Low corticosterone response to stress in a perimenopausal rat model is associated with the hypoactivation of PaMP region of the PVN and can be corrected by exogenous progesterone supplementation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Rodrigues-Santos ◽  
Bruna Kalil-Cutti ◽  
Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone

The effects of exogenous progesterone supplementation in late pregnancy on gestation length and colostrum yield in ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
T.F. Crosby ◽  
P.J. Quinn ◽  
A. P. O'Donnell ◽  
P. Nowakowski ◽  
J.V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Term Labour ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The importance of falling progesterone (P4) concentrations in the initiation of parturition and the onset of lactogenesis in many species has long been recognised (Thorburn, et al., 1972). O'Doherty and Crosby (1996) reported a negative linear relationship between P4 concentration at 1 hour post lambing and colostrum yield at 1 h and total yield at 18 h. The administration of progesterone failed to delay parturition when given at a daily dose of 80 mg for a week but larger doses of progesterone (160 mg/day) blocked term labour in most sheep (Bengtsson and Schofield, 1963). The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of exogenous progesterone administration to ewes in late pregnancy on ewe serum progesterone concentrations, gestation length and colostrum yield and quality.

scholarly journals Intra-adrenal mechanisms in the response to chronic stress: investigation in a rat model of emotionality

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Kosti ◽  
P W Raven ◽  
D Renshaw ◽  
J P Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Adrenocortical Responses

The exploratory behaviour of the genetically derived Maudsley rat model of emotionality has been well characterized. Maudsley reactives (MR) present with more ‘anxious-like’ behaviour than Maudsley nonreactives (MNR). Although this behaviour is assumed to be associated with altered adrenocortical function, the few studies addressing this issue have produced inconsistent findings. We therefore set out to investigate the adrenal endocrinology of the MR and MNR strains. Control Wistars, the ancestors of the Maudsleys, have been used for the first time to set the baseline for all the experiments carried out. It was found that the MNR strain had a significantly blunted adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) response to restraint stress compared with Wistars, but a normal corticosterone response. Conversely, the MR had a significantly exaggerated ACTH response to restraint stress, but a normal corticosterone response. This finding suggested that the MR adrenal is less sensitive to ACTH than the MNR. This was confirmed by investigating the corticosterone dose–response to ACTH in adrenals from the two strains incubated in vitro. Several possible intra-adrenal regulators were investigated, but the only significant molecular difference in the adrenal glands from the two strains was the level of expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is known to be a stress-responsive peptide in the adrenal. We propose that intra-adrenal NPY is responsible for blunting adrenocortical responses to ACTH stimulation in the MR strain. The observed changes in adrenal NPY suggest that this rat strain may serve as a model of chronic stress, with the MR phenotype representing maladaptation.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone response to stress in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. R1332-R1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Suchecki ◽  
Sergio Tufik
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Adrenal Response

Twenty-four hours of maternal deprivation result in activation of the infant rat’s adrenocortical axis. In the present study we examined the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone (Cort) response to stress. Pups were maternally deprived (Dep) on postnatal day( PND) 11 and tested immediately ( PND 12) or returned to their mothers and tested at later ages. Testing consisted of a time course of the Cort response to a saline injection (5, 15, 30, and 60 min). At PND 12, the response of Dep pups was higher than that of nondeprived (non-Dep) pups. No group differences were observed at PND 16 and 22. On PND 30, Dep rats showed lower Cort levels than non-Dep pups at 0, 5, and 30 min after saline. At PND 60, non-Dep females showed higher Cort levels than males at 5, 15, and 30 min. This gender difference for Dep pups was observed only at 5 min. Male and female Dep animals presented lower Cort levels than non-Dep counterparts at 60 and 30 min after saline, respectively. These findings indicate that maternal deprivation effects on Cort secretion are long lasting. Dep rats showed a smaller adrenal response to stress at PND 30, whereas as adults the stress response was similar but the turnoff was different.

Effects of naloxone on corticosterone response to stress

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter N. Tapp ◽  
James C. Mittler ◽  
Benjamin H. Natelson
Keyword(s):  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response

scholarly journals Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a novel model to study the relationship between the avian microbiome and microbial endocrinology-based host-microbe interactions

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Lyte ◽  
James Keane ◽  
Julia Eckenberger ◽  
Nicholas Anthony ◽  
Sandip Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Unique Region ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Microbial endocrinology, which is the study of neuroendocrine-based interkingdom signaling, provides a causal mechanistic framework for understanding the bi-directional crosstalk between the host and microbiome, especially as regards the effect of stress on health and disease. The importance of the cecal microbiome in avian health is well-recognized, yet little is understood regarding the mechanisms underpinning the avian host-microbiome relationship. Neuroendocrine plasticity of avian tissues that are focal points of host-microbiome interaction, such as the gut and lung, has likewise received limited attention. Avian in vivo models that enable the study of the neuroendocrine dynamic between host and microbiome are needed. As such, we utilized Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) that diverge in corticosterone response to stress to examine the relationship between stress-related neurochemical concentrations at sites of host-microbe interaction, such as the gut, and the cecal microbiome. Results Our results demonstrate that birds which contrast in corticosterone response to stress show profound separation in cecal microbial community structure as well as exhibit differences in tissue neurochemical concentrations and structural morphologies of the gut. Changes in neurochemicals known to be affected by the microbiome were also identified in tissues outside of the gut, suggesting a potential relationship in birds between the cecal microbiome and overall avian physiology. Conclusions The present study provides the first evidence that the structure of the avian cecal microbial community is shaped by selection pressure on the bird for neuroendocrine response to stress. Identification of unique region-dependent neurochemical changes in the intestinal tract following stress highlights environmental stressors as potential drivers of microbial endocrinology-based mechanisms of avian host-microbiome dialogue. Together, these results demonstrate that tissue neurochemical concentrations in the avian gut may be related to the cecal microbiome and reveal the Japanese quail as a novel avian model in which to further examine the mechanisms underpinning these relationships.

scholarly journals The inadequate corpus luteum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Colin Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Therapeutic Administration

The corpus luteum is the source of progesterone in the luteal phase of the cycle and the initial two-thirds of the first trimester of pregnancy. Normal luteal function is required for fertility and the maintenance of pregnancy. Progesterone administration is increasingly used during fertility treatments and in early pregnancy to mitigate potentially inadequate corpus luteum function. This commentary considers the concept of the inadequate corpus luteum and the role and effects of exogenous progesterone. Progesterone supplementation does have important beneficial effects but we should be wary of therapeutic administration beyond or outside the evidence base.

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