Della-Morte ◽  
Tatjana Rundek ◽  
Ralph L. Sacco ◽  
Susan H. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Increased Risk

<p class="Pa7">Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a common hematological disorder among individu­als of African descent in the United States; the disorder results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. It is caused by homozygosity for a genetic mutation in HBB; rs334. While the presence of a single mutation (sickle cell trait, SCT) has long been considered a benign trait, recent research suggests that SCT is associated with renal dysfunction, including a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African Americans. It is currently unknown whether similar associations are observed in Hispanics. Therefore, our study aimed to determine if SCT is associated with mean eGFR and CKD in a sample of 340 Dominican Hispanics from the Northern Manhattan Study. Using regression analyses, we tested rs334 for association with eGFR and CKD, adjusting for age and sex. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equa­tion and CKD was defined as eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Within our sample, there were 16 individuals with SCT (SCT carriers). We found that SCT carriers had a mean eGFR that was 12.12 mL/min/1.73m2 lower than non-carriers (P=.002). Additionally, SCT carriers had 2.72 times higher odds of CKD compared with non-carriers (P=.09). Taken together, these novel results show that Hispanics with SCT, as found among African Americans with SCT, may also be at increased risk for kidney disease.</p><p class="Pa7"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017; 27(1)<strong>:</strong>11-14; doi:10.18865/ed.27.1.11.</p><p class="Pa7"> </p>

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