APOA5 Variant rs662799, Role in Cardiovascular Traits and Serum Adipokine Levels in Caucasian Obese Subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel A. de Luis ◽  
Olatz Izaola ◽  
David Primo ◽  
Rocio Aller
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Obese Subjects

<b><i>Background and Aims:</i></b> This ApoA5-1131C allele of rs662799 variant is related with a higher serum triglyceride levels, and it contributes to increase risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate single nucleotide polymorphism rs662799 in <i>APOA5</i> gene and its associations with cardiovascular risk factors, MS, and serum adipokine levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The study involved a population of 1,002 Caucasian obese subjects. Measurements of body weight, waist circumference, fat mass, arterial blood pressure, blood glucose, C-reactive protein, insulin levels, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, and adipokines levels were recorded. Genotype of <i>ApoA5</i> gene polymorphism (rs662799) and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The distribution of the rs662799 polymorphism in this adult population (<i>n</i> = 1,002) was 88.3% (<i>n</i> = 885) (TT), 11.4% (<i>n</i> = 114) (TC), and 0.3% (<i>n</i> = 3) (CC). No significant differences were found between the 2 genotypes in the anthropometric data, MS, or blood pressure. Triglyceride levels were higher in C-allele carriers (delta total group: 19.7 ± 2.1 mg/dL: <i>p</i> = 0.02) than non C-allele carriers. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in C-allele carriers (delta total group: −6.7 ± 1.1 mg/dL: <i>p</i> = 0.02) than non C-allele carriers. Adiponectin levels were lower in C-allele carriers (delta total group: −11.6 ± 1.0 mg/dL: <i>p</i> = 0.02) too. In C-allele carriers, logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2–3.4, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and percentage of low-HDL-C (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.3–3.7, <i>p</i> = 0.002) after adjusting by body mass index and age. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> C-allele carriers of rs662799 of <i>APOA5</i> gene showed high rates of low levels of HDL and hypertriglyceridemia, with differences in triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, and adiponectin levels in Caucasian obese subjects.

scholarly journals Relation between Birth Weight, Growth, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Valente ◽  
Filumena Maria da Silva Gomes ◽  
Isabela Judith Martins Benseñor ◽  
Alexandra Valéria Maria Brentani ◽  
Ana Maria de Ulhôa Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background and Objectives.Adverse conditions in the prenatal environment and in the first years of life are independently associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This paper aims to study the relation between birthweight, growth in the first year of life, and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults.Methods.88 adults aged between 20 and 31 were submitted to sociodemographic qualities, anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements, metabolic profile, and evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis.Results.Birthweight <2,500 grams (g) was negatively correlated with (a) increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), according to regression coefficient (RC) equal to −0.323, 95% CI [−0.571, −0.075]P<0.05; (b) diastolic blood pressure (RC = −4.744, 95% CI [−9.017, −0.470]P<0.05); (c) low HDL-cholesterol (RC = −0.272, 95% CI [−0.516, −0.029]P<0.05); (d) frequency of intima-media thickness (IMT) of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.242, 95% CI [−0.476, −0.008]P<0.05). Birthweight >3,500 g was associated with (a) BMI >25.0 kg/m2, (RC = 0.317, 95% CI [0.782, 0.557]P<0.05); (b) increased waist circumference (RC = 0.284, 95% CI [0.054, 0.513]P<0.05); (c) elevated WHR (RC = 0.280, 95% CI [0.054, 0.505]P<0.05); (d) minimum subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (RC = 4.354, 95% CI [0.821, 7.888]P<0.05); (e) maximum SAT (RC = 7.095, 95% CI [0.608, 13.583]P<0.05); (f) right lobe of the liver side (RC = 6.896, 95% CI [1.946, 11.847]P<0.001); (g) frequency’s right lobe of the liver >75th percentile (RC = 0.361, 95% CI [0.169, 0.552]P<0.001). Weight gain in the first year of life was inversely correlated with (a) mean IMT of left carotid (RC = −0.046, 95% CI [−0.086, −0.006]P<0.05; (b) frequency IMT of left carotid >75th percentile (RC = −0.253, 95% CI [−0.487, −0.018]P<0.05); (c) mean IMT (RC = −0.038, 95% CI [0.073, −0.002]P<0.05); (d) the frequency of the mean IMT >75th percentile (RC = −0.241, 95% CI [−0.442, −0.041]P<0.05).Conclusions.Adults birthweight <2,500 g and >3,500 g and with insufficient weight gain in the first year of life have showed different metabolic phenotypes, but all of them were related to subclinical atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Heritability of the metabolic syndrome and its components in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS)

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARYAM ZARKESH ◽  
MARYAM SADAT DANESHPOUR ◽  
BITA FAAM ◽  
MOHAMMAD SADEGH FALLAH ◽  
NIMA HOSSEINZADEH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Heritability Estimation ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Continuous Traits

SummaryGrowing evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) has both genetic and environmental bases. We estimated the heritability of the MetS and its components in the families from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). We investigated 904 nuclear families in TLGS with two biological parents and at least one offspring (1565 parents and 2448 children), aged 3–90 years, for whom MetS information was available and had at least two members of family with MetS. Variance component methods were used to estimate age and sex adjusted heritability of metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and MetS components using SOLAR software. The heritability of waist circumference (WC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), fasting blood sugar (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as continuous traits after adjusting for age and gender were 27, 46, 36, 29, 25, 26 and 15%, respectively, and MSS had a heritability of 15%. When MetS components were analysed as discrete traits, the estimates of age and gender adjusted heritability for MetS, abdominal obesity, low HDL-C, high TG, high FBS and high blood pressure (BP) were 22, 40, 34, 38 and 23%, respectively (P < 0·05). Three factors were extracted from the six continuous traits of the MetS including factor I (BP), factor II (lipids) and factor III (obesity and FBS). Heritability estimation for these three factors were 7, 13 (P < 0·05) and 2%, respectively. The highest heritability was for HDL-C and TG. The results strongly encourage efforts to identify the underlying susceptibility genes.

Abstract 3441: Paraoxonase-192 Polymorphism Interaction with Low HDL Cholesterol in Coronary Artery Risk

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia M Pereira ◽  
Isabel M Mendonca ◽  
Ana I Freitas ◽  
Ana C Sousa ◽  
Susana Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Synergy Index ◽  
Attributable Proportion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Male Sex

Background: Increased lipid peroxidation is associated with accelerated progression of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase (PON1) is an antioxidative enzyme in high density lipoproteins (HDL), which protects against lipid per oxidation and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). PON 1 activity is under genetic control and its molecular basis is a polymorphism in the PON 1 gene that shows two common isoforms: Q (192 Gln) with high ability to protect LDL from lipid peroxidation in vitro, and R (Arg) with lower ability. Aim: To explore the interaction of the R allele paraoxonase gene and low HDL cholesterol concentrations, in CAD risk emergence. Methods: 818 individuals participated in the study, 298 coronary patients, 55.0±10.3 years, 78.9% male sex, and 520 healthy controls, 47.3±12.6 years, 57.5% male sex, age and sex matched. Low HDL-C was defined as <0.90 mmol/L in men and < 1.11 mmol/L in the women. Comparisons of genotypes between cases and control subjects were performed by a chi-square test. Statistical significance was accepted at p<0.05. Odds ratio as well as their 95% confidence intervals for the RR genotypes and HDL deficient subjects were computed using univariate analysis (2x2 tables). To determine the interaction between the RR paraoxonase genotype and HDL-deficient subjects, we used the epidemiologic tables 4x2 and the synergy measures: the additive model (Rothman’s synergy index) and the multiplicative model (Khoury’s synergy index). We calculated the relative excess risk (RERI) and the attributable proportion (AP) due to interaction (Rothman). Results: The PON 1 RR192 is associated with coronary heart disease [OR=1.61; p=0.043] in whole population. The HDL-deficient subjects 192 RR homozygotes showed an increased risk of CAD (OR=17.38; p< 0.0001) compared to normal HDL 192 RR (OR=1.39; p=0.348) and HDL-deficient subjects not carrying RR genotype (OR=7.79; p<0.0001). The genotype PON 192 RR increases the risk of CAD in the HDL-deficient populations (SI=2.3, SIM=1.6). The attributable proportion due to this interaction (AP) was 0.53, meaning that 53% of CAD was explained by this interaction. Conclusion: These data suggest the existence of a synergistic effect of the RR 192 PON 1 genotype (with lower ability) and HDL-deficient subjects in CAD emergence.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic health during early adulthood and risk of miscarriage: a prospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Maria C. Magnus ◽  
Diana D. S. Ferreira ◽  
Maria Carolina Borges ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Deborah A. Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Several studies have found that women who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of miscarriage. There is also some evidence of associations of other aspects of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure and lipids, with miscarriage risk, although these have not been examined to the same extent as body-mass index (BMI). Methods: Our objective was to investigate the risk of miscarriage according to pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic health. We examined pre-pregnancy levels of BMI, blood pressure, fasting insulin and metabolites profile at age 18 and risk of miscarriage by age 24. The study included adult female offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with a pregnancy between 18 and 24 years of age (n=434 for BMI and blood pressure; n=265 for metabolites). We used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted associations between cardiometabolic health measures and miscarriage. Results: The overall risk of miscarriage was 22%.  The adjusted relative risks for miscarriage were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00) for BMI (per unit increase), 0.98 (0.96-1.00) for systolic blood pressure, and 1.00 (0.97-1.04) for diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg increase).  Total cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids in HDL-cholesterol were associated with increased likelihood of miscarriage, but none of the p-values for the metabolites were below the corrected threshold for multiple testing (p-value ≤0.003). Conclusions: Our findings indicate no strong evidence to support a relationship between pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic health and risk of miscarriage in young, healthy women who became pregnant before age 24. Future studies are necessary that are able to evaluate this question in samples with a wider age range.

scholarly journals Association between fried food consumption and hypertension in Korean adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjin Kang ◽  
Jihye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Fried Food ◽  
Korean Adults ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Hdl

AbstractThe present study explored the relationships between fried food consumption and metabolic risk factors and hypertension in Korean adults. The study was based on the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2010 and 2011. A total of 9221 Korean adults aged ≥19 years were studied. Fried food consumption was assessed using a validated FFQ. Metabolic risk factors such as waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), TAG, HDL-cholesterol and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured. Hypertension was defined as SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive medication. Adjusted OR for elevated blood pressure significantly increased in men (OR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·11, 2·37;Ptrend=0·0447) and women (OR 2·20; 95 % CI 1·21, 4·00;Ptrend=0·0403) with a greater than twice a week consumption of fried food compared with those who rarely consumed fried food. However, fried food consumption was not associated with other metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity, high FPG, hypertriacylglycerolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and the metabolic syndrome). The adjusted OR for hypertension increased by 2·4-fold in women (OR 2·37; 95 % CI 1·19, 4·72;Ptrend=0·0272) with a greater than twice a week fried food consumption compared with those who rarely consumed it. No significant association was found between fried food consumption and hypertension in men. This study suggests that frequent fried food consumption is associated with hypertension in Korean women. Further studies are needed to investigate the effect of different types of fried foods on hypertension.

Abstract MP19: Higher Parity is Associated With Components of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Hispanic/Latina Women: Results From the HCHS/SOL Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine J Vladutiu ◽  
Anna Maria Siega-Riz ◽  
Alison M Stuebe ◽  
Daniela Sotres-Alvarez ◽  
Andy Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Live Births ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
Low Hdl

Background: Physiologic adaptations occurring across successive pregnancies may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in later life. Previous studies have found an association between higher parity and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no studies have examined this association in a Hispanic/Latina population. Hispanic women have a higher prevalence of the MetS and higher birth rates than non-Hispanic women. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher parity is associated with the prevalence of components of the MetS in a cohort of Hispanic/Latina women. Methods: There were 9,482 Hispanic/Latina women of diverse backgrounds, aged 18-74 years, who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from 2008-2011. Components of the MetS were defined according to the AHA/NHLBI criteria and included abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥88cm), elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (<50mg/dL), high blood pressure (systolic ≥130mmHg or diastolic ≥85mmHg or on medication), and elevated fasting glucose (≥100mg/dL or on medication). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association between parity and components of the MetS, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and reproductive characteristics, and accounting for the complex survey design and sampling weights. Results: At HCHS/SOL baseline, women reported none (19.2%), one (18.9%), two (25.3%), three (19.7%), four (9.3%), and five or more (7.6%) prior live births. Compared to women with only one live birth, women with four live births had the highest odds of abdominal obesity (OR=2.5, 95% CI 1.8, 3.3) and those with five or more live births had the highest odds of low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.2, 1.9), elevated glucose (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.3, 2.3), elevated triglycerides (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.01, 1.8), and high blood pressure (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), after adjusting for age, Hispanic background, education, marital status, income, nativity, smoking, physical activity, menopause status, oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy, and field center. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated these associations for all MetS components, including abdominal obesity (OR=1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.2), low HDL cholesterol (OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.03, 1.7), and elevated glucose (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.1), but the associations for triglycerides and blood pressure were no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher parity is associated with the prevalence of selected components of the MetS among U.S. Hispanic/Latina women. High parity among Latinas with a high prevalence of abdominal obesity suggests a context of high risk for metabolic dysregulation. A better characterization of the links between pregnancy, adiposity, and body fat distribution is needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of metabolic components in university students

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Roberta Vilarouca da Silva ◽  
Luana Savana Nascimento de Sousa ◽  
Telma de Sousa Rocha ◽  
Ramiro Marx Alves Cortez ◽  
Layla Gonçalves do Nascimento Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Hdl

OBJECTIVE: to identify the frequency of components of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among university students.METHOD: descriptive study with 550 students, from various courses run by a public university. The socioeconomic data, lifestyle, and components of MetS were filled out using a questionnaire. Blood sample collection was undertaken in the university itself by a contracted clinical analysis laboratory.RESULTS: 66.2% were female, with a mean age of 22.6±4.41; 71.7% were sedentary; 1.8% stated that they smoke; and 48.5% were classified as at medium risk for alcoholism. 5.8% had raised abdominal circumference and 20.4% had excess weight; 1.3% and 18.9% had raised fasting blood glucose levels and triglycerides, respectively; 64.5% had low HDL cholesterol and 8.7% had blood pressure levels compatible with borderline high blood pressure. Thus, of the sample, 64.4% had at least one component for MetS; 11.6% had two, and 3.5% had three or more.CONCLUSION: a significant proportion of the population already has the components for metabolic syndrome, and this profile reinforces the importance of early diagnosis so as to reduce the risk of developing chronic comorbidities.

Pulmonary Contusion in the Pediatric Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miller Carlton Hamrick ◽  
Ryan Donsworth Duhn ◽  
David Edward Carney ◽  
William Carson Boswell ◽  
Mims Gage Ochsner
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pulmonary Contusion ◽  
Total Lung Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk

Pulmonary contusion in the adult population is an independent risk factor for respiratory failure, ventilator associated pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pilot studies in adults note an increased risk when volume of pulmonary contusion exceeds 20 per cent of total lung volume. The purpose of this study was to determine if children with pulmonary contusion suffer the same morbidity as adults. From January 2005 to May 2007, all trauma patients ages 3 to 18-years-old were assessed for CT evidence of pulmonary contusion. Children were excluded if injury included confounding variables, which could result in respiratory failure independent of contusion status. CT images were reviewed and pulmonary contusion was calculated as a percentage of total lung volume. Outcomes including need for invasive ventilation, pneumonia, and development of oxygenation problems were recorded. Data collected included patient age, Injury Severity Score, arterial blood gas findings, and number of rib fractures. Twenty-six patients met criteria for the study with a mean age of 13.35 years and mean Injury Severity Score of 24. The mean percentage of pulmonary contusion was 19.81 per cent. No patients required intubation. Pediatric pulmonary contusion does not carry the same morbidity as noted in the adult population. Invasive airway management is rarely required.

scholarly journals A Dietary Intervention of Bioactive Enriched Foods Aimed at Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Protocol and Results from PATHWAY-27 Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Bub ◽  
Corinne Malpuech-Brugère ◽  
Caroline Orfila ◽  
Julien Amat ◽  
Alice Arianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

Around a quarter of the global adult population have metabolic syndrome (MetS) and therefore increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and diabetes. Docosahexaenoic acid, oat beta-glucan and grape anthocyanins have been shown to be effective in reducing MetS risk factors when administered as isolated compounds, but their effect when administered as bioactive-enriched foods has not been evaluated. Objective: The overall aim of the PATHWAY-27 project was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive-enriched food consumption on improving risk factors of MetS. A pilot study was conducted to assess which of five bioactive combinations provided within three different food matrices (bakery, dairy or egg) were the most effective in adult volunteers. The trial also evaluated the feasibility of production, consumer acceptability and gastrointestinal tolerance of the bioactive-enriched food. Method: The study included three monocentric, parallel-arm, double-blind, randomised, dietary intervention trials without a placebo. Each recruiting centre tested the five bioactive combinations within a single food matrix. Results: The study was completed by 167 participants (74 male, 93 female). The results indicated that specific bioactive/matrix combinations have effects on serum triglyceride or HDL-cholesterol level without adverse effects. Conclusion: The study evidenced that bioactive-enriched food offers a promising food-based strategy for MetS prevention, and highlighted the importance of conducting pilot studies.

scholarly journals Interrelationships between pulse arrival time and arterial blood pressure during postural transitions before and after spaceflight

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 1050-1057
Author(s):  
Katelyn N. Wood ◽  
Danielle K. Greaves ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Pulse Arrival Time ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Pulse Arrival

We tested the hypothesis that acute changes in arterial blood pressure (BP) when astronauts moved between supine and standing posture before and after spaceflight can be tracked by beat-to-beat changes in pulse arrival time (PAT). Nine male crewmembers (45 ± 7 yr of age; mean mission length: 165 ± 13 days) participated in a standardized supine-to-sit-to-stand test (5 min-30 s-3 min) before flight and 1 day following return to Earth with continuous monitoring of ECG and finger arterial BP. PAT was determined from the R-wave of the ECG to the foot of the BP waveform. On average, modest cardiovascular deconditioning was detected by ~10 beats/min increase in heart rate in supine and standing posture after spaceflight ( P < 0.05). When looking across the full data collection period, the r2 values between inverse of PAT (1/PAT) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) varied considerably between individuals (SBP preflight 0.142 ± 0.186, postflight 0.262 ± 0.243). Individual variability was consistent during periods of transition (SBP preflight 0.284 ± 0.324, postflight 0.297 ± 0.269); however, when SBP dropped >20 mmHg, r2 was significant in 5 of 5 preflight tests and 5 of 7 postflight tests. The standard error of the estimate based on a simple linear model during both pre- and postflight testing was 9–11 mmHg for SBP and 6–7 mmHg for DBP. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that PAT tracked dynamic changes in BP. PAT as a noninvasive, nonintrusive surrogate for changes in BP could be developed as an indicator of risk for syncope on return from spaceflight or other Earth-based applications. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Astronauts returning to Earth’s gravity are at increased risk of low blood pressure on standing. Arterial pulse arrival time tracked the decrease in arterial blood pressure on moving from supine to upright posture. Nonintrusive technology providing indicators sensitive to acute changes in blood pressure could act as an early warning system to identify risk for hypotension that place astronauts, or people on Earth, at risk of impaired cognitive performance, fainting, and falls.

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