Levels and Associations of Weight Misperception with Healthy Lifestyle among Adults in Saudi Arabia

Obesity in Saudi Arabia in 2020: Prevalence, Distribution, and Its Current Association with Various Health Conditions

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9030311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 311

Author(s):

Nora A. Althumiri ◽

Mada H. Basyouni ◽

Norah AlMousa ◽

Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽

Rasha A. Almubark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

National Level ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

And Gender ◽

Colon Diseases

The global prevalence of obesity is increasing. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases and health conditions. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia and described the current national-level status of the association between obesity and various health conditions. This study is a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted over phone-interviews in June 2020. In this study, a proportional quota-sampling technique was used to obtain equal distributions of participants, stratified by age and gender, across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Weight and height were self-reported, and the obesity was determined as BMI ≥ 30. Logistic regression adjusted for age and gender was used for exploring current associations between obesity and health conditions. Of the 6239 participants contacted, 4709 participants responded and completed the interview with a response rate of 75.48%. Of them, 50.1% were female, the mean age was 36.4 ± 13.5 (Range: 18–90), and the median age was 36. The national weighted prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 24.7%, and the prevalence in the sample (unweighted) was 21.7%. Obesity was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes [Odd ratio, (OR) = 1.52], hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.69), hypertension (OR = 1.61), lung diseases (OR = 1.69), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.57), sleep apnea (OR = 1.82), colon diseases (OR = 1.31), and thyroid disorders (OR = 1.8). This study provides an update on the recent prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia. It also shows the variation in prevalence rates between different regions, which might be explored further. Although obesity shows a decreasing trend, almost one-quarter of this study sample were obese. Obesity is currently associated with many health conditions that can affect the individuals’ quality of life, impose stress on the healthcare system and impose an economic burden on the country. This evidence highlights the need for action to focus more on obesity in Saudi Arabia.

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The Influence of Minority Stress on Level of Depression among Thai LGBT Adults

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v0i0.1073 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Priyoth Kittiteerasack ◽

Alana Steffen ◽

Alicia Matthews

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Minority Stress ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Survey Study ◽

Stress Coping ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Identity Concealment ◽

Stress Coping Strategies ◽

And Gender

In the US, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals report higher rates of depression compared with heterosexual and cisgender persons. To date, little is known about the mental health of LGBT adults in Thailand. Here, we examined rates and correlates of depression among a volunteer sample of Thai LGBTs. Data were collected as part of a larger cross-sectional survey study. Standardized measures of sexual orientation and gender identity, stress, coping style, and minority stressors were completed. Of the 411 participants, 40.3% met the criteria for depression. In multivariate analyses, the combined influences of sociodemographic factors, general stress, coping strategies, and minority-specific stress variables explained 47.2% of the variance in depression scores (F[16,367]= 20.48, p<.001). Correlates of depression included coping strategies and minority-specific stressors, including experiences of victimization, discrimination, and level of identity concealment. Study findings have implications for psychiatric nursing practice and the development of intervention research. Abstrak Di AS, individu lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) melaporkan tingkat depresi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan orang heteroseksual dan cisgender. Saat ini, sedikit yang diketahui tentang kesehatan mental pada orang dewasa dengan LGBT di Thailand. Di sini, kami meneliti tingkat dan korelasi depresi di antara sampel sukarelawan LGBT Thailand. Data dikumpulkan sebagai bagian dari studi survei cross-sectional yang lebih besar. Pengukuran terstandar terhadap orientasi seksual dan identitas gender, stres, koping, dan stresor minoritas telah selesai. Dari 411 peserta, 40,3% memenuhi kriteria untuk depresi. Dalam analisis multivariat, pengaruh gabungan faktor sosiodemografi, stres umum, strategi koping, dan variabel stres spesifik-minoritas menjelaskan 47,2% dari varians dalam skor depresi (F [16,367]= 20,48, p< 0,001). Korelasi depresi termasuk strategi koping dan stres spesifik-minoritas, termasuk pengalaman viktimisasi, diskriminasi, dan tingkat penyembunyian identitas. Temuan penelitian memiliki implikasi untuk praktik keperawatan psikiatris dan pengembangan penelitian intervensi. Kata kunci: depresi, LGBT, minoritas seksual dan gender; stres minoritas, Thailand

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MISUSE AND ABUSE OF DRUGS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY AMONG PHARMACY PROFESSIONALS IN SAUDI ARABIA

Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry - Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 28, No. 28, 2020 ◽

10.48141/sbjchem.v28.n28.2020.07_royes_pgs_46_52.pdf ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (28) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Dhafer ALSHAYBAN ◽

Royes JOSEPH ◽

Jisha LUCCA ◽

Fatimah ALJISHI ◽

Yara ALSADIQ

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Human Life ◽

Prescription Medication ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Pharmacy Staff ◽

Cross Sectional

Prescription and non-prescription medication misuse or abuse is a global problem that has a negative impact on all human life aspects, including health, social, economic, and security status. According to the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime reports, over 5% of adult people used drugs at least once in the year 2015, and 29.5 million of them were suffered from the consequences of inappropriate use of drugs. Information on the knowledge and perception among pharmacists regarding the misuse and abuse medications in Saudi Arabia are limited, and therefore, a study was conducted among pharmacy staff to assess their knowledge and awareness on drug misuse and abuse. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy professionals with more than three months of experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the participant's responses. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with the participant's responses. Ninety pharmacy professionals were responded. Overall, 69 (76.7%) participants agreed that misuse and abuse are two different terms. In addition, the study showed different responses for patients who suspected to be medication abusers. In conclusion, this study provides an initial picture of pharmacy staffs' knowledge and opinion regarding the misuse and abuse of medicines in Saudi Arabia. Participants' reactions toward such behaviors were different and not consistent. Therefore, there should be a clear policy to define the role of the pharmacy staff toward the misuse and abuse of medication in Saudi Arabia.

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Prevalence of Self-Reported Food Allergies and Their Association with Other Health Conditions among Adults in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Nora A. Althumiri ◽

Mada H. Basyouni ◽

Norah AlMousa ◽

Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽

Nasser F. BinDhim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bariatric Surgery ◽

At Risk ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Food Allergies ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender

Food allergies are a potentially life-threatening health issue, and few studies have determined their prevalence throughout Saudi Arabia. The main objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of self-reported food allergies, and explore their association with other health conditions among adults in Saudi Arabia. This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June 2020. A proportional quota-sampling technique was used to obtain equal distributions of participants by age and gender across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Self-reported food allergy, height, weight, health conditions, mental health status, and demographic variables were collected. Of the 6239 participants contacted, 4709 (75.48%) participants responded and completed the interview. Furthermore, 50.1% of the participants were female, with a mean age of 36.4 ± 13.5 years (18–90 years). The prevalence of food allergies was 19.7%. The most self-reported food allergies were egg, shellfish and shrimp, and peanuts, with a prevalence of 3.7%, 3.1%, and 3.0%, respectively. There was an association between the presence of food allergies and reported bariatric surgery, asthma, colon disease, and being at risk of depression. Bariatric surgery was significantly associated with lower likelihood of self-reported allergy (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.22–2.34, p = 0.002). This study revealed, for the first time, a high prevalence of self-reported food allergies among adults in Saudi Arabia in a large nationwide sample, and food allergy association with bariatric surgery, asthma, colon disease, and being at risk of depression. This information is valuable for clinicians and policymakers, particularly in terms of food allergen labeling.

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Comparison of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices between Urban and Rural Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sabah, East Malaysia

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2037

Author(s):

Mohammad Halim Bin Jeinie ◽

Rhanye Mac Guad ◽

Marion M. Hetherington ◽

Siew Hua Gan ◽

Yin Nwe Aung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Z Score ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

School Students ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Balanced Diet ◽

And Gender

Nutritional knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) may guide healthy meal choices. Here, nutritional KAP was compared across school students in Sabah based on locality and gender. A cross-sectional survey of students aged 15–19 years was conducted using multistage sampling. Nutritional KAP was measured via questionnaire. Anthropometric measures of weight and height were taken in person to calculate body mass index (BMI). Among the 994 participants, 80% were urban and 60% were female (mean age 16.5 ± 0.6 yr). Most were of Kadazan-Dusun (23%) ethnicity. Measured height for age Z score (HAZ) and BMI for age Z score (BAZ) differed between urban and rural students (−1.2 ± 0.8 versus −1.5 ± 0.7 for HAZ; p < 0.001; 0.2 ± 1.4 versus −0.1 ± 1.3; p = 0.02, respectively). No difference in nutritional knowledge was found, although urban students prioritized having a healthy/balanced diet (59.55% versus 48.50%, p = 0.03) and ate daily breakfast (57.4% versus 10.2%, p < 0.001) compared to rural. Females scored higher on nutritional knowledge than males (18.9 ± 2.8 vs. 18.1 ± 3.4, respectively, p = 0.0001), yet males selected more healthy/balanced foods (63.3% versus 53.3%, p = 0.041). The gap remains between nutritional KAP and translating this to healthy eating among adolescents, related to locality and gender.

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Misuse and Abuse of Drugs: a Cross-Sectional Survey Among Pharmacy Professionals in Saudi Arabia

Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry - Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 28, No. 28, 2020 ◽

10.37633/sbjc.28(28)2020.45-52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (28) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Dhafer Alshayban ◽

Royes Joseph ◽

Jisha Lucca ◽

Fatimah Aljishi ◽

Yara Alsadiq

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Human Life ◽

Prescription Medication ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Pharmacy Staff ◽

Cross Sectional

Prescription and non-prescription medication misuse or abuse is a global problem that has a negative impact on all human life aspects, including health, social, economic, and security status. According to the United Nations Office on Drug and Crime reports, over 5% of adult people used drugs at least once in the year 2015, and 29.5 million of them were suffered from the consequences of inappropriate use of drugs. Information on the knowledge and perception among pharmacists regarding the misuse and abuse medications in Saudi Arabia are limited, and therefore, a study was conducted among pharmacy staff to assess their knowledge and awareness on drug misuse and abuse. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. Pharmacy professionals with more than three months of experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the participant’s responses. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors with the participant's responses. Ninety pharmacy professionals were responded. Overall, 69 (76.7%) participants agreed that misuse and abuse are two different terms. In addition, the study showed different responses for patients who suspected to be medication abusers. In conclusion, this study provides an initial picture of pharmacy staffs’ knowledge and opinion regarding the misuse and abuse of medicines in Saudi Arabia. Participants’ reactions toward such behaviors were different and not consistent. Therefore, there should be a clear policy to define the role of the pharmacy staff toward the misuse and abuse of medication in Saudi Arabia

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Patterns of Restorative Failure among Khat and Shammah Users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 234-240

Author(s):

Shilpa H Bhandi ◽

Mohammed E Sayed ◽

Razan A Bosly ◽

Huda A Hakami ◽

Maryam H Mugri

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Restorations ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

And Gender ◽

Natural Dentition

ABSTRACT Introduction The effect of Khat and Shammah habits, with the parafunctional jaw activities that accompany them, on the integrity of the natural dentition, dental restorations, and prostheses has not yet been investigated. This study is the first attempt to identify the patterns of restorative failure among Khat chewers and Shammah users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 294 recruits among dental clinics in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from October 1, 2015, to April 30, 2016. The patients were surveyed and examined to identify the type of restorations/prosthesis they had and their failures. Bivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the association of the restorative failure with the demographic variables. General linear model was performed to investigate the association between restorations/prostheses failure and Khat/Shammah use with the controlling factors of age and gender as independent variables. Results Khat/Shammah use was statistically significantly associated with restorative failure (p < 0.05) relative to amalgam, composite, crowns, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, and complete dentures. In addition, a significant association of restorative failure was observed with gender, education, and brushing. Conclusion Consumption of Khat/Shammah may be attributed as one of the reasons associated with restorative failure among the Saudi population. How to cite this article Sayed ME, Bosly RA, Hakami HA, Mugri MH, Bhandi SH. Patterns of Restorative Failure among Khat and Shammah Users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):234-240.

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The National Survey of Health, Diet, Physical Activity and Supplements among Adults in Saudi Arabia

Food and Drug Regulatory Science Journal ◽

10.32868/rsj.v1i1.21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Nora Abdulrahman Althumiri ◽

Nouf S. Alammari ◽

Rasha A. Almubark ◽

Fatemah A. Alnofal ◽

Dalal J. Alkhamis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Equal Distribution ◽

Nutrition Guidelines ◽

Quota Sampling

Background Diet, health, physical activity, tobacco use, and mental health are risk factors that contribute to an increased incidence of NCDs. This report aims to determine overall health status, nutritional perceptions, knowledge, behaviors, and shopping practices among the Saudi population. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among Saudi residents aged ≥ 18 years. This study used a stratified quota sampling technique to get an equal distribution of participants across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 3,699 people across all 13 regions in Saudi Arabia were interviewed. Of those, 15.2% reported that they had at least one chronic disease, 12.5% were at risk of depression, and 16.4% were regular smokers. Overall, 25.9% of participants were obese (29% of men and 26.5% of women). Less than two thirds (60.5%) of participants were physically active, with an average of 53 minutes of physical activity per day. A lack of willpower was the most-reported reason for not being active. A very small portion of participants ate fruit (5.8%) and vegetables (7.3%). During the last seven days, 19.9 % had taken supplements, and 54.65% of those reported that they used supplements for medical reasons. Conclusion Further research is needed to develop evidence-based nutrition guidelines to address food consumption and Saudi dietary habits.

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The Influence of Minority Stress on Level of Depression among Thai LGBT Adults

Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jki.v23i1.1073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Priyoth Kittiteerasack ◽

Alana Steffen ◽

Alicia Matthews

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Minority Stress ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Survey Study ◽

Stress Coping ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Identity Concealment ◽

Stress Coping Strategies ◽

And Gender

In the US, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals report higher rates of depression compared with heterosexual and cisgender persons. To date, little is known about the mental health of LGBT adults in Thailand. Here, we examined rates and correlates of depression among a volunteer sample of Thai LGBTs. Data were collected as part of a larger cross-sectional survey study. Standardized measures of sexual orientation and gender identity, stress, coping style, and minority stressors were completed. Of the 411 participants, 40.3% met the criteria for depression. In multivariate analyses, the combined influences of sociodemographic factors, general stress, coping strategies, and minority-specific stress variables explained 47.2% of the variance in depression scores (F[16,367]= 20.48, p<.001). Correlates of depression included coping strategies and minority-specific stressors, including experiences of victimization, discrimination, and level of identity concealment. Study findings have implications for psychiatric nursing practice and the development of intervention research. Abstrak Di AS, individu lesbian, gay, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) melaporkan tingkat depresi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan orang heteroseksual dan cisgender. Saat ini, sedikit yang diketahui tentang kesehatan mental pada orang dewasa dengan LGBT di Thailand. Di sini, kami meneliti tingkat dan korelasi depresi di antara sampel sukarelawan LGBT Thailand. Data dikumpulkan sebagai bagian dari studi survei cross-sectional yang lebih besar. Pengukuran terstandar terhadap orientasi seksual dan identitas gender, stres, koping, dan stresor minoritas telah selesai. Dari 411 peserta, 40,3% memenuhi kriteria untuk depresi. Dalam analisis multivariat, pengaruh gabungan faktor sosiodemografi, stres umum, strategi koping, dan variabel stres spesifik-minoritas menjelaskan 47,2% dari varians dalam skor depresi (F [16,367]= 20,48, p< 0,001). Korelasi depresi termasuk strategi koping dan stres spesifik-minoritas, termasuk pengalaman viktimisasi, diskriminasi, dan tingkat penyembunyian identitas. Temuan penelitian memiliki implikasi untuk praktik keperawatan psikiatris dan pengembangan penelitian intervensi. Kata kunci: depresi, LGBT, minoritas seksual dan gender; stres minoritas, Thailand

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Exploring Weight Stigma in Saudi Arabia: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18179141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (17) ◽

pp. 9141

Author(s):

Nora Althumiri ◽

Mada H. Basyouni ◽

Norah AlMousa ◽

Mohammed F. AlJuwaysim ◽

Adel Alhamdan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Weight Stigma ◽

Waterpipe Smoking ◽

Nutritional Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Background: Weight stigma (WS) in the Middle East, especially in Saudi Arabia, is widely ignored. People with obesity are blamed for their weight, and there is a common perception that weight stigmatization is justifiable and may motivate individuals to adopt healthier behaviors. The authors of this study aimed to explore WS prevalence and factors associated with WS in a large nationwide study of Saudi Arabian adults. Methods: This study was a nationwide cross-sectional survey conducted via phone interviews in June 2020. A proportional quota-sampling technique was adopted to obtain equal distributions of participants by age and sex across the 13 regions of Saudi Arabia. In total, 6239 people were contacted, and 4709 (75.48%) responded and completed the interview. The authors of the study collected data about WS using the Arabic Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), BMI, smoking, nutritional knowledge, bariatric surgery, risk of depression, and demographic variables. Results: Participants had a mean age of 36.4 ± 13.5 (18–90), and 50.1% were female. The prevalence of higher WS was 46.4%. Among other risk factors, there was a significant association between WS and obesity (odds ratio (OR): 3.93; 95% CI: 2.83–5.44; p < 0.001), waterpipe smoking (OR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.20–2.69; p < 0.001), bariatric surgery (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.53–2.81; p < 0.001), and risk of depression (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.36–2.09; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This was the first study to explore WS and its associated factors among adults in a community setting in Saudi Arabia. This study revealed some risk factors associated with WS that may help to identify people at risk of WS and to develop interventions to reduce WS, such as improving nutritional knowledge, correcting the ideas about bariatric surgery and obesity in general, and ceasing waterpipe smoking.

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