Comparative Impact of Isolated Ultrafiltration and Hemodialysis on Fluid Distribution: A Bioimpedance Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuki Akiyama ◽  
Ryo Matsuoka ◽  
Takahiro Masuda ◽  
Sumiya Iwamoto ◽  
Shun Sugie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Osmolal Gap

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Isolated ultrafiltration (IUF) is an alternative treatment for diuretic-resistant patients with fluid retention. Although hemodialysis (HD) predominantly decreases extracellular water (ECW), the impact of IUF on fluid distribution compared with HD remains unclear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We compared the effect of HD (<i>n</i> = 22) and IUF (<i>n</i> = 10) sessions on the body fluid status using a bioimpedance analysis device (InBody S10). <b><i>Results:</i></b> The total ultrafiltration volume was similar between HD and IUF (HD 2.5 ± 0.3 vs. ICF 2.1 ± 0.3 L/session, <i>p</i> = 0.196). The reduction rate of ECW was significantly higher than that of intracellular water (ICW) after HD (ECW −7.9% ± 0.8% vs. ICW −3.0% ± 0.9%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) and IUF (ECW −5.8% ± 0.9% vs. ICW -3.6% ± 0.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.048). However, the change in the ratio of ECW to total body water in HD was significantly larger than that in IUF (HD −3.2% ± 0.3% vs. ICF −1.1% ± 0.4%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). The reduction rates in serum tonicity (effective osmolality) were higher after HD than after IUF (HD −1.8% ± 0.5% vs. IUF −0.6% ± 0.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.052). Among the components of effective osmolality, the reduction rates of serum K<sup>+</sup> and glucose levels after HD were significantly higher than those after IUF (serum K<sup>+</sup>: HD −30.5% ± 1.6% vs. IUF −0.5% ± 3.8%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001; serum glucose: HD −15.4% ± 5.0% vs. IUF 0.7% ± 4.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.026), while the serum Na<sup>+</sup> level was slightly and similarly reduced (HD −0.8% ± 0.4% vs. IUF −0.8% ± 0.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.500). The reduction in the osmolal gap value (measured osmolality–calculated osmolarity) was significantly greater after HD sessions than after IUF sessions (HD −12.4 ± 1.4 vs. IUF 2.0 ± 1.0 mOsm/kg, <i>p</i> = 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The extracellular fluid reduction effect of HD is stronger than that of IUF. The different changes in effective osmolality and osmolal gap after HD and IUF sessions may be related to the different effects of HD and IUF on fluid distribution.

scholarly journals Role of Green Tea on Obesity and Type-II Diabetes Mellitus Male Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Tazeen Shah ◽  
Saira Dars ◽  
Saima Ashfaque Sheikh ◽  
Farheen Shaikh ◽  
Shafaq Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Total Body

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Green tea on obesity and hyperglycemia. Methodology: This observational study was carried out at the department of physiology, in affiliation to Medical Research Centre Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro. The sample was collected by convenient random sampling. Total 100 participants, 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics were enrolled. Informed written consent was taken from participants. The body mass index (BMI) of the participants was taken at the time of recruitment, and later at 16 weeks of consuming green tea. The serum glucose levels were assessed by fasting (FBS) and random blood sugar (RBS) levels, and HbA1C. The levels of serum Blood glucose were obtained with the glucose oxidase method. Data analysis was done on SPSS 21.0, analysis of variables was done by applying student t-test, the p-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results:100 participants recruited out of which 50 controls and 50 obese diabetics men, it was found that the prolong consumption of green tea for 16 weeks with 20-30 minutes’ walk had statistically significant declined in FBS, RBS, HbA1c, and BMI in the obese diabetic subjects, as compared to the controls. Conclusion: This study concludes that the green tea has positive effect in reducing the total body weight and BMI and helps in maintaining the normoglycemic levels in Type 2 DM.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Leszczyńska ◽  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals The impact of total body water on breath alcohol calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 535-541
Author(s):  
Gregor S. Reiter ◽  
Markus Boeckle ◽  
Christian Reiter ◽  
Monika H. Seltenhammer
Keyword(s):  
Total Body Water ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Breath Alcohol ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Summary Due to a legislative amendment in Austria to determine breath alcohol (BrAC) instead of blood alcohol (BAC) in connection with traffic offences, many results of blood alcohol calculations were simply converted using distinct conversion factors. In Austria, the transformation of BAC to BrAC was carried out by using a factor of 1:2000, which, however, is commonly known to be too low. Noticing the great demand for a calculation method that is not exclusively based on blood alcohol, a formula for calculating breath alcohol based on blood alcohol was published in 1989, but in which the body surface area (BSA) was considered the most important influencing variable. In order to refine this new method, a liquor intake experiment was conducted combined with measurements of total body water (TBW) as an additional variable, using hand to foot bioelectrical impedance assessment (BIA). The test group comprised 37 men and 40 women to evaluate the accuracy of TBW and BSA as an individual parameter for alcohol concentration. The correlation coefficient of BrAC with TBW was constantly higher than with BSA (maximum = 0.921 at 1 h and 45 min after cessation of alcohol intake). These results are valid for both men and women as well as in a gender independent calculation. Hence, for an accurate back calculation of BrAC adjusted values of eliminations rates had to be found. This study describes mean elimination rates of BrAC for both men (0.065 ± 0.011 mg/L h−1) and women (0.074 ± 0.017 mg/L h−1). As previously shown women displayed a significantly higher elimination rate than men (p = 0.006).

Macronutrients and fibre requirements during pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sir Peter Gluckman ◽  
Mark Hanson ◽  
Chong Yap Seng ◽  
Anne Bardsley
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Embryonic And Fetal Development ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter, the impact of varying intakes of protein, carbohydrate and lipids, which are the key nutrients that contribute to calorie intake, is examined. Fibre is also an important food component that needs to be considered. The maternal macronutrient profile can influence embryonic and fetal development. For instance, both low and excessively high protein intakes during pregnancy are associated with restricted growth, increased adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. High-fat maternal diets can significantly increase the susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and percentage total body fat in offspring, although types of fats need to be considered, as intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids is important for fetal development. The type and content of carbohydrate (high- vs low-glycaemic sources) in the maternal diet influences blood glucose concentration, which has a direct effect on fetal glucose levels and metabolism.

Hydration of fat-free body in protein-depleted patients

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. E227-E233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Beddoe ◽  
S. J. Streat ◽  
G. L. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Total Body

It is widely believed that increased hydration of the fat-free body accompanies most major disease processes as a result of contraction of the body cell mass and expansion of the extracellular fluid. Measurements of total body water (TBW) and total body nitrogen in 68 normal volunteers and 95 surgical ward patients presenting for intravenous nutrition have been used to derive ratios of TBW to fat-free mass (TBW:FFM) and protein indices (PI), where PI is defined as the ratio of measured total body protein to predicted TBP. Mean values of PI were 1.009 +/- 0.116 (SD) and 0.783 +/- 0.152 in the normal and patient groups, respectively, corresponding to mean TBW:FFM ratios of 0.719 +/- 0.016 and 0.741 +/- 0.029. However, 48 patients had normal TBW:FFM despite having lost 15% of body protein. A theoretical model of body composition changes in catabolic illness is presented, which is in accord with the patient data, demonstrating that TBW:FFM does not necessarily increase in catabolic illness and that the ratio masks underlying shifts in body fluid compartments.

Changes in Levels of Serum Insulin, C-Peptide and Glucose after Electroacupuncture and Diet Therapy in Obese Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Tuğrul Cabıoğlu ◽  
Neyhan Ergene
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Restriction Group

Our purpose was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy on body weight and on levels of serum insulin, c-peptide and glucose in obese women. 52 healthy women were included in this study and were allocated into three groups: 1) Placebo EA group ( n = 15; mean age = 41.8 ± 4.6 and mean body mass index { BMI } = 33.2 ± 3.5); 2) EA group ( n = 20; mean age = 42.1 ± 4.4 and BMI = 35.9 ± 3.6) and 3) Diet restriction group ( n = 20; mean age = 42.9 ± 4.3 and BMI = 34.7 ± 2.7). EA was applied to the ear points Hunger and Shen Men on alternating days and to the body points LI 4, LI 11, St 36 and St 44 once a day for 30 minutes over 20 days. Diet restriction that entailed a 1450 kilocalorie (kcal) diet program was applied to the three groups for 20 days. An increase in weight loss was observed when weight loss in the EA group (p < 0.000) was compared to that in the diet restricted and placebo EA groups using the Tukey HSD test. There were increases in the serum insulin (p < 0.001) and c-peptide levels (p < 0.000) in the women treated with EA compared to those in the women treated with the placebo EA and diet restriction groups. A decrease was observed in the glucose levels (p < 0.01)in both the EA and diet restriction groups compared to those in the placebo EA group. Our results suggest that EA therapy is an effective method in treating obesity. EA therapy also helps serum glucose levels to decrease through the increase of serum insulin and c-peptide levels.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluid Ratio for the Varying Body Impedances in Fixed Total Body Fluid

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JungHun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Fluid Status ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Frequency Current

A bioelectrical impedance analysis is a proven method to measure body composition in clinical situations. It uses the relation between the body fluid and the impedances in a variety of frequencies. A body model can be simplified as a parallel combination of a capacitor and two resistors which represent a cell membrane, Intracellular Fluid (ICF), and Extracellular Fluid (ECF). Low frequency current passes through ECF and high frequency current also passes through ICF in a body. A Cole-Cole plot is a graphical interpretation of the path of impedances and each axis represents resistance and reactance with variable frequencies. A high value of resistance in a horizontal axis is a resistance value of ECF and a low value of resistance at a high frequency presents ICF. Interpolation technique is needed to find out the exact cross-point between impedance values and the horizontal axis. The two estimated impedance values are used to derive Total Body Water (TBW), ICF, ECF, Fat Free Mass (FFM), and Fat Mass (FM) from various published equations [1]. Minimizing the possible error of fluid volume assessment and accurate prediction of fluid status in a human body is essential for appropriate therapy. Different techniques of fluid status assessment in a human body can be applicable, such as physical examination, orthostatic vital signs, blood volume measurement, acoustic cardiograph, chest radiography, and thoracic ultrasonography [2]. In this study, a bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy device and simple body models were used to collect data such as TBW, ICF, ECF, FM, and FFM. The ratio between ICF and ECF was investigated for the same values of TBW, FM, and FFM by varying impedance values.

scholarly journals Gambaran kadar kalium serum pada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5 non dialisis di Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Sandala ◽  
Arthur E. Mongan ◽  
Maya F. Memah
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Total Body

Abstract: Potassium is the main intracellular ion in the body and plays a key role in maintaining cell function. Total body potassium distributed 98% in intracellular and 2% in extracellular fluid. A slight change in the distribution of these can cause hypokalemia or hyperkalemia. A healthy kidney has great capacity to maintain potassium homeostasis in the cace of excess potassium. The kidney is primarily responsible for maintaining total body potassium content by matching potassium intake with potassium excretion. This study aimed to obtain the profile of potassium serum in non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado. This was an obsevartional descriptive study. There were 35 blood samples obtained from patients in Nephrology-Hypertension Polyclinic and IRINA of Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Hospital and Teling Adventist Hospital. There were 11 samples (31,4%) with hypokalemia consisted of 6 home-care patients (35.3%) and 5 hospital-care patients (27.8%), 15 samples (42.9%) were in normal range consisted of 8 home-care patients (47.1%) and 7 hospital-care patients (38.9%), and 9 samples (25.7%) with hyperkalemia consisted of 3 home-care patients (17.6%) and 6 hospital-care patients (33,3%) from total non-dialysis CKD stage 5 samples resulted from laboratory examination. Conclusion: In non dialysis CKD stage 5 patients in Manado, normokalemia was the most common found than hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Keywords: potassium, chronic kidney disease stage 5, non dialysis. Abstrak: Kalium adalah ion intraseluler utama dalam tubuh dan berperan penting dalam menjaga fungsi sel. Kalium tubuh total terdistribusi 98% intrasel dan 2% ekstrasel. Sedikit saja terjadi perubahan dalam distribusi ini dapat menyebabkan hipokalemia atau hiperkalemia. Ginjal yang sehat memiliki kapasitas yang besar untuk mempertahankan homeostasis kalium dalam menghadapi kalium yang berlebih. Ginjal bertanggung jawab dalam menjaga kadar kalium tubuh total dengan mencocokkan asupan kalium dan ekskresi kalium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar kalium serum pada pasien PGK non dialisis stadium 5 di Manado. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif obsevasional. Sampel darah diambil dari pasien di Poliklinik Nefrologi-Hipertensi dan IRINA Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUP Prof. DR. R. D. Kandou Manado dan RS Advent Teling sebanyak 35 sampel. Hasil: penelitian mendapatkan 11 orang yang mengalami hipokalemia (31,4%) diantaranya 6 orang pasien rawat jalan (35,3%) dan 5 orang pasien rawat inap (27,8%); 15 orang dalam batas nilai normal (42,9%) diantaranya 8 orang pasien rawat jalan (47,1%) dan 7 orang pasien rawat inap (38,9%); serta 9 orang mengalami hiperkalemia (25,7%) diantaranya 3 orang pasien rawat jalan (17,6%) dan 6 orang pasien rawat inap (33,3%) dari jumlah total pasien terdiagnosis dokter PGK stadium 5 non dialisis yang didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Simpulan: Pada pasien PGK non-dialisis stadium 5 di Manado, normokalemia yang paling sering ditemukan dibandingkan hiper dan hipokalemia.Kata kunci: kalium serum, penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5, non dialisis

Ion and Water Balance in the Ixodid Tick Dermacentor Andersoni

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-536
Author(s):  
W. R. KAUFMAN ◽  
J. E. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dermacentor Andersoni ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

1. Of the total meal imbibed by female Dermacentor andersoni during the normal adult feeding cycle, about 80% is excreted. Of the total water excreted by the tick, 75% is removed by salivation, less than 3% is evaporated from the integument and spiracles, and the remainder is lost via the anus. 2. Of the total excreted sodium and potassium, 4 and 82% respectively are lost via the anus. The remainder in each case is presumed excreted via the salivary glands. 3. The ionic and osmotic concentrations of the haemolymph and saliva stabilize at constant values by the third or fourth day of feeding. The volume of extracellular fluid is constantly maintained at 23% of the body weight, even though the total body weight increases 75 times over the unfed weight, and the volume of excreted fluid passing through the haemolymph is about ten times the haemolymph volume at repletion.

Abstract 3683: Gender Difference in the Impact of Fasting Serum Glucose Level on Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Korea Medical Insurance Corporation Study

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Vogue Ahn ◽  
Hyeon Chang Kim ◽  
Chung Mo Nam ◽  
Hyun Chul Lee ◽  
Il Suh
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Fasting Serum Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Diabetic women have a greater relative risk of coronary heart disease than diabetic men. However, gender difference in the impact of blood glucose levels below diabetic range on risk of coronary heart disease is unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the association between nondiabetic blood glucose levels and the incident risk of coronary heart disease is different in men and women. Methods: We measured fasting serum glucose levels and other cardiovascular risk factors in 172,580 Koreans (108,461 men and 64,119 women), aged 35–59 years in 1990 and 1992. Our primary outcomes were hospital admissions and deaths from coronary heart disease in 11 year follow-up from 1993 to 2003. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios for coronary heart disease according to the baseline fasting serum glucose levels, after adjustment for age, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol level, and cigarette smoking. Results: During the 11 years, 3,769 coronary heart disease events occurred. Risk of coronary heart disease in men was significantly increased at fasting serum glucose levels of diabetic range (≥ 126 mg/dL), although risk of coronary heart disease in women was significantly increased from impaired fasting glucose levels ≥ 110 mg/dL. In fasting serum glucose levels ≥ 110 mg/dL, the hazard ratios for coronary heart disease incidence were higher in women than in men compared with women and men with fasting glucose levels <80mg/dL, respectively. There was no association between impaired fasting glucose from 100 to 109 mg/dL and risk of coronary heart disease neither in men nor in women. Conclusions: The stronger impact of fasting serum glucose levels on relative risk of coronary heart disease in women compared with in men was significant from impaired fasting glucose levels ≥ 110 mg/dL. Adjusted Hazard Ratios (HRs) for Coronary Heart Disease by Fasting Serum Glucose Levels

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