scholarly journals Excess Body Weight and Pancreatic Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mats L. Wiese ◽  
Ali A. Aghdassi ◽  
Markus M. Lerch ◽  
Antje Steveling
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Pancreatic Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Negative Outcome

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Excess body weight (EBW) is a risk factor for various acute and chronic conditions. Conversely, the “obesity paradox” suggests a protective effect of higher body weight on some disease outcomes. This article discusses the role of EBW along the disease continuum of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (PC) in terms of incidence and outcome. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Comparison of findings is hampered by the use of different methods to assess EBW. Nevertheless, in acute pancreatitis (AP) and PC, EBW, especially visceral obesity, presents a distinct risk factor and predictor of a negative outcome. Findings of a protective effect likely result from nonconsideration of fat distribution or other confounders. Regarding chronic pancreatitis (CP), few studies indicate lower incidence and a better outcome with higher body mass. However, there is insufficient evidence to confirm the existence of an obesity paradox. The precise mechanisms of how EBW affects the disease continuum require further elucidation but both common and disease-specific effects seem involved. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> EBW is associated with higher incidence and a negative outcome in AP and PC. The association with CP is less conclusive. Thus, maintaining normal weight is advisable at any stage of the disease continuum.

scholarly journals The Obesity Paradox in Type 2 Diabetes and Mortality

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre K. Tobias ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Obesity Paradox ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Epidemiological Methods ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The obesity paradox for survival among individuals with type 2 diabetes has been observed in some but not all studies. Conflicting evidence for the role of overweight and obesity in all-cause mortality may largely be a result of differences in study populations, epidemiological methods, and statistical analysis. For example, analyses among populations with long-term prevalent diabetes and the accrual of other chronic health conditions are more likely to observe that the sickest participants have lower body weights, and therefore, relative to normal weight, overweight and even obesity appear advantageous. Other mortality risk factors, such as smoking, also confound the relationship between body weight and survival, but this behavior varies widely in intensity and duration, making it difficult to assess and effectively adjust for in statistical models. Disentangling the potential sources of bias is imperative in understanding the relevance of excess body weight to mortality in diabetes. In this review, we summarize methodological considerations underlying the observed obesity paradox. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the obesity paradox is likely an artifact of biases, and once these are accounted for, it is evident that compared with normal body weight, excess body weight is associated with a greater mortality risk.

scholarly journals Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 154703
Author(s):  
Léa Pietri ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
Audrey Bégu ◽  
Manon Lojou ◽  
Marie Koubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Excess Body Weight

Übermäßiges Körpergewicht und Krebsrisiko

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1006-1014
Author(s):  
Hans Scherübl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Associated Tumors

AbstractExcess body weight (EBW) is the second most important and potentially modifiable risk factor of cancer in Germany. The longer and the more excess body weight a person has, the higher the cancer risk. About 60 % of adult Germans have EBW (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m²) and more than 23 % are obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m²). Excess body weight is causally associated with colorectal, esophageal (adenocarcinoma), gastric (cardia), pancreatic, biliary, hepatocellular, kidney, thyroid, breast (postmenopausal), endometrial and ovarian cancer as well as multiple myeloma and meningioma. In recent years, more and more young adults (20–40 years) were diagnosed with EBW-associated tumors. People with EBW should be encouraged to join programs of cancer screening. Keeping a healthy weight is a major public health concern in Germany.

scholarly journals Metabolic Abnormalities Are Common among South American Hispanics Subjects with Normal Weight or Excess Body Weight: The CRONICAS Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0138968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P. Benziger ◽  
Antonio Bernabé-Ortiz ◽  
Robert H. Gilman ◽  
William Checkley ◽  
Liam Smeeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
South American ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities

Energy Balance, Exercise, and Cancer Risk

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine B Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Weight

Excess body weight is a risk factor for most cancers. Furthermore, obesity is associated with worsened prognosis after a cancer diagnosis and negatively affects the delivery of systemic therapy, contributes to morbidity of cancer treatment, and may raise the risk of second malignancies and comorbidities. However, an obesity paradox may be occurring in patients with cancer; this paradox has been observed when cancer patients with an elevated body mass index (BMI) have improved survival compared with normal-weight patients, and this has been observed in a variety of cancer patients. The reliance on BMI as a measure of body fatness has limitations in the cancer population; hence, the use of tools that directly measure body fat may be more predictive of cancer risk. Despite public health recommendations for achieving and maintaining a healthy weight for cancer prevention and survivorship, few studies have evaluated the effect of intentional body weight loss on cancer risk, although the evidence is suggestive of a relationship. Future research needs to elucidate if weight loss after a cancer diagnosis decreases the risk of recurrence and mortality, and if so, how much weight loss is needed. This review contains 4 figures, 1 table and 65 references Key words: body weight, cancer, interventions, lifestyle, morbidity, mortality, obesity, prevention, risk, sedentary, survivorship, weight loss

scholarly journals Health Benefits of Plant-Based Nutrition: Focus on Beans in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Amy P. Mullins ◽  
Bahram H. Arjmandi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Related Disease ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming over 650,000 American lives annually. Typically not a singular disease, CVD often coexists with dyslipidemia, hypertension, type-2 diabetes (T2D), chronic system-wide inflammation, and obesity. Obesity, an independent risk factor for both CVD and T2D, further worsens the problem, with over 42% of adults and 18.5% of youth in the U.S. categorized as such. Dietary behavior is a most important modifiable risk factor for controlling the onset and progression of obesity and related disease conditions. Plant-based eating patterns that include beans and legumes support health and disease mitigation through nutritional profile and bioactive compounds including phytochemical. This review focuses on the characteristics of beans and ability to improve obesity-related diseases and associated factors including excess body weight, gut microbiome environment, and low-grade inflammation. Additionally, there are growing data that link obesity to compromised immune response and elevated risk for complications from immune-related diseases. Body weight management and nutritional status may improve immune function and possibly prevent disease severity. Inclusion of beans as part of a plant-based dietary strategy imparts cardiovascular, metabolic, and colon protective effects; improves obesity, low-grade inflammation, and may play a role in immune-related disease risk management.

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic risk markers of normal weight and excess body weight in Brazilian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara Salete de Barros Silva Mastroeni ◽  
Marco Fabio Mastroeni ◽  
Muryel de Carvalho Gonçalves ◽  
Guilherme Debortoli ◽  
Nilza Nunes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Risk Markers

Excess body weight leads to a variety of metabolic changes and increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of risk markers for CVD among Brazilian adolescents of normal weight and with excess body weight. The markers included blood pressure, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor alpha, fibrinogen, fasting insulin and glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides. We calculated odds ratios (OR) using logistic regression and adjusted for potential confounders such as age, sex, physical activity, and socioeconomic background. Compared with normal weight subjects, overweight/obese adolescents were more likely to have higher systolic blood pressure (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001), fasting insulin (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (OR = 8.03, p < 0.001), leptin (OR = 5.55, p < 0.001), and LDL-c (OR = 5.50, p < 0.001) and lower serum HDL-c concentrations (OR = 2.76, p = 0.004). After adjustment for confounders, the estimates did not change substantially, except for leptin for which the risk associated with overweight increased to 11.09 (95% CI: 4.05–30.35). In conclusion, excess body weight in adolescents exhibits strong associations with several markers that are established as causes of CVD in adults. This observation stresses the importance of primary prevention and of maintaining a healthy body weight throughout adolescence to reduce the global burden of CVD.

scholarly journals Social inequalities in obesity and overweight: secular changes in Poland between 1983 and 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Żegleń ◽  
Łukasz Kryst ◽  
Małgorzata Kowal ◽  
Agnieszka Woronkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One

Abstract Background Human development is strongly influenced by environmental factors, including the socioeconomic status (SES) of the family. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of excess body weight among Polish children and adolescents from families of varying SES examined in 1983 and 2020. Methods The study group included 3–15-year olds from two cross-sectional surveys (1983 and 2020) conducted in kindergartens and schools. The 1983 cohort consisted of 3394 individuals and the one from 2020—of 1253 children and adolescents. Body height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated. Inclusion into underweight, normal weight and overweight/obese categories was based on Cole’s cutoff points. SES was established based on the place of the parents’ birth, parents’, education status and the number of children in the family, which were self-reported in a questionary by the parents of the examined individuals. Results The mean overall SES was higher in the 2020 cohort, in comparison to the one examined in 1983. This change was also reflected by the changing prevalence of excess body weight, which, in 1983 was the greatest in the high socioeconomic category. On the other hand, in 2020 overweight/obesity was the most prevalent among individuals from families of low SES. Conclusions The present results confirm the findings obtained in other countries, which suggest that changing the level of socioeconomic development modifies the changes regarding the prevalence of excess body weight. It is an important observation because a study of this type has not yet been conducted in the Polish population.

Excess body weight association with various cancer: A United States population-based study 2021.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18558-e18558
Author(s):  
Akram Alkrekshi ◽  
Raul Arroyo Suarez ◽  
Ahmad Nader Kassem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Multiple Cancer ◽  
Multiple Myelomas

e18558 Background: Excess body weight (EW) is a rising healthcare issue affecting over two-thirds of the United States (US) population, and it is a risk factor for various cancer. Methods: We used Explorys, IBM, a US database that includes ̃ 73 million patients. We evaluated non-gastrointestinal cancers prevalence based on age (18-64 and ≥ 65 years; for female cancers 18-49 and ≥ 50 years), race; Caucasians (C) and African-Americans (AA), and weight; normal weight (N) with BMI 18.5- 24.9 kg/m2 and EW for BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Compared to NW, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for multiple cancer rates in the EW group were calculated. p-value of <0.001 was considered significant (S) and > 0.001 as non-significant (NS). Results: A population of 26.9 million was included. C 85.6%, AA 14.4%. See table. Conclusions: A strong association between EW and urological cancers (prostate, bladder, renal), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myelomas (MM), breast cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer in C 18-64 yrs but not in C ≥ 65 yrs with the exception for kidney cancer. A similar finding in AA 18-64 yrs for cancers of prostate, renal, breast, uterus, and MM compared to AA ≥ 65 yrs. EW is possibly more oncogenic earlier in life, especially in C.[Table: see text]

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