scholarly journals Occult Blood in Feces Is Associated with Increased Risk of Psoriasis

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hyun Jung Lee ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Hosim Soh ◽  
Seong-Joon Koh ◽  
Jong Pil Im ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Adjusted Model

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The fecal immunochemistry test (FIT) has been proposed as a surrogate marker of intestinal inflammation. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is linked to underlying systemic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We investigated the association between occult blood in feces and the risk of psoriasis using data from the National Health Insurance System. This study was conducted involving 1,395,147 individuals who underwent health examinations from January 2009 to December 2012 and were followed up until the end of 2017. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The incidence of psoriasis (per 1,000 person-years) was 3.76 versus 4.14 (FIT-negative versus FIT-positive group) during a median follow-up of 6.68 years. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the hazard ratios for psoriasis were 1.03 for one positive FIT result, 1.12 for two positive FIT results, and 1.34 for three positive FIT results compared with negative FIT results. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The risk of psoriasis was significantly increased in patients with positive FIT results compared to the FIT-negative population.

scholarly journals Loss of Nckx3 Exacerbates Experimental DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice through p53/NF-κB Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Dinh Nam Tran ◽  
Seon Myeong Go ◽  
Seon-Mi Park ◽  
Eui-Man Jung ◽  
Eui-Bae Jeung
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Microarray Analyses

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) comprises a range of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract. The incidence and prevalence of IBDs are increasing worldwide, but the precise etiology of these diseases is not completely understood. Calcium signaling plays a regulatory role in cellular proliferation. Nckx3, a potassium-dependent Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, is not only expressed in the brain but also in the aortic, uterine, and intestinal tissues, which contain abundant smooth muscle cells. This study investigated the role of Nckx3 in intestinal inflammation. Microarray analyses revealed the upregulation of the innate immune response-associated genes in the duodenum of Nckx3 knockout (KO) mice. The Nckx3 KO mice also showed an increase in IBD- and tumorigenesis-related genes. Using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced experimental colitis mice models, the Nckx3 KO mice showed severe colitis. Furthermore, the pathways involving p53 and NF-κB signaling were significantly upregulated by the absence of Nckx3. Overall, Nckx3 plays a critical role in the innate immune and immune response and may be central to the pathogenesis of IBD.

scholarly journals Microbiota-independent immunological effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Del Fabbro ◽  
Philip C. Calder ◽  
Caroline E. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The aim of the present paper is to review the effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) on immunity, focusing on their microbiota-independent mechanisms of action, as well as to explore their potential beneficial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are chronic, inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Individuals with IBD have an aberrant immune response to commensal microbiota, resulting in extensive mucosal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. NDO are prebiotic fibres well known for their role in supporting intestinal health through modulation of the gut microbiota. NDO reach the colon intact and are fermented by commensal bacteria, resulting in the production of SCFA with immunomodulatory properties. In disease states characterised by increased gut permeability, prebiotics may also bypass the gut barrier and directly interact with intestinal and systemic immune cells, as demonstrated in patients with IBD and in infants with an immature gut. In vitro models show that fructooligosaccharides, inulin and galactooligosaccharides exert microbiota-independent effects on immunity by binding to toll-like receptors on monocytes, macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells and by modulating cytokine production and immune cell maturation. Moreover, animal models and human supplementation studies demonstrate that some prebiotics, including inulin and lactulose, might reduce intestinal inflammation and IBD symptoms. Although there are convincing preliminary data to support NDO as immunomodulators in the management of IBD, their mechanisms of action are still unclear and larger standardised studies need to be performed using a wider range of prebiotics.

scholarly journals Differences in Incidence and Risks of Suicide Attempt and Suicidal Drug Overdose between Patients with Epilepsy with and without Comorbid Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4533
Author(s):  
Chi-Yu Lin ◽  
Tomor Harnod ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Wei-Chih Shen ◽  
Chia-Hung Kao
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Objective: To determine the differences in the incidences and risks of suicide attempt (SA) and suicidal drug overdose (SDO) between patients with epilepsy with and without comorbid depression by using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Methods: We analyzed data of patients (≥20 years) who had received epilepsy diagnoses between 2000 and 2012; the diagnosis date of epilepsy was defined as the index date. The epilepsy patients were divided into the cohorts, with and without comorbid depression, and compared against a cohort from the non-affected population. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals for SA and SDO in the three cohorts after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. Results: The incidences of SA and SDO in the cohort with epilepsy and depression were 42.9 and 97.4 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. The epilepsy with depression cohort had 21.3 times of SA risk; and 22.9 times of SDO risk than did the comparison cohort had a 6.03-fold increased risk of SA and a 2.56-fold increased risk of SDO than did the epilepsy patients without depression. Moreover, patients’ age <65 years, and female sex would further increase the risk of SA in patients with epilepsy and comorbid depression. Conclusion: Risks of SA and SDO in patients with epilepsy are proportionally increased when depression is coexisted. Our findings provide crucial information for clinicians and the government for suicide prevention and to question whether prescribing a large number of medications to patients with epilepsy and depression is safe.

scholarly journals Behavioral and neurophysiological taste responses to sweet and salt are diminished in a model of subclinical intestinal inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Pittman ◽  
Guangkuo Dong ◽  
Alexandra M. Brantly ◽  
Lianying He ◽  
Tyler S. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Chorda Tympani Nerve ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Taste Changes ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Fat Feeding

Abstract There is strong evidence for gut-taste bud interactions that influence taste function, behavior and feeding. However, the effect of gut inflammation on this axis is unknown despite reports of taste changes in gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory conditions. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an inflammatory stimulus derived from gram-negative bacteria, is present in the normal GI tract and levels increase during high-fat feeding and gut infection and inflammation. Recordings from the chorda tympani nerve (CT), which transmits taste information from taste buds on the anterior tongue to the brain, previously revealed a transient decrease in sucrose responses in mice that ingest LPS during a single overnight period. Here we test the effect of acute or chronic, weekly LPS gavage on licking behavior and CT responses. Using brief-access testing, rats treated with acute LPS and mice receiving acute or chronic LPS decreased licking responses to sucrose and saccharin and to NaCl in mice. In long-term (23 h) tests chronic LPS also reduced licking responses to saccharin, sucrose, and NaCl in mice. Neurophysiological recordings from the CT supported behavioral changes, demonstrating reduced responses to sucrose, saccharin, acesulfame potassium, glucose and NaCl in acute and chronic LPS groups compared to controls. Chronic LPS significantly elevated neutrophils in the small intestine and colon, but LPS was not detected in serum and mice did not display sickness behavior or lose weight. These results indicate that sweet and salt taste sensitivity could be reduced even in asymptomatic or mild localized gut inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Association between height and the risk of primary brain malignancy in adults: A nationwide population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ahn ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Jung Eun Lee ◽  
Sin-Soo Jeun ◽  
Yong Moon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
National Health Insurance System ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Brain Malignancy

Abstract Purpose The association between height and the risk of developing primary brain malignancy remains unclear. We evaluated the association between height and risk of primary brain malignancy based on a nationwide population-based database of Koreans. Methods Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort, 6,833,744 people over 20 years of age that underwent regular national health examination were followed from January 2009 until the end of 2017. We documented 4,771 cases of primary brain malignancy based on an ICD-10 code of C71 during the median follow-up period of 7.30 years and 49,877,983 person-years. Results When dividing the population into quartiles of height for each age group and sex, people within the highest height quartile had a significantly higher risk of brain malignancy, compared to those within the lowest height quartile (HR 1.21 CI 1.18–1.32) after adjusting for potential confounders. We also found that the risk of primary brain malignancy increased in proportion with the quartile increase in height. After analyzing subgroups based on older age (≥ 65) and sex, we found positive relationships between height and primary brain malignancy in all subgroups. Conclusions This study is the first to suggest that height is associated with increased risk of primary brain malignancy in the East-Asian population. Further prospective and larger studies with precise designs are needed to validate our findings.

scholarly journals Going Beyond Bacteria: Uncovering the Role of Archaeome and Mycobiome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashar Houshyar ◽  
Luca Massimino ◽  
Luigi Antonio Lamparelli ◽  
Silvio Danese ◽  
Federica Ungaro
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a multifaceted class of relapsing-remitting chronic inflammatory conditions where microbiota dysbiosis plays a key role during its onset and progression. The human microbiota is a rich community of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists, and archaea, and is an integral part of the body influencing its overall homeostasis. Emerging evidence highlights dysbiosis of the archaeome and mycobiome to influence the overall intestinal microbiota composition in health and disease, including IBD, although they remain some of the least understood components of the gut microbiota. Nonetheless, their ability to directly impact the other commensals, or the host, reasonably makes them important contributors to either the maintenance of the mucosal tissue physiology or to chronic intestinal inflammation development. Therefore, the full understanding of the archaeome and mycobiome dysbiosis during IBD pathogenesis may pave the way to the discovery of novel mechanisms, finally providing innovative therapeutic targets that can soon implement the currently available treatments for IBD patients.

scholarly journals The Risk of Later Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Dermatological Disorders Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic King ◽  
Joht Singh Chandan ◽  
Tom Thomas ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
Raoul C Reulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background Dermatological conditions such as erythema nodosum (EN), pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet’s syndrome, and aphthous stomatitis can occur with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are considered dermatological extraintestinal manifestations (D-EIMs). Rarely, they may precede IBD. Other common conditions such as psoriasis have also been associated with IBD. This study examined the risk of a subsequent IBD diagnosis in patients presenting with a D-EIM. Methods A retrospective cohort study compared patients with D-EIMs and age-/sex-matched patients without D-EIMs. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, deprivation, comorbidity, smoking, loperamide use, anemia, and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Logistic regression was used to produce a prediction model for the diagnosis of IBD within 3 years of EN diagnosis. Results We matched 7447 patients with D-EIMs (74% female; median age 38 years (interquartile ratio [IQR], 24-65 years) to 29,297 patients without D-EIMs. We observed 131 (1.8%) subsequent IBD diagnoses in patients with D-EIMs compared with 65 (0.2%) in those without D-EIMs. Median time to IBD diagnosis was 205 days (IQR, 44-661 days) in those with D-EIMs and 1594 days (IQR, 693-2841 days) in those without D-EIMs. The adjusted HR for a later diagnosis of IBD was 6.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.53-8.37; P &lt; 0.001), for ulcerative colitis the HR was 3.30 (95% CI, 1.98-5.53; P &lt; 0.001), and for Crohn’s disease the HR was 8.54 (95% CI, 5.74-12.70; P &lt; 0.001). Patients with psoriasis had a 34% increased risk of a subsequent IBD diagnosis compared with the matched control patients (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51; P &lt; 0.001). We included 4043 patients with an incident EN diagnosis in the prediction model cohort, with 87 patients (2.2%) diagnosed with IBD within 3 years. The model had a bias-corrected c-statistic of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78-0.86). Conclusions Patients with D-EIMs have a 6-fold increased risk of a later diagnosis of IBD. Younger age, smoking, low body mass index, anemia, and lower gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with an increased risk of diagnosis of IBD within 3 years in patients with EN.

scholarly journals P266 Atopic diseases are associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases: A nationwide population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S282-S283
Author(s):  
S W Hong ◽  
H Soh ◽  
H J Lee ◽  
K Han ◽  
S Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Atopic Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Atopic Diseases ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background The association between atopic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) still remains unclear. We conducted a nationwide population-based study to investigate the effect of atopic diseases on the development of IBD. Methods A total of 9,950,548 subjects who received medical check-up between 2009 and 2012 were included and followed up until 2017. The presence of any atopic disease including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma were evaluated. Patients who developed IBD including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified using the claims data from National Health Insurance. Results During a mean follow up of 7.3 years, 1,426 (0.014%) subjects developed CD and 5,916 (0.059%) subjects developed UC. The incidences of CD (per 100,000 person-years) were 4.088, 2.255, and 2.344 in patients with AD, AR, and asthma,, respectively. The incidences of UC were 11.926, 9.857, and 9.377 in patients with AD, AR, and asthma, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for incident CD in patients with AD, AR, and asthma were 2.21, 1.33, and 1.59 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.251–3.896, 1.152–1.532, and 1.186–2.123, respectively) compared with controls. The risk for incident UC in patients in AD, AR, and asthma were 1.51, 1.32, and 1.28 (95% CI 1.081–2.101, 1.235–1.416, and 1.110–1.484, respectively) compared with controls. Moreover, increase in the number of atopic diseases gradually increased the risk for CD and UC; CD showed aHR of 1.36 and 1.65 (95% CI 1.180–1.571 and 1.143–2.370), and UC showed aHR of 1.30 and 1.49 (95% CI 1.216–1.398 and 1.247-1.170) in one, and two or more atopic diseases, respectively. Conclusion Patients with any atopic diseases showed an increased risk for IBD, while an increase in the number of atopic diseases gradually increased the risk for IBD.

scholarly journals 751Investigation of the obesity paradox in kidney cancer: mystifying association or myth?

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Heath ◽  
Joanna Clasen ◽  
Elio Riboli ◽  
Ghislaine Scelo ◽  
David Muller
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Restricted Cubic Splines

Abstract Background An “obesity paradox” has been reported in kidney cancer, whereby obesity is a risk factor, yet appears to be associated with better survival. To evaluate this paradox, we investigated the association between pre-diagnostic adiposity and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence and mortality. Methods Using data from 363,521 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), Cox regression models yielded confounder-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RCC incidence and mortality in relation to BMI modelled continuously and using restricted cubic splines. RCC-specific and all-cause mortality were evaluated among cases. Results During a mean follow-up of 14.9 years, 936 incident RCC cases were identified, 383 of whom died (278 due to RCC). Each 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI was associated with 27% and 46% higher RCC incidence and mortality (HRs=1.27, 95% CI 1.18-1.37 and 1.46, 95% CI 1.28-1.66, respectively). Comparing a BMI of 35 with 22 kg/m2, HRs for RCC incidence and mortality were 1.88 (95% CI 1.54-2.30) and 2.37 (95% CI 1.68-3.35), respectively. Among RCC cases, HRs per 5 kg/m2 increment in BMI were 1.22 (95% CI 1.07-1.41) for RCC-specific mortality and 1.18 (95% CI 1.04-1.34) for all-cause mortality. Similar, positive linear associations were evident for waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio. Conclusions Obesity was associated with increased RCC incidence and mortality, and worse prognosis among cases. Key messages The kidney cancer-obesity paradox does not appear to be real. Higher adiposity is associated with an increased risk of incident and fatal RCC.

Abstract W P165: Acetaminophen Use and Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in a Hypertensive Population

Stroke ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael L Fulton ◽  
Matthew Walters ◽  
Anna Dominiczak ◽  
Gordon Mcinnes ◽  
Peter A Meredith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Matched Design ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Introduction: Recent data suggest self-reported acetaminophen use is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and that acetaminophen causes a modest rise in arterial blood pressure. There are no randomized studies, studies using verified prescription data or studies in high risk patients that investigate this relationship. Hypothesis: We aimed to assess the relationship between acetaminophen prescription data and risk of stroke and myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension. Methods: We performed a retrospective data analysis using data contained within the UK Clinical Research Practice Datalink. This includes verified prescription data. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios for stroke or MI associated with acetaminophen use over a 10-year period. Acetaminophen exposure was a time dependent variable. A propensity matched design was also used to reduce potential for confounding. Results: We included 24496 hypertensive individuals aged 65-years or older. Of these, 10878 were acetaminophen exposed and 13618 were not. There was no relationship between risk of stroke, MI or any vascular event and acetaminophen exposure on adjusted analysis (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.38; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.27; OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.37 respectively). Results in the propensity matched sample (n=4000 per group) were similar and high frequency users (defined as receiving a prescription for >75% of months) were also not at increased risk. Conclusions: In summary, use of acetaminophen was not associated with an increased risk of stroke or myocardial infarction in a large cohort of hypertensive patients.

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