Longitudinal Glycaemic Profiles during Remission in 6q24-Related Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 229-234
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Sato ◽  
Tsuyoshi Isojima ◽  
Kiyomi Takamiya ◽  
Kahoko Motoyama ◽  
Shigehiro Enkai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Transient Neonatal Diabetes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare condition that is characterized by the presence of diabetes mellitus during the first 6 months of life and remission by 18 months of age. It usually relapses at a median age of 14 years. Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia is a relatively common complication during remission. Although β-cell function is reported to be impaired at relapse, the clinical course of glycaemic profiles during remission in patients with TNDM remains largely unknown. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> Longitudinal glycaemic profiles were investigated annually from remission (185 days) to relapse (14.5 years) in a patient with TNDM due to paternal 6q24 duplication using the oral glucose tolerance test (glucose intake: 1.75 g/kg to a maximum of 75 g). The patient’s β-cell function and insulin sensitivity were assessed by calculating the insulinogenic index, homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, and Matsuda index. Early insulin response to glucose intake was impaired throughout remission, whereas fasting insulin and β-cell function by HOMA-β gradually increased in the first few years since remission, followed by a gradual decline in function. In contrast, HOMA-IR fluctuated and peaked at 6.5 years of age. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This is the first report of annual longitudinal glycaemic profiles in a patient with 6q24-related TNDM during remission. We identified fluctuations in β-cell function and insulin resistance during remission.

scholarly journals Severe Dental Disease as a Presenting Sign of Relapsed 6q24-Related Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anna Delamerced ◽  
Lauren J. Massingham ◽  
Jose Bernardo Quintos
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes ◽  
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chromosome 6Q24 ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Transient Neonatal Diabetes

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is a rare form of diabetes that presents in infancy and is characterized by intrauterine growth restriction and hyperglycemia without ketones on urinalysis. Patients are treated with insulin until remission, usually within the first year. Relapse to a permanent state may occur later in life, with a mean age of 14 years. The most common cause of TNDM is a chromosome 6q24 mutation that affects pancreatic β-cell function. Reports of relapse have been limited. We describe a case of an adolescent female with TNDM due to 6q24 hypomethylation who relapsed at 15 years of age with severe dental disease as the presenting sign.

scholarly journals Functional Status of Pancreatic α and β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Different Plasma Triglyceride Levels: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hang Guo ◽  
Chunlei Ma ◽  
Xiaoming Wu ◽  
Congqing Pan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Objective. To investigate the functional status of pancreatic α and β cells in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with different plasma triglyceride (TG) levels. TG levels can be prognostic markers for T2DM. Methods. A total of 328 patients with T2DM were divided into three groups according to different TG levels: the TGL group: TG < 1.7 mmol/L; TGM group: 1.7 mmol/L ≤ TG < 2.3 mmol/L; and TGH group: TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/L. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin release test, and glucagon release test were performed in each patient. The changes of glucagon, glucagon/insulin ratio, early insulin secretion index ( Δ I 30 / Δ G 30 ), and area under the insulin curve (AUCI) were compared among each group. Also, the correlations between glucagon and pancreatic β-cell function, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and other indices were analyzed. Results. With the increase of TG, the fasting and postprandial glucagon levels, the glucagon/insulin ratio, and the area under the glucagon curve (AUCG) presented an increasing trend. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA–IR) of the TGH group was significantly increased compared to the TGL and TGM groups. In addition to the increase in TG levels, the insulin sensitivity index (ISI), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index (HOMA-β), Δ I 30 / Δ G 30 , and AUCI displayed a reducing trend. Glucagon was negatively correlated with Δ I 30 / Δ G 30 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HOMA-β, body mass index (BMI), ISI, and AUCI ( P < 0.05 ) and positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FPG), AUCG, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, duration, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Hypertriglyceridemia aggravated the dysfunction of pancreatic α and β cells. A reasonable control of the TG level makes it easier for blood glucose to reach the standard.

scholarly journals Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) and M Value in Daily Profile of Glucose

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Ebe ◽  
Hiroshi Bando ◽  
Tetsuo Muneta ◽  
Masahiro Bando ◽  
Yoshikazu Yonei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Background: Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD) and Calorie Restriction (CR) have been on discussion for years. Authors have continued diabetic research about LCD, CR, Morbus (M) value and insulin secretion. In this study, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was investigated. Subjects and Methods: Subjects enrolled were 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (average 62.3 years). Methods included the measurement of fasting glucose and immunoreactive insulin (IRI), daily profile of blood glucose and M value. Results: The obtained data were as follows: average HbA1c 8.0%, average glucose of daily profile 222 mg/dL. Median data were M value 151, HOMA-R 1.07, HOMA-β 11.1. Divided into 4 groups due to M value, the levels of HOMA-R and HOMA-β in each group were 0.68, 1.08, 1.64, 1.38 and 16.9, 16.3, 10.2, 5.3, respectively. Significant correlation were observed between M value and HOMA-R (p<0.01), and between M value and HOMA-β (p<0.01). Discussion and Conclusion: As M value increases, HOMA-R increases and HOMA-β decreases. These findings suggested that diabetic patients would have insulin resistance and decreased β cell function correlated to the severity of diabetes, and that obtained results would become the basal data in this field, expecting the further development in the future research. Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Morbus value (M value), Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R), Homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-β), Daily profile of blood glucose, Immunoreactive insulin (IRI)

scholarly journals Leptin Levels, β-Cell Function, and Insulin Sensitivity in Families with Congenital and Acquired Generalized Lipoatropic Diabetes1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Victor C. Pardini ◽  
Ivana M. N. Victória ◽  
Selma M. V. Rocha ◽  
Danielle G. Andrade ◽  
Aline M. Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Specific Insulin

Lipoatropic diabetes (LD) designates a group of syndromes characterized by diabetes mellitus with marked insulin resistance and either a localized or generalized absence of adipose tissue. In this study, we evaluated plasma leptin levels in subjects with congenital generalized lipoatropic diabetes (CGLD, n = 11) or acquired generalized lipoatropic diabetes (AGLD, n = 11), and assessed correlations between leptin levels and estimations of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Leptin levels were 0.86 ± 0.32, 1.76 ± 0.78, and 6.9 ± 4.4 ng/mL in subjects with CGLD, AGLD, and controls (n = 19), respectively (ANOVA P &lt; 0.0001). Specific insulin levels were 154 ± 172, 177 ± 137 and 43 ± 22 pmol/L, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity was significantly decreased in both groups with LD (P&lt; 0.0001), whereas HOMA β-cell function was not significantly different when compared with controls. Leptin levels were significantly correlated with body mass index, insulin levels, and HOMA β-cell function, and inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in control subjects but not in subjects with generalized LD. In conclusion, decreased leptin levels were observed in subjects with generalized LD, with a trend towards lower levels in the acquired than in the congenital form (P = 0.06). The temporal relationship between the decrease in leptin levels and the development of lipoatrophy should be investigated in at-risk young relatives of subjects with the acquired forms to assess the usefulness of leptin levels as a marker of lipoatrophy.

scholarly journals Herbal Medicines Targeting the Improved β-Cell Functions and β-Cell Regeneration for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Akurange Sujeevi Dammadinna Wickramasinghe ◽  
Pabasara Kalansuriya ◽  
Anoja Priyadarshani Attanayake
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Glucose Transporter 2 ◽  
Β Cell Function

There is an increasing trend of investigating natural bioactive compounds targeting pancreatic β-cells for the prevention/treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). With the exploration of multiple mechanisms by which β-cells involve in the pathogenesis of DM, herbal medicines are gaining attention due to their multitasking ability as evidenced by traditional medicine practices. This review attempts to summarize herbal medicines with the potential for improvement of β-cell functions and regeneration as scientifically proven by in vivo/in vitro investigations. Furthermore, attempts have been made to identify the mechanisms of improving the function and regeneration of β-cells by herbal medicines. Relevant data published from January 2009 to March 2020 were collected by searching electronic databases “PubMed,” “ScienceDirect,” and “Google Scholar” and studied for this review. Single herbal extracts, polyherbal mixtures, and isolated compounds derived from approximately 110 medicinal plants belonging to 51 different plant families had been investigated in recent years and found to be targeting β-cells. Many herbal medicines showed improvement of β-cell function as observed through homeostatic model assessment-β-cell function (HOMA-β). Pancreatic β-cell regeneration as observed in histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in terms of increase of size and number of functional β-cells was also prominent. Increasing β-cell mass via expression of genes/proteins related to antiapoptotic actions and β-cell neogenesis/proliferation, increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via activating glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) receptors, and/or increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels were observed upon treatment of some herbal medicines. Some herbal medicines acted on various insulin signaling pathways. Furthermore, many herbal medicines showed protective effects on β-cells via reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. However, there are many unexplored avenues. Thus, further investigations are warranted in elucidating mechanisms of improving β-cell function and mass by herbal medicines, their structure-activity relationship (SAR), and toxicities of these herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Uric acid lowering improves insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized parallel-controlled clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95
Author(s):  
Qunchuan Zong ◽  
Guanyi Ma ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether uric acid lowering treatment can improve β-cell function and insulin sensitivity. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and China Biology Medicine were searched up to March 1, 2020. Rand- omized controlled clinical trials of urate lowering therapy in hyperuricemia patients were included in meta-analysis. Effect size was estimated as mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Our search yielded 7 eligible trials with 503 participants. This meta-analysis showed that uric acid-lowering thera- py decreased fasting insulin -1.43 μIU/ml (weighted mean differences (WMD, 95% CI -2.78 to -0.09), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance -0.65 (WMD, 95% CI -1.05 to -0.24), systolic blood pressure -2.45 mm Hg (WMD, 95%CI -4.57 to -0.33) and diastolic blood pressure -3.41 mm Hg (WMD, 95%CI -3.87 to -2.95). However, the treatment had no significant effect on fasting plasma glucose (WMD -0.19 mmol/L, 95%CI -0.42 to 0.05), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function index (WMD -0.02, 95%CI -0.28 to 0.24), total cholesterol (WMD 0.18 mg/dl; 95%CI, -1.39 to 1.75) and triglyceride (WMD 3.15 mg/dl, 95% CI -9.83 to 16.14). Conclusion: Uric acid-lowering therapies might improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood pressure, but had no significant effect on HOMA-β and serum lipids. Keywords: Hyperuricemia; uric acid lowering treatment; β-cell function; insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Estimates of Insulin Secretory Function in Apparently Healthy Volunteers Vary as a Function of How the Relevant Variables Are Quantified

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry R Johns ◽  
Fahim Abbasi ◽  
Gerald M Reaven
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pancreatic Β Cell ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

BACKGROUND Several surrogate estimates have been used to define relationships between insulin action and pancreatic β-cell function in healthy individuals. Because it is unclear how conclusions about insulin secretory function depend on specific estimates used, we evaluated the effect of different approaches to measurement of insulin action and secretion on observations of pancreatic β-cell function in individuals whose fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was &lt;7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL). METHODS We determined 2 indices of insulin secretion [homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and daylong insulin response to mixed meals], insulin action [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during the insulin suppression test], and degree of glycemia [fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and daylong glucose response to mixed meals] in 285 individuals with FPG &lt;7.0 mmol/L. We compared the relationship between the 2 measures of insulin secretion as a function of the measures of insulin action and degree of glycemia. RESULTS Assessment of insulin secretion varied dramatically as a function of which of the 2 methods was used and which measure of insulin resistance or glycemia served as the independent variable. For example, the correlation between insulin secretion (HOMA-β) and insulin resistance varied from an r value of 0.74 (when HOMA-IR was used) to 0.22 (when SSPG concentration was used). CONCLUSIONS Conclusions about β-cell function in nondiabetic individuals depend on the measurements used to assess insulin action and insulin secretion. Viewing estimates of insulin secretion in relationship to measures of insulin resistance and/or degree of glycemia does not mean that an unequivocal measure of pancreatic β-cell function has been obtained.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Severe Falciparum Malaria with Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1756-1759
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Muralidhar Anantrao Sangle ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Bariha
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Severe Falciparum Malaria

Insulin Resistance is a major factor among patients with critical illness due to various causes. Severe falciparum malaria with MODS diagnosed as per the criteria of MSS and admitted to the Medical ward of our hospital were assessed for IR and β cell function by using homeostasis model assessment. 75 consecutive patients of SFM admitted to the Medical ward of our hospital were included in this study. Malaria was diagnosed as per criteria of WHO and organ dysfunction was diagnosed as per Malaria Severity Score. Insulin Resistance and β cell function was assessed by using homeostasis model assessment on Day-1 and Day-7. Out of 75 patients of severe falciparum malaria with MODS 2, 3, 4, and 5 organ dysfunctions constituted 16 (21.3%), 34 (45.3%), 16 (21.3%), and 9 (12.0%) patients, respectively.Hepatic failure was the most common organ system failure (n=58; 77.3%), followed by neurological (n=50;66.6%) ,renal (n=40;53.3%), hematological (n=30; 40.0%), and, respiratory failure ( n=15; 20.0%). Hyperglycemia was present in 25 (33.3%) cases where as normoglycemia was present in 50 (66.6%) cases. The values of FBS, Tg, insulin, IR, and β cell function decreased on Day-7 compared to Day-1 after recovery from critically ill state. The patients who died had a high insulin value, IR, but low β cell dysfunction compared to the survivors. This study showed that IR and β cell dysfunction were associated with severe malaria with MODS with increased mortality.

scholarly journals Σύγκριση πλειοτροπικών δράσεων υπολιπιδαιμικών θεραπειών

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελισάβετ Μουτζούρη
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pla2 Activity ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Β Cell Function

Εισαγωγή: Οι στατίνες διαθέτουν δράσεις, οι οποίες είναι ανεξάρτητες τηςυπολιπιδαιμικής τους δράσης. Σε αυτές συμπεριλαμβάνονται κυρίως αντιφλεγμονώδεις καιαντιοξειδωτικές δράσεις, καθώς επίσης και επιδράσεις στο μεταβολισμό τους ουρικούοξέος και στο μεταβολισμό της γλυκόζης.Σκοπός: Σκοπός αυτής της διδακτορικής διατριβής ήταν η σύγκριση των επιδράσεωνδιαφορετικών στατινών ή του συνδυασμού μιας στατίνης με την εζετιμίμπη, με τις ίδιεςυπολιπιδαιμικές δράσεις, σε παραμέτρους του οξειδωτικού stress, της φλεγμονής καθώςκαι παραμέτρους του μεταβολισμού του ουρικού οξέους και του μεταβολισμού τηςγλυκόζης σε υπερχοληστερολαιμικούς ασθενείς.Μέθοδοι: Πρωτόκολλο 1 Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 153 υπερχοληστερολαιμικοίασθενείς που τυχαιοποιήθηκαν σε σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg ή σε σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη10/10 mg ή σε ροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg ημερησίως.Μετρήσαμε (πριν και μετά από 12 εβδομάδες θεραπείας):- Παραμέτρους του οξειδωτικού stress:1) 8-Epi prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epiPGF2a)2) Oxidized LDL (oxLDL)- Παραμέτρους της φλεγμονής:1) Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and mass- Παραμέτρους του μεταβολισμού της γλυκόζης:1) Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)2) Ινσουλίνη νηστείας3) Γλυκόζη νηστείας4) Γλυκοζυλιωμένη αιμοσφαιρίνη (HbA1c)5) HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-B)- Παραμέτρους του μεταβολισμού του ουρικού οξέους:1) Επίπεδα του ουρικού οξέος,2) Κλασματική απέκκριση του ουρικού οξέοςΠρωτόκολλο 2: Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 60 ασθενείς που τυχαιοποιήθηκαν σεσιμβαστατίνη 40 mg ή σε σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη 10/10 mg ημερησίως.Μετρήσαμε (πριν και μετά από 12 εβδομάδες θεραπείας):1) Τη μεμβρανική έκφραση των TLR2 και TLR4 σε περιφερικά μονοκύτταρα,2) Την επαγώμενη από λιποπολυσακχαρίτη ενδοκυττάρια έκκριση των ιντερλευκινών1β και 6.Αποτελέσματα: Πρωτόκολλο 1: Παρατηρήθηκε μια σημαντική μείωση στα επίπεδαπλάσματος των 8-ισοπροστανίων και της oxLDL σε όλες τις ομάδες [10%, 8% και 6% (p <0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές) και 41%, 40% και 39% (p < 0.001 σε σύγκριση με τιςαρχικές τιμές) για την ομάδα της σιμβαστατίνης, σιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης καιροσουβαστατίνης, αντίστοιχα]. Σε όλες τις ομάδες παρατηρήθηκε μια σημαντική μείωσητης μάζας και ενεργότητας της Lp-PLA2 (36%, 31% και 38% και 36%, 32% και 32% για τηνομάδα της σιμβαστατίνης, σιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης και ροσουβαστατίνης, αντίστοιχα, p< 0.001 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές). Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν διαφορές ανάμεσα στιςομάδες.Και οι 3 θεραπείες σχετίστηκαν με σημαντική αύξηση του δείκτη HOMA-IR και τωνεπιπέδων ινσουλίνης νηστείας (p < 0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές). Δενπαρατηρήθηκαν διαφορές ανάμεσα στις ομάδες. Δεν σημειώθηκαν αλλαγές στα επίπεδατης γλυκόζης νηστείας, της HbA1c και του δείκτη HOMA-Β.Σημαντική μείωση των επιπέδων του ουρικού οξέος παρατηρήθηκε σε όλες τιςομάδες (σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg: -5.7%, σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη 10/10 mg: -3.8% καιροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg: -3.8%; p<0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές, p=NS για τησύγκριση ανάμεσα στις 3 θεραπευτικές ομάδες). Η κλασματική έκκριση του ουρικού οξέοςαυξήθηκε, ωστόσο στατιστικά μη σημαντικά, σε όλες τις ομάδες (σιμβαστατίνη/εζετιμίμπη10/10 mg: +6.8%, σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg: +6.8% και ροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg: +5.9%). Ημείωση των επιπέδων του ουρικού οξέος συσχετιζόταν με τη με την αύξηση τηςκλασματικής απέκκρισης του ουρικού οξέος. Οι παράμετροι της νεφρικής λειτουργίαςπαρέμειναν αμετάβλητοι σε όλες τις ομάδες.Πρωτόκολλο 2: Οι υπερχοληστερολαιμικοί ασθενείς είχαν υψηλότερα επίπεδα μεμβρανικής έκφρασης TLR2 και TLR4 σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα ελέγχου (p < 0.02). Τόσο ηθεραπεία με σιμβαστατίνη όσο και η θεραπεία με το συνδυασμόσιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης οδήγησαν σε σημαντική μείωση της έκφρασης των TLR2 και 4 (p< 0.01 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές), χωρίς διαφορές ανάμεσα στις 2 ομάδες. Επιπλέονκαι οι 2 θεραπείες οδήγησαν σε συγκρίσιμες μειώσεις των επιπέδων έκφρασης της LPS-επαγώμενης ιντερλευκίνης-1β και IL-6 (p < 0.05 σε σύγκριση με τις αρχικές τιμές).Συμπεράσματα: Πρωτόκολλο 1: Η σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg, ο συνδυασμόςσιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης 10/10 mg και η ροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg μειώνουν σημαντικά ταεπίπεδα των 8-ισοπροστανίων, της oxLDL καθώς και τη μάζα και ενεργότητα της Lp-PLA2 σεπαρόμοιο βαθμό.Οι 3 παραπάνω θεραπείες δε διαφέρουν ως προς τις δράσεις τους στο μεταβολισμότης γλυκόζης.Η σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg, ο συνδυασμός σιμβαστατίνης/εζετιμίμπης 10/10 mg και ηροσουβαστατίνη 10 mg μειώνουν συγκρίσιμα τα επίπεδα του ουρικού οξέος.Πρωτόκολλο 2: Η σιμβαστατίνη 40 mg σε σύγκριση με το συνδυασμό σιμβαστατίνηςμε εζετιμίμπη 10/10 mg μείωσαν παρόμοια τα επίπεδα μεμβρανικής έκφρασης των TLR2,TLR4 και την LPS-επαγώμενη ενδοκυττάρια παραγωγή ιντερλευκίνης -1β και -6 σεπεριφερικά μονοκύτταρα υπερχοληστερολαιμικών ασθενών.

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