scholarly journals Idiopathic Esophageal Lipomatosis: An Incidental Benign Discovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 856-860
Author(s):  
Venkata Vinod Kumar Matli ◽  
Deepthi Devagudi ◽  
Brian Cooney ◽  
Uma Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Esophageal Dilatation ◽  
Proximal Esophagus ◽  
Barium Esophagogram

Gastrointestinal (GI) lipomatosis has been reported in the GI medicine literature, but esophageal lipomatosis has never been reported at all. We report the case of an 86-year-old man with multiple medical comorbidities who was admitted to our hospital for community-acquired pneumonia. Computed tomography angiography of his pulmonary arteries ruled out the possibility of pulmonary embolism but showed a 9-mm circumferential wall thickening in the proximal esophagus measuring −172 HU, which is similar in opacity to the adipose tissue. The patient was asymptomatic and without any current or prior symptoms of dysphagia or odynophagia. The barium esophagogram was unremarkable; there were no strictures, masses, or mucosal abnormalities. There was no evidence of esophageal dilatation on either imaging modality. Esophageal lipomatosis is only described in a few case reports in the radiological literature and, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the GI literature at all. It is important to highlight in the GI literature this as a benign entity that does not cause symptoms and typically does not warrant invasive diagnostic or therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) Features of Aortic Floating Thrombus: Five Case Reports and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Lin-Yun Wu ◽  
Zhong Wei Tian ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Floating Thrombus ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers

: Aortic floating thrombus (AFT) is a rare disease, which is often misdiagnosed as a tumor or another disease. Here, we report five cases of AFT, confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA). The patients’ laboratory biomarkers, clinical treatment, dynamic changes, and CTA features, including the AFT location, morphology, size, and aortic segment involvement, were retrospectively analyzed. CTA was the main imaging modality for detecting AFT, as it could depict lesions and determine the therapeutic effects accurately. Overall, the therapeutic strategy should be selected individually, depending on the patient’s physical health; conservative medication use is also recommended.

scholarly journals COVID-CT-MD, COVID-19 computed tomography scan dataset applicable in machine learning and deep learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parnian Afshar ◽  
Shahin Heidarian ◽  
Nastaran Enshaei ◽  
Farnoosh Naderkhani ◽  
Moezedin Javad Rafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Low Sensitivity

AbstractNovel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has drastically overwhelmed more than 200 countries affecting millions and claiming almost 2 million lives, since its emergence in late 2019. This highly contagious disease can easily spread, and if not controlled in a timely fashion, can rapidly incapacitate healthcare systems. The current standard diagnosis method, the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR), is time consuming, and subject to low sensitivity. Chest Radiograph (CXR), the first imaging modality to be used, is readily available and gives immediate results. However, it has notoriously lower sensitivity than Computed Tomography (CT), which can be used efficiently to complement other diagnostic methods. This paper introduces a new COVID-19 CT scan dataset, referred to as COVID-CT-MD, consisting of not only COVID-19 cases, but also healthy and participants infected by Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). COVID-CT-MD dataset, which is accompanied with lobe-level, slice-level and patient-level labels, has the potential to facilitate the COVID-19 research, in particular COVID-CT-MD can assist in development of advanced Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Neural Network (DNN) based solutions.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of complicated course of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) via using chest computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
М.І. Lynnyk ◽  
V.І. Іgnatieva ◽  
G.L. Gumeniuk ◽  
V.А. Svyatnenko ◽  
O.R. Tarasenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Complicated Course

BACKGROUND. To date, radiological criteria for the diagnosis of viral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 have been established, and treatment regimens for patients depending on the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been developed for both outpatient and inpatient settings. Many patients, regardless of the form and severity of the coronavirus infection, suffer from a range of symptoms for weeks or even months that reduce their quality of life. Therefore, the diagnostics of complicated course of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) via using computed tomography (CT) of the chest becomes relevant. OBJECT. To diagnose a complicated course of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) according to CT of the chest. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A group of patients referred for treatment to the National Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology named after F.G. Yanovsky of the NAMS of Ukraine with complications of pneumonia from other medical institutions where they were treated for community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) 2-3 months ago. Chest CT of 20 patients (12 men and 8 women aged from 24 to 66 years) were analyzed. All patients complained of shortness of breath, cough, lack of significant improvement in general condition after discharge from the hospital. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Typical complications of community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) were determined by CT: 10 % of patients showed gradual progression of viral pneumonia (numerous opacities were identified as “ground glass”, consolidation and the “crazy paving” symptom); 15 % – signs of thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries branches; 25 % – exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with preservation of signs of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia; 20 % – exacerbation of asthma with signs of bilateral polysegmental viral pneumonia in the regression phase; 30 % – bullous pulmonary emphysema (“vanishing lung syndrome”). CONCLUSIONS. Typical complications of pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19) indicate that the inflammatory process does not end after inpatient treatment and the presence of a negative PCR test, and patients need further careful monitoring and correction of treatment. CT is an objective and most informative diagnostic method of complicated community-acquired pneumonia of viral etiology (COVID-19).

Incidence of Cerebral Hemorrhage in Traumatic Patients using Computed Tomography in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 460-463
Author(s):  
Amna Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Towmader Awad ◽  
Hajer Yousif ◽  
Reem Nahari ◽  
Omnia Abdelrhman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ct Finding

Computed Tomography (CT) is the most commonly used imaging modality in the evaluation of cerebral hemorrhage in the head trauma patients. Objective: To study the incidence of a cerebral hemorrhage in traumatic patients using computed tomography. Method: This retrospective study was conducted at King Khalid hospital in Tabuk city, Saudi Arabia, in the radiology department, in the period from September 2018 to April 2020. The study was done by collecting 471 CT reports of patients all of them were exposed to head trauma with deferent reasons. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program (ver. 20) and presented in tables and graphs according to the checklist which includes: patient age, gender, type of trauma, CT finding, and type of hemorrhage. Results: The most age group suffered from head trauma was less than 20 years percentage (55%), The male patients more exposed to head trauma than female patients with percentage (84.5%), the road traffic accident (RTA) is the most common type of trauma by percentage (63.5%), according to the CT finding; the cerebral hemorrhage represented (15.5%) with the highest percentage in a subdural hematoma (31.2%), the fracture represented (2.8%) while the normal appearance represented (81.7%) as the highest percentage. Conclusion: Most of the traumatic brain injury in patients caused cerebral hemorrhage and the CT scan reports show that: the common type of cerebral hemorrhage is subdural hematoma and it is common in males which exposed to (RTA) in the age group (21 - 40) years old.

scholarly journals Conditional CT Strategy—An Effective Tool to Reduce Negative Appendectomy Rate and the Overuse of the CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Raminta Luksaite-Lukste ◽  
Ruta Kliokyte ◽  
Arturas Samuilis ◽  
Eugenijus Jasiunas ◽  
Martynas Luksta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Negative Appendectomy ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasound ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Negative Appendectomy Rate

(1) Background: Diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) remains challenging; either computed tomography (CT) is universally used or negative appendectomy rates of up to 30% are reported. Transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) as the first-choice imaging modality might be useful in adult patients to reduce the need for CT scans while maintaining low negative appendectomy (NA) rates. The aim of this study was to report the results of the conditional CT strategy for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. (2) Methods: All patients suspected of acute appendicitis were prospectively registered from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018. Data on their clinical, radiological and surgical outcomes are presented. (3) Results: A total of 1855 patients were enrolled in our study: 1206 (65.0%) were women, 649 (35.0%) were men, and the median age was 34 years (IQR, 24.5–51). TUS was performed in 1851 (99.8%) patients, and CT in 463 (25.0%) patients. Appendices were not visualized on TUS in 1320 patients (71.3%). Furthermore, 172 (37.1%) of 463 CTs were diagnosed with AA, 42 (9.1%) CTs revealed alternative emergency diagnosis and 249 (53.8%) CTs were normal. Overall, 519 (28.0%) patients were diagnosed with AA: 464 appendectomies and 27 diagnostic laparoscopies were performed. The NA rate was 4.2%. The sensitivity and specificity for TUS and CT are as follows: 71.4% and 96.2%; 93.8% and 93.6%. (4) Conclusion: A conditional CT strategy is effective in reducing NA rates and avoids unnecessary CT in a large proportion of patients. Observation and repeated TUS might be useful in unclear cases.

scholarly journals Role of MSCT in the diagnosis of perforated gall bladder (a retrospective study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. Harraz ◽  
Ahmed H. Abouissa
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Acute Diverticulitis ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Abstract Background Although gall bladder perforation (GBP) is not common, it is considered a life-threating condition, and the possibility of occurrence in cases of acute cholecystitis must be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the role of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) in the assessment of GBP. Results It is a retrospective study including 19 patients that had GBP out of 147, there were 11 females (57.8%) and 8 males (42.1%), aged 42 to 79 year (mean age 60) presented with acute abdomen or acute cholecystitis. All patients were examined with abdominal ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced abdominal MSCT after written informed consent was obtained from the patients. This study was between January and December 2018. Patients with contraindications to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) (pregnancy, acute kidney failure, or allergy to iodinated contrast agents) who underwent US only were excluded. Patients with other diagnoses, such as acute diverticulitis of the right-sided colon or acute appendicitis, were excluded. The radiological findings were evaluated such as GB distention; stones; wall thickening, enhancement, and defect; pericholecystic free fluid or collection; enhancement of liver parenchyma; and air in the wall or lumen. All CT findings are compared with the surgical results. Our results revealed that the most important and diagnostic MSCT finding in GBP is a mural defect. Nineteen patients were proved surgically to have GBP. Conclusion GBP is a rare but very serious condition and should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible to decrease morbidity and mortality. The most accurate diagnostic tool is the CT, MSCT findings most specific and sensitive for the detection of GBP and its complications.

scholarly journals Aberrant aggressive behavior in a mouse model of Angelman syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilach Simchi ◽  
Hanoch Kaphzan
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Angelman Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Affiliative Behavior ◽  
Severe Difficulty

AbstractAngelman syndrome (AS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder due to the absence of the E3-ligase protein, UBE3A. Inappropriate social interactions, usually hyper-sociability, is a part of that syndrome. In addition, clinical surveys and case reports describe aggressive behavior in AS individuals as a severe difficulty for caretakers. A mouse model for AS recapitulates most of the human AS phenotypes. However, very few studies utilized this mouse model for investigating affiliative social behavior, and not even a single study examined aggressive behavior. Hence, the aim of the herein study was to examine affiliative and aggressive social behavior. For that, we utilized a battery of behavioral paradigms, and performed detailed analyses of these behaviors. AS mice exhibited a unique characteristic of reduced habituation towards a social stimulus in comparison to their wild-type (WT) littermates. However, overall there were no additional marked differences in affiliative social behavior. In contrast to the mild changes in affiliative behavior, there was a striking enhanced aggression in the AS mice compared to their WT littermates. The herein findings emphasize the use of AS mouse model in characterizing and measuring inappropriate aggressive behavior, and suggests these as tools for investigating therapeutic interventions aimed at attenuating aggressive behavior.

scholarly journals Efficacy of chest X-ray in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison with computed tomography through a simplified scoring system designed for triage

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akın Çinkooğlu ◽  
Selen Bayraktaroğlu ◽  
Naim Ceylan ◽  
Recep Savaş
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Initial Presentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Abstract Background There is no consensus on the imaging modality to be used in the diagnosis and management of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to make a comparison between computed tomography (CT) and chest X-ray (CXR) through a scoring system that can be beneficial to the clinicians in making the triage of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia at their initial presentation to the hospital. Results Patients with a negative CXR (30.1%) had significantly lower computed tomography score (CTS) (p < 0.001). Among the lung zones where the only infiltration pattern was ground glass opacity (GGO) on CT images, the ratio of abnormality seen on CXRs was 21.6%. The cut-off value of X-ray score (XRS) to distinguish the patients who needed intensive care at follow-up (n = 12) was 6 (AUC = 0.933, 95% CI = 0.886–0.979, 100% sensitivity, 81% specificity). Conclusions Computed tomography is more effective in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia at the initial presentation due to the ease detection of GGOs. However, a baseline CXR taken after admission to the hospital can be valuable in predicting patients to be monitored in the intensive care units.

scholarly journals Delayed Extradural Hematoma after Evacuation of Contralateral Acute Extradural Hematoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Anwer ◽  
Atique Ur Rehman ◽  
Farheen Ahmed ◽  
Satyendra Kumar ◽  
Md Masleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Extradural Hematoma ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Neurologic Deterioration ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Traumatic head injury with extradural hematoma (EDH) is seen in 2% of patients. Development of EDH on the contralateral side is an uncommon complication that has been reported in various case reports. Case Report We report here a case of an 18-year-old male who had a road traffic injury. He was diagnosed as a case of left-sided large frontotemporoparietal acute extradural bleed with a mass effect toward the right side. He was managed with urgent craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma. A noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan performed 8 hours after postoperative period showed a large frontotemporoparietal bleed on the right side with a mass effect toward the left side. He was again taken to the operating room and right-sided craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma were performed. A postoperative NCCT scan revealed a resolved hematoma. The patient made a complete recovery in the postoperative period and is doing well. Conclusion Delayed onset epidural hematoma is diagnosed when the initial computed tomography (CT) scan is negative or is performed early and when late CT scan performed to assess clinical or ICP deterioration shows an EDH. The diagnosis of such a condition requires a high index of suspicion based on the mechanism of injury along with fracture patterns. Additionally, change in pupillary size, raised intracranial pressure, and bulging of the brain intraoperatively are additional clues for contralateral bleeding. Neurologic deterioration may or may not be associated with delayed EDH presentation. An early postoperative NCCT scan within 24 hours is recommended to detect this complication with or without any neurologic deterioration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document