scholarly journals CircRNAs: Insights into Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sanjana Rajgopal ◽  
Sherine Joanna Fredrick ◽  
Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Insight Into

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Gastric cancer (GC) is recorded as the fifth most common cancer globally. The classic resemblance of early symptoms of chronic gastritis including nausea, dysphagia, and dyspepsia with GC is the current challenge limiting the early diagnosis of GC. The current diagnostic procedures of GC are limited due to their invasive nature. This directs the research question toward alternative approaches, specifically at the molecular level. Recent advances in molecular regulation of cancer suggest the prominence of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the multistep process of tumourigenesis. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> CircRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs, abundant in eukaryotes, with key roles in regulating genes and miRNAs as well as the alteration of processes involved in pathological conditions. Research studies have demonstrated the participation of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of tumours. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the potential of circRNAs as disease biomarkers for the early detection and treatment of GC. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> This study is an amalgamation of the implications and future prospects of circRNAs for the detection and potential treatment of GC.

scholarly journals Role of Exosomal Non-coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer: Biological Functions and Potential Clinical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Hu ◽  
Jixuan Liu ◽  
Huibo Liu ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Minjie Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Insight Into

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common fatal cancers worldwide. The communication between GC and other cells in the GC microenvironment directly affects GC progression. Recently, exosomes have been revealed as new players in intercellular communication. They play an important role in human health and diseases, including cancer, owing to their ability to carry various bioactive molecules, including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs, including micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play a significant role in various pathophysiological processes, especially cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that exosomal ncRNAs are involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune regulation, and treatment resistance in GC. In addition, exosomal ncRNAs have promising potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers for GC. Considering the biocompatibility of exosomes, they can also be used as biological carriers for targeted therapy. This review summarizes the current research progress on exosomal ncRNAs in gastric cancer, focusing on their biological role in GC and their potential as new biomarkers for GC and therapeutics. Our review provides insight into the mechanisms involved in GC progression, which may provide a new point cut for the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Epigenetic Players With Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedeerya Aishanjiang ◽  
Xin-dong Wei ◽  
Yi Fu ◽  
Xinjie Lin ◽  
Yujie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Novel Targets

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Due to the lack of potent diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets, the overall prognosis of survival is poor in HCC patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel endogenous non-coding RNAs with covalently closed loop structures and implicated in diverse physiological processes and pathological diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of circRNAs in HCC diagnosis, prognosis, development, and drug resistance, suggesting that circRNAs may be a class of novel targets for improving HCC diagnosis, prognosis, and treatments. In fact, some artificial circRNAs have been engineered and showed their therapeutic potential in treating HCV infection and gastric cancer. In this review, we introduce the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as therapeutic targets for HCC treatments and discuss the challenges in circRNA research and chances of circRNA application.

scholarly journals Global Analyses of Expressed Piwi-Interacting RNAs in Gastric Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7656
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vinasco-Sandoval ◽  
Fabiano Cordeiro Moreira ◽  
Amanda F. Vidal ◽  
Pablo Pinto ◽  
André M. Ribeiro-dos-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Risk Biomarkers ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
Early Diagnose ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
Insight Into

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a notable amount of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular basis of CG will offer insight into its pathogenesis in an attempt to identify new molecular biomarkers to early diagnose this disease. Therefore, studies involving small non-coding RNAs have been widely explored. Among these, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are an emergent class that can play important roles in carcinogenesis. In this study, small-RNA sequencing was used to identify the global piRNAs expression profile (piRNome) of gastric cancer patients. We found 698 piRNAs in gastric tissues, 14 of which were differentially expressed (DE) between gastric cancer (GC), adjacent to gastric cancer (ADJ), and non-cancer tissues (NC). Moreover, three of these DE piRNAs (piR-48966*, piR-49145, piR-31335*) were differently expressed in both GC and ADJ samples in comparison to NC samples, indicating that the tumor-adjacent tissue was molecularly altered and should not be considered as a normal control. These three piRNAs are potential risk biomarkers for GC, especially piR-48966* and piR-31335*. Furthermore, an in-silico search for mRNAs targeted by the differentially expressed piRNAs revealed that these piRNAs may regulate genes that participate in cancer-related pathways, suggesting that these small non-coding RNAs may be directly and indirectly involved in gastric carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Circle the Cardiac Remodeling With circRNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiqun Yang ◽  
Tianxin Long ◽  
Tailai Du ◽  
Yili Chen ◽  
Yugang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions

Cardiac remodeling occurs after the heart is exposed to stress, which is manifested by pathological processes such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, dendritic cells activation and cytokine secretion, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, and finally leads to heart failure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently recognized as a specific type of non-coding RNAs that are expressed in different species, in different stages of development, and in different pathological conditions. Growing evidences have implicated that circRNAs play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the biological origin, characteristics, functional classification of circRNAs and their regulatory functions in cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and exosomes in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling.

scholarly journals A Novel LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Triple Network Identifies LncRNA RP11-363E7.4 as An Important Regulator of miRNA and Gene Expression in Gastric Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1025-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Chunyang Shang ◽  
Xian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Microrna Target ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Gc Gene ◽  
Insight Into

Background/Aims: Recent evidence has shown that some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological processes. However, the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Methods: We reannotated the GC gene expression profile into a lncRNA-mRNA biphasic profile and integrated the microRNA target data to construct a global GC triple network. A further clustering and random walk with restart analyses was performed on the triple network from the level of topology analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine expression of lncRNA RP11-363E7.4. Kaplan-Meier analyses was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of lncRNA RP11-363E7.4. Results: We constructed a gastric cancer lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network (GCLMN) including six lncRNAs, 332 mRNAs, and 3,707 edges. For the shared lncRNA RP11-363E7.4, the interacting gene and microRNA functional enrichment studies implied that lncRNA RP11-363E7.4 might function as a new regulator in GC. The expression of lncRNA RP11-363E7.4 was downregulated compared with that of paracarcinoma tissues in five GC samples. High expression of lncRNA RP11-363E7.4 was found to be correlated to better overall survival (OS) for GC patients. Conclusions: This study focused on GC lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, and found that lncRNA RP11-363E7.4 was a new GC risk lncRNA, which might provide novel insight into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of GC.

scholarly journals CircRNAs as Potential Blood Biomarkers and Key Elements in Regulatory Networks in Gastric Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Laís Reis-das-Mercês ◽  
Tatiana Vinasco-Sandoval ◽  
Rafael Pompeu ◽  
Aline Cruz Ramos ◽  
Ana K. M. Anaissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in the world. It is a disease that encompasses a variety of molecular alterations, including in non-coding RNAs such as circular RNAs (circRNAs). In the present study, we investigated hsa_circ_0000211, hsa_circ_0000284, hsa_circ_0000524, hsa_circ_0001136 and hsa_circ_0004771 expression profiles using RT-qPCR in 71 gastric tissue samples from GC patients (tumor and tumor-adjacent samples) and volunteers without cancer. In order to investigate the suitability of circRNAs as minimally invasive biomarkers, we also evaluated their expression profile through RT-qPCR in peripheral blood samples from patients with and without GC (n = 41). We also investigated the predicted interactions between circRNA-miRNA-mRNA and circRNA-RBP using the KEGG and Reactome databases. Overall, our results showed that hsa_circ_0000211, hsa_circ_0000284 and hsa_circ_0004771 presented equivalent expression profiles when analyzed by different methods (RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR) and different types of samples (tissue and blood). Further, functional enrichment results identified important signaling pathways related to GC. Thus, our data support the consideration of circRNAs as new, minimally invasive biomarkers capable of aiding in the diagnosis of GC and with great potential to be applied in clinical practice.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Cardiac Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M.W. Colpaert ◽  
Martina Calore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Disease Biomarkers ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Inherited Cardiomyopathies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Since their discovery 20 years ago, microRNAs have been related to posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in major cardiac physiological and pathological processes. We know now that cardiac muscle phenotypes are tightly regulated by multiple noncoding RNA species to maintain cardiac homeostasis. Upon stress or various pathological conditions, this class of non-coding RNAs has been found to modulate different cardiac pathological conditions, such as contractility, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, hypertrophy, and inherited cardiomyopathies. This review summarizes and updates microRNAs playing a role in the different processes underlying the pathogenic phenotypes of cardiac muscle and highlights their potential role as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Hsa_circ_0000673 is down-regulated in gastric cancer and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells by targetting miR-532-5p

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chang ◽  
Furong Wang ◽  
Yumin Li
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Mirna Sponge ◽  
New Class ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, have recently been known to play critical roles in various cellular biological processes, including tumorigenesis, in which they act as an miRNA sponge that regulates gene expression. Thus, revealing the functions of circRNAs in carcinogenesis and cancer development has been of great interest. However, their expression and functions in gastric cancer (GC) development are still largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify novel deregulated circRNAs in GC and reveal their biological functions and molecular mechanisms in GC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression levels of circRNAs in GC tissues, cell lines, and plasma. The MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and tumor xenografts in vivo were used to evaluate the effects of circRNAs on the proliferation and invasion of GC. The abovementioned methods coupled with Western blotting were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. The current study showed that hsa_circ_0000673 was significantly down-regulated in GC. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0000673 inhibited the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. In contrast, hsa_circ_0000673 down-regulation promoted the proliferation and invasion of GC cells. Further studies revealed that hsa_circ_0000673 targetted miR-532-5p and up-regulated the expression of RUNX3. The present study showed that hsa_circ_0000673 was decreased in GC and it exerted tumor-suppressing effects by targetting miR-532-5p and up-regulating RUNX3 expression level. Hsa_circ_0000673 may be a promising diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.

Radio-Susceptibility of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Focus on Epstein- Barr Virus, MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs and Circular RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanghong Lei ◽  
Tongda Lei ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Mingxiu Yang ◽  
Mingchu Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Epstein Barr

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer. As a neoplastic disorder, NPC is a highly malignant squamous cell carcinoma that is derived from the nasopharyngeal epithelium. NPC is radiosensitive; radiotherapy or radiotherapy combining with chemotherapy are the main treatment strategies. However, both modalities are usually accompanied by complications and acquired resistance to radiotherapy is a significant impediment to effective NPC therapy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective radio-sensitization and radio-resistance biomarkers for NPC. Recent studies have shown that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded products, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which share several common signaling pathways, can function in radio-related NPC cells or tissues. Understanding these interconnected regulatory networks will reveal the details of NPC radiation sensitivity and resistance. In this review, we discuss and summarize the specific molecular mechanisms of NPC radio-sensitization and radio-resistance, focusing on EBV-encoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs. This will provide a foundation for the discovery of more accurate, effective and specific markers related to NPC radiotherapy. EBVencoded products, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs have emerged as crucial molecules mediating the radio-susceptibility of NPC. This understanding will improve the clinical application of markers and inform the development of novel therapeutics for NPC.

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