Dear Body… An Explorative Study on Anomalous Bodily Experiences in Persons with Feeding and Eating Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Milena Mancini ◽  
Silvio Mignogna ◽  
Giovanni Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Consensual Qualitative Research ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Feeding And Eating Disorders ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Embodied Self

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the study was to provide a qualitative analysis of anomalous bodily experiences (ABEs) of persons affected by feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). In particular, this study aimed to refine the description of bodily experiences in persons with FEDs so as to improve their treatment. <b><i>Sampling and Methods:</i></b> This is a naturalistic explorative study on a group of 29 patients affected by FED in psychotherapeutic treatment and 12 healthy controls. We asked the participants to write a letter on the way they experience their body. Later, we analysed their letters by means of consensual qualitative research. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All patients (29) reported at least 1 ABE. The main categories identified are (1) body-obstacle (<i>the body interposes between the person and the world</i>); (2) body-tyrant (<i>the body imposes itself on the will of the person</i>); (3) body-hyper-visible (<i>the body is experienced as an exposed object</i>); (4) body-geometric (<i>the body is experienced or associated with a geometric form</i>); and (5) body-numerical (<i>the body is defined by numbers</i>). All these categories are present in the clinical group, and they are absent in the control group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> To grasp the experiential nuances of ABEs is relevant to understand the disorder of embodied self-hood and personal identity in these patients and thus to refine clinical treatment.

scholarly journals Movement Patterns in Students Diagnosed with ADHD, Objective Measurement in a Natural Learning Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3870
Author(s):  
Mireia Sempere-Tortosa ◽  
Francisco Fernández-Carrasco ◽  
Ignasi Navarro-Soria ◽  
Carlos Rizo-Maestre
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most common neuropsychological disorder in childhood and adolescence, affecting the basic psychological processes involved in learning, social adaptation and affective adjustment. From previous research, the disorder is linked to problems in different areas of development, with deficiencies in psychological processes leading to the development of the most common characteristics of the disorder such as inattention, excess of activity and lack of inhibitory control. As for the diagnosis, in spite of being a very frequent disorder, there are multiple controversies about which tools are the most suitable for evaluation. One of the most widespread tools in the professional field is behavior inventories such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires for Parents and Teachers or the ADHD Rating Scale-V. The main disadvantage of these assessment tools is that they do not provide an objective observation. For this reason, there are different studies focused on recording objective measures of the subjects’ movement, since hyperkinesia is one of the most characteristic symptoms of this disorder. In this sense, we have developed an application that, using a Kinect device, is capable of measuring the movement of the different parts of the body of up to six subjects in the classroom, being a natural context for the student. The main objective of this work is twofold, on the one hand, to investigate whether there are correlations between excessive movement and high scores in the inventories for the diagnosis of ADHD, Rating Scale-V and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and, on the other hand, to determine which sections of the body present the most significant mobility in subjects diagnosed with ADHD. Results show that the control group, composed of neurotypical subjects, presents less kinaesthetic activity than the clinical group diagnosed with ADHD. This indicates that the experimental group presents one of the main characteristics of the disorder. In addition, results also show that practically all the measured body parts present significant differences, being higher in the clinical group, highlighting the head as the joint with the highest effect size.

‘The sickness stands at your shoulder …’: Embodiment and cognitive metaphor in Hornbacher’sWasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Senkbeil ◽  
Nicola Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Marya Hornbacher ◽  
Linguistic Approaches

This paper applies cognitive linguistic approaches, particularly conceptual metaphor theory, to the study of literature, and analyses how Wasted: A Memoir of Anorexia and Bulimia (1998) by Marya Hornbacher communicates embodied experiences such as sickness, hunger, and (self-)loathing with the help of conceptual metaphors. It explores how the author renegotiates and partly recontextualizes highly conventionalized metaphors around eating disorders, mental illness, and identity to create new meaning, and how this strategy helped explain the mindset of a person with anorexia and bulimia to a broad critical readership in the late 1990s. This paper hence hypothesizes that the book’s emphasis on metaphors as a means to articulate bodily experiences surrounding a mental disorder may hint towards larger trends concerning the representation of the body–mind relationship in literature and culture in the last two decades.

Body-Related Behaviours and Cognitions in the Eating Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reena Amin ◽  
Clara Strauss ◽  
Glenn Waller
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Eating Disordered ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Different body-related behaviours and cognitions (checking, avoidance, comparison, display) have been shown to be related to unhealthy eating attitudes in a non-clinical sample. Aims: This study tested whether the use of body-related behaviours is higher in eating-disordered women than in non-clinical women. It also examined whether the use of body-related behaviours is associated with psychological characteristics (particularly anxiety, depression and narcissistic characteristics), controlling for age and eating pathology. Method: Ninety-nine adult women with diagnosed eating disorders (mean age = 30.4 years, SD = 9.44; mean body mass index = 21.9, SD = 6.39) completed standardized measures of eating pathology, anxiety and depression, narcissistic characteristics, and body-related behaviours and cognitions. Results: The Body-Related Behaviours Scale (BRBS) had acceptable levels of internal consistency in this group, and its scales were only weakly to moderately correlated with each other. There were no differences between diagnostic groups, but the clinical group had higher scores that a previous non-clinical sample on three of the scales. The four body-related behaviours had different patterns of association with eating pathology, depression and narcissistic features. However, anxiety was not associated with BRBS scores. Conclusions: The findings support the importance of a wide range of body-related behaviours and cognitions in understanding the eating disorders. However, the lack of an association with anxiety is counter to the suggestion that the various behaviours measured by the BRBS reflect safety behaviours on the part of sufferers. Depression and narcissistic features might be more important in maintaining such behaviours.

Father–daughter relationship and the severity of eating disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Horesh ◽  
E. Sommerfeld ◽  
M. Wolf ◽  
E. Zubery ◽  
G. Zalsman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eating Attitude ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attitude Test ◽  
Mother Daughter Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Attributes

AbstractBackground:Mother–daughter relationship was the focus of studies on the development of eating disorders (ED) for many years. This study aimed to examine the association between the father–daughter relationship and ED and depressive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-three women diagnosed with ED were compared to a psychiatric control group (n = 26) and to healthy participants (n = 60) regarding their perception of their fathers and the relationship with them. Assessments were done using the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Eating Disorders Questionnaire, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Eating Attitude Test, and the Beck Depression Inventory as well as narrative-based methods.Results:Fathers’ negative attributes were significantly associated with ED and depressive symptom. Two profiles of father–daughter relationship were found, the “caring and benevolent” relationship and the “overprotective and avoidant” one. In the latter, patients displayed significantly higher levels of food-restraint, more concerns about eating and about their body shape and appearance, and higher levels of depression.Discussion:Negative perception of the father's parenting style as well as the quality of the relationship with him are crucial for the understanding of the development and persistence of ED. Therapeutic programs for ED should focus not only on the relationship with the mother but must also address the relationship with the father.

Personality trait risk factors for attempted suicide among young women with eating disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Youssef ◽  
B. Plancherel ◽  
J. Laget ◽  
M. Corcos ◽  
M.F. Flament ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group

AbstractObjectiveClinical observations and a review of the literature led us to hypothesize that certain personality and character traits could provide improved understanding, and thus improved prevention, of suicidal behaviour among young women with eating disorders.MethodThe clinical group consisted of 152 women aged between 18 and 24 years, with DSM-IV anorexia nervosa/restrictive type (AN-R = 66), anorexia nervosa/purging type (AN-P = 37), bulimia nervosa/non-purging type (BN-NP = 9), or bulimia nervosa/purging type (BN-P = 40). The control group consisted of 140 subjects. The assessment measures were the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—second version (MMPI-2) scales and subscales, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) used to control for current depressive symptoms, plus a specific questionnaire concerning suicide attempts.ResultsSuicide attempts were most frequent in subjects with purging behaviour (30.0% for BN-P and 29.7% for AN-P). Those attempting suicide among subjects with eating disorders were mostly students (67.8%). For women with AN-R the scales for ‘Depression’ and ‘Antisocial practices’ represented significant suicidal risk, for women with AN-P the scales for ‘Hysteria’, ‘Psychopathic deviate’, ‘Shyness/Self-consciousness’, ‘Antisocial Practices’, ‘Obsessiveness’ and ‘Low self-esteem’ were risk indicators and for women with BN-P the ‘Psychasthenia’, ‘Anger’ and ‘Fears’ scales were risk indicators.ConclusionThis study provides interesting results concerning the personality traits of young women with both eating disorders and suicidal behaviour. Students and those with purging behaviour are most at risk. Young women should be given more attention with regard to the risk of suicide attempts if they: (a) have AN-R with a tendency to self-punishment and antisocial conduct, (b) have AN-P with multiple physical complaints, are not at ease in social situations and have antisocial behaviour, or (c) if they have BN-P and tend to be easily angered with obsessive behaviour and phobic worries. The MMPI-2 is an interesting assessment method for the study of traits indicating a risk of suicidal behaviour in young subjects, after controlling for current depressive pathology.

scholarly journals P0757THO ROLE OF MARKERS TO ASSESS RISK FOR DEVELOPING CARDIORENAL SYNDROME

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Tasic ◽  
Sonja Radenkovic ◽  
Gordana Kocic ◽  
Mileta Poskurica ◽  
Dijana Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Good Clinical Practice ◽  
Cardiorenal Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Medical Standards ◽  
Evaluation And Monitoring

Abstract Background and Aims Biomarkers are circulating proteins and metabolites, which are released in the body fluids from the damaged organ or tissue is detected specific essays and plays a role in the diagnosis, evaluation and monitoring of patients. Today there is a large number of markers that assess the intensity of pro-inflammatory and oxidative processes in the cardio-renal syndrome, whose determination would have great diagnostic and prognostic significance. The aim of our investigation was to identifying which of the examined parameters stand out as independent risk factors for the development of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Method The study included 114 subjects older than 18 years, of both sexes, divided into clinical and control group. The control group was consisted of 35 healthy males and females with similar characteristics as well as clinical groups. The clinical group was consisted of 79 patients: 40 (50.63%) male and 39 (49.37%) female, mean age of 70.72 ± 9.26 years, diagnosed on the basis of the current classification of cardiorenal syndrome. The respondents were familiar with the case studies and signed informative consent. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration on Medical standards of Good Clinical Practice. Results With correlation analysis of examined biomarkers in respondents of the clinical group was established positive correlation between plasma BNP and IL-8 (r = 0.383, p = 0.006), BNP and cTnhsT (r = 0.518, p = 0.001) BNP and cystatin C (r = 0.447, p = 0.001) and BNP and CRP (r = 0.306, p = 0.046), while a negative correlation was observed between the BNP and the activities of MDA (r = - 383, p = 0.007). Negative correlations were also between the activity of the MDA and the IL-8 concentration (r = -0.237, p = 0.038), and MDA cTnhsT (r = -0.321, p = 0.009) and MDA and cystatin C (r = -0.315, p = 0.005 ). XOD activity cost was positively correlated with the XD (r = 0.942, p &lt;0.001), and the activity of XO was positively associated with TnI (r = 0.522, p = 0.009) and negatively correlated with the XD (r = -0.423, p &lt;0.001 ). The concentration of IL-8 was positively associated with cTnhsT concentrations (r = 0.427, p &lt;0.001) and with concentrations of CRP (r = 0.411, p = 0.001), the concentration of PAI-1 with cTnhsT concentration (r = 0.558, p &lt;0.001), with TnI concentration cTnhsT (r = 0.852, p &lt;0.001), and cTnhsT with cystatin C (r = 0.338, p = 0.006) and CRP (r = 0.358, p = 0.011). Cystatin C stood positively related to the concentration of CRP (r = 0.510, p &lt;0.001). Conclusion Early detection of occurrence of functional and structural damage to the heart and kidneys, highly sensitive and specific markers would enable not only their discovery, but also prevention and treatment.

Attachment to parents and friends and body dissatisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452096215
Author(s):  
Isabel Laporta-Herrero ◽  
Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera ◽  
Belén Barajas-Iglesias ◽  
Eduardo Serrano-Troncoso ◽  
Miguel Garcia-Argibay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
The Relationship

The study of attachment is a valuable theoretical framework to understand the influence of parents and friends on the evolution and development of adolescents. This study aimed to determine parents’ and peers’ attachment style, the relationship between parents’ and peers’ attachment and body dissatisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders (ED), and to compare it with a control group. The sample consisted of 260 adolescents ( Mage = 15.35, SDage = 1.461): a control group consisting of 129 non-clinical subjects and an ED group composed by 131 adolescents diagnosed with ED who attended five ED units located in different regions of Spain. They completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). Adolescents with ED have less trust with their parents, worse communication with their parents and peers, and greater alienation with fathers and peers. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between parents’ attachment and body dissatisfaction in both groups. In ED group, peers’ alienation was positively correlated to body dissatisfaction. Parental attachment and alienation feelings with peers could influence body dissatisfaction in ED adolescents.

Interoception and Its Role for Eating, Obesity, and Eating Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-205
Author(s):  
Beate M. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disordered Eating Behavior ◽  
Embodied Self ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The importance of the sense of ourselves from within for understanding adaptive behavior and psychopathology has been increasingly recognized during the last decades. Interoception builds the foundation of our embodied self and dysfunctional interoception lies at the core of many psychosomatic disorders. Eating is fundamental for survival with consequences for health and well-being. It is deeply grounded in homoeostatic and allostatic psychophysiological needs and is driven by interoceptive signals of the body. This narrative review summarizes a selection of empirical findings and draws conclusions on the role of interoception in eating behavior, body weight, and eating disorders. Beyond disordered eating behavior, eating disorders are characterized by impairment of the sense of self, with dysfunctional interoception at its core. Predictive coding accounts are addressed to integrate conclusions and to underline the relevance of interventions to modify interoception.

scholarly journals Nutrition knowledge of people with eating disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Beata Całyniuk ◽  
Michał Górski ◽  
Jagoda Garbicz ◽  
Elżbieta Grochowska-Niedworok
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Nutrition Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACT Background. Eating disorders are an increasingly common health problem that is a major therapeutic challenge. For many years, the basic form of therapy used to be psychiatric and psychotherapeutic treatment, but now it is postulated that the dietetician should also be part of the therapeutic teams. Objective. The main purpose of the study is to assess nutrition knowledge of people with eating disorders with consideration to their age, place of living, education, BMI, type of disease, participation in dietary consultations and in therapy. Material and methods. Nutrition knowledge of the respondents was assessed by means of an author’s survey questionnaire. The questionnaire was published in one of the social portals in the “Eating disorders – tackling” group gathering people with different types of eating disorders. The survey questionnaire consisted in 33 questions. Arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the number of correct answers provided by the respondents by the selected criteria. Results. In terms of age, the least nutrition knowledge was attributable to the persons below 20 years of age (25.24 points in average). When considering the place of living, the least nutrition knowledge was revealed among the subjects living in medium cities (between 20 and 100 thousand of population) i.e. 25.31 points. In terms of education, the least nutrition knowledge was recorded in people with vocational education (24.83 points). When classifying the respondents by BMI, the highest average score was gained by the respondents with normal body mass index (BMI) (26.42 points). Conclusions. The study on the level of nutrition knowledge among the people with eating disorders demonstrated that this knowledge was selective and insufficient to provide rational nutrition. It aimed at teaching the rules of healthy lifestyle and nutrition and thorough discussing of all nutrients, their functions and effect on the body.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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