scholarly journals Comparing Cannabis Use Disorder in the General Population with Cannabis Treatment Seekers Using Multi-Source National Datasets: Who Receives Treatment?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Anne Marie Carew ◽  
Derek O’Neill ◽  
Seán R. Millar ◽  
Suzi Lyons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Receive Treatment

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Given the increased prevalence of cannabis use in Ireland and increase in cannabis potency, this study aimed to estimate the size of the potential population in Ireland that may be in need of cannabis treatment and the percentage of people with cannabis use disorder (CUD) who actually access treatment. We also compared the profile of those with CUD in the general population to those who receive treatment for their cannabis use to explore whether certain subgroups are more or less likely to enter treatment. <b><i>Method:</i></b> This was a retrospective, multi-source database study. Data were obtained from (1) Ireland’s 2014/2015 national general population survey (GPS) on drug use and (2) treatment data from the Irish National Drug Treatment Reporting System (NDTRS) for 2015. The profiles of GPS cases with CUD and NDTRS cases were compared using 2-sided <i>t</i> tests designed for independent samples. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The prevalence of last year cannabis use among adults aged 15 and older was 6.5% and the prevalence of CUD was 2.6%, representing 94,515 of the Irish population. A total of 4,761 cases entered treatment for problem cannabis use. NDTRS treatment cases were significantly more likely than GPS cases to be unemployed (63.7% vs. 26.6%) and have no or primary level only educational attainment (56.3% vs. 21.2%). Over half (53.3%) of NDTRS cases first used cannabis before the age of 15 years, compared to 14.7% of CUD cases in the population. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings suggest that earlier users and those with more complex or disadvantaged lives are more likely to seek treatment. A broad population health approach that engages multiple sectors such as health, social welfare, and education is recommended to ensure that there is increased opportunity for people with CUD to be identified and signposted towards treatment.

scholarly journals ATTITUDES ABOUT CANNABIS AND CANNABIS USE IN TWO CONSECUTIVE STUDIES AMONG THE GENERAL POPULATION IN CROATIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Renata Glavak Tkalić ◽  
Josip Razum ◽  
Anja Wertag
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Waves

Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in Croatia. Although some peo-ple seem to use cannabis without adverse consequences, widespread cannabis use still poses a significant burden on public health. The aims of this study ware to determine if prevalence of cannabis use and cannabis attitudes changed between the two study waves, and to determine wich groups regarding cannabis user and attitudes exist in the Croatian general population and did they change between the two study waves. The re-search was conducted on two representative samples of Croatian citizens aged betwe-en 15 and 64 years, first collected in 2011 (N=4756), and second in 2015 (N=4992). Cross-sectional design was employed, and face-to-face survey was used in data collec-tion. In the current study, data on the prevalence and extent of cannabis use, attitudes on cannabis use and policies regarding cannabis use, risk perception of cannabis use, as well as relevant characteristics of respondents were used. Data were analyzed using confidence intervals and latent class analysis (LCA). Cannabis use increased between the two study waves and the attitudes became more favorable. Three classes were obta-ined in the LCA in both waves: “non-users – cannabis conservative” (the biggest cla-ss), “rare to occasional users – cannabis liberal” (medium sized class) and “moderate to heavy users – very cannabis liberal” (the smallest class). The size of classes changed between the waves, with the latter two classes increasing in size in 2015. Results are discussed in the context of recent legal and societal events in Croatian society which might have driven the discovered changes in cannabis use and attitudes. Key words: attitudes about cannabis, cannabis use, prevalence of cannabis use, ge-neral population, Croatia

scholarly journals Changes over time in prevalence rates of past-year cannabis use by men and women with a psychotic disorder.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Waterreus ◽  
Patsy Di Prinzio ◽  
Johanna C. Badcock ◽  
Mathew T. Martin-Iverson ◽  
Vera A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: General population data show cannabis use by younger people is declining but increasing in older adults. Overall, the gap between men and women appears to be narrowing. Little has been documented about sex and age differences in patterns of cannabis use over time by people with a psychotic disorder. We examined rates of past-year cannabis use by sex and age to determine whether use by this population has changed over time. Methods: Data on cannabis use from Australian National Psychosis Surveys (1997, 2010) were analysed by sex and age and compared to National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (1998, 2010). Results: Prevalence of past-year cannabis use by people with psychotic illness dropped significantly from 38.2% to 33.7%. Both sexes showed a decline in use. The steeper decline in use by men aged 18-29 years (70.2% to 47.8%) contributed to a narrowing of the sex gap. Conversely, use by men aged 55-64 increased from 4.8% to 18.8%. General population data showed a similar pattern of change across sex and age groups. Conclusions: Despite declining rates of past-year cannabis use in people with a psychotic illness, rates remain more than double that of the general population. Traditionally, men were more likely to use cannabis than women, but convergence in rates in younger people shows this is changing. Furthermore, cannabis use is not restricted to young people. Increasing use of cannabis by older men will place additional demands on drug and alcohol services.

scholarly journals Relationships between age at first substance use and persistence of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán R. Millar ◽  
Deirdre Mongan ◽  
Bobby P. Smyth ◽  
Ivan J. Perry ◽  
Brian Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis User ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Frequency Of Use

Abstract Background From a secondary prevention perspective, it is useful to know who is at greatest risk of progressing from substance initiation to riskier patterns of future use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between age at first use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and whether age of substance use onset is related to having a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Methods We analysed data from Ireland’s 2010/11 and 2014/15 National Drug Prevalence Surveys, which recruited 5134 and 7005 individuals respectively, aged 15 years and over, living in private households. We included only those people who reported lifetime cannabis use. Multinomial, linear and binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine relationships between age of substance use onset and patterns of cannabis use, frequency of use and having a CUD. Results When compared to former users, the odds of being a current cannabis user were found to be reduced by 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.95) and 4% (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.00) for each year of delayed alcohol and cannabis use onset, respectively. Among current users, significant inverse linear relationships were noted, with increasing age of first use of tobacco (β = − 0.547; P < .001) and cannabis (β = − 0.634; P < .001) being associated with a decreased frequency of cannabis use within the last 30 days. The odds of having a CUD were found to be reduced by 14% (OR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.94) and 11% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98) for each year of delayed tobacco and cannabis use onset respectively in analyses which examined survey participants aged 15–34 years. Conclusions Among people who report past cannabis use, it is those with a more precocious pattern of early use of substances, including alcohol, and especially tobacco and cannabis, who are more likely to report ongoing, heavy and problematic cannabis use. Secondary prevention initiatives should prioritise people with a pattern of very early onset substance use.

scholarly journals Evidence for an increase in cannabis use in Iran – A systematic review and trend analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256563
Author(s):  
Yasna Rostam-Abadi ◽  
Jaleh Gholami ◽  
Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili ◽  
Shahab Baheshmat ◽  
Marziyeh Hamzehzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High School Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
School Students ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Background and aims Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally. In this systematic review, we examined the prevalence and trends of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder in Iran. Methods We searched International and Iranian databases up to March 2021. Pooled prevalence of use among sex subgroups of the general population, university and high school students, combined youth groups, and high-risk groups was estimated through random-effects model. Trends of various use indicators and national seizures were examined. Results Ninety studies were included. The prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 1.3% (95%CI: 0.1–3.6) and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1–0.3) among the male and female Iranian general population, respectively. The prevalence of cannabis use disorder among general population in national studies rose from 0% in 2001 to 0.5% in 2011. In the 2016–2020 period, the pooled prevalence estimates of last 12-month cannabis use were 4.9% (95% CI: 3.4–6.7) and 0.3% (95% CI: 0.0–1.3) among males and females of “combined youth groups”, respectively. The linear trend of last 12-month cannabis use among males of "combined youth groups" and among female university students increased significantly from 2000 to 2020. Conclusions Prevalence of cannabis use in Iran is low compared to many countries. However, there is strong evidence of an increase in cannabis use among the youth and some evidence for an increase in cannabis use disorder.

scholarly journals Cannabis use and risk of type 2 diabetes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian-Edgar Baumeister ◽  
Michael Nolde ◽  
Zoheir Alayash ◽  
Michael Leitzmann ◽  
Hansjoerg Baurecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Cannabis has effects on the insulin/glucose metabolism. As the use of cannabis and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes increase worldwide, it is important to examine the effect of cannabis on the risk of diabetes. We conducted a Mendelian randomization study by using 19 single-nucleotide polymorphisms as instrumental variables for lifetime cannabis use and 14 SNPs to instrument cannabis use disorder, and linking these to type 2 diabetes risk using genome-wide association study data (lifetime cannabis use [N = 184,765]; cannabis use disorder [2,387 cases / 48,985 controls], type 2 diabetes [74,124 cases / 824 controls]). The MR analysis suggested no effect of lifetime cannabis use (inverse variance weighted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.00 [0.93-1.09], P-value = 0.935) and cannabis use disorder (OR = 1.03 [0.99-1.08]) on type 2 diabetes. Sensitivity analysis to assess potential pleiotropy led to no substantive change in the estimates. This study adds to the evidence base that cannabis use does not play a causal role in type 2 diabetes.

Genetic Influences in Cannabis Use Disorder and Psychosis: Dopamine and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (42) ◽  
pp. 6392-6396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Benyamina ◽  
Laurent Karila ◽  
Geneviève Lafaye ◽  
Lisa Blecha
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder

scholarly journals Genetic Liability to Cannabis Use Disorder and COVID-19 Hospitalization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Hatoum ◽  
Claire L. Morrison ◽  
Sarah M.C. Colbert ◽  
Evan A. Winiger ◽  
Emma C. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorder ◽  
Genetic Liability
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