scholarly journals Combination of Treadmill Aerobic Exercise with Bifidobacterium longum OLP-01 Supplementation for Treatment of High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Murine Model

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yi-Ju Hsu ◽  
Chien-Chao Chiu ◽  
Mon-Chien Lee ◽  
Wen-Ching Huang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Peripheral Fatigue ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
High Fat

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Obesity, which can result from disease, genetics, nutrition, lifestyle, and insufficient physical activity, substantially increases an individual’s risk of complications and comorbidities. Exercise can be an effective strategy for achieving an energy balance and physiological fitness as part of obesity management. Additionally, probiotics, which are isolated from food and the environment, are being rapidly developed and have functional benefits for mitigating various metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity. The potentially positive physiological and functional effects of exercise, probiotics, and exercise combined with probiotics should be elucidated in a model of diet-induced obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> subsp. <i>longum</i> OLP-01 (OLP-01) was isolated from an elite Olympic-level athlete who exhibited physiological adaptations to peripheral fatigue caused by exercise training. In this current study, ICR strain mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks to replicate an obesity model. The mice were divided into 5 groups according to the diet administered: control with normal diet, only HFD, HFD + exercise, HFD + OLP, and HFD + exercise + OLP groups. They were administered the probiotic and/or treadmill exercise training for 5 weeks, and their growth curve, physical activity, physiological adaptation, biochemical parameters, body composition, and glucose tolerance were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared with only exercise or only probiotics, a combination of probiotics and exercise significantly improved the weight, glucose tolerance, fat composition, and exercise-related oxidative stress of mice. Regular and programmed exercise with sufficient rest may be crucial to obesity improvement, and a combination of probiotics and exercise may synergistically assist obesity management and health promotion. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> OLP-01 probiotics combined with exercise training can be employed as a strategy for treating obesity. However, the exact regulatory mechanisms underlying this effect, possibly involving microbiota and associated metabolites, warrant further investigation.

Abstract 404: NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-containing 3 Knockout Rescues Cardiac Dysfunction Induced by High-fat Diet Feeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R Peterson ◽  
Samantha Haller ◽  
Tracy Ta ◽  
Luiza Bosch ◽  
Aspen Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pyrin Domain

NLR family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a pattern recognition receptor responsible for perpetuating an inflammatory response through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. It has been implicated in the sustained inflammatory response in obesity and multiple cardiovascular disease conditions. In order to investigate NLRP3 as a potential therapeutic target in metabolic syndrome, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-\-) mice were fed a normal diet (ND; 12% fat chow) or a high fat diet (HFD; 45% fat chow) for 5 months. At 5 months, echocardiography and glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) were performed. Cardiac function assessed by fractional shortening (FS) was significantly impaired by HFD feeding in the WT group (0.335 HFD vs. 0.456 ND; p<0.05) but not in the NLRP3-\- (0.449 HFD vs. 0.492 ND; p>0.05). FS was higher in NLRP3-\-HFD than in WT-HFD (p<0.05). Two-dimensional analysis shows the FS difference between NLRP3-\-HFD and WT-HFD was primarily explained by the difference in left ventricular end-systolic dimension (0.2716 cm WT vs. 0.1883 cm NLRP3-\-; p<0.05). Glucose tolerance measured by area under the curve (AUC) was significantly impaired by HFD feeding for both WT (23183 ND vs. 57298 HFD; p<0.001) and NLRP3-\- (23197 ND vs. 44626 HFD; p<0.001), but significantly better in the NLRP3-\-HFD than in WT-HFD (p<0.01). HFD feeding increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) for both WT (97.7 mg . dl -1 ND vs. 164.7 mg . dl -1 HFD; p<0.01) and NLRP3-\- (80.50 mg . dl -1 ND vs. 108.8 mg . dl -1 HFD; p<0.05), but significantly less in NLRP3-\- mice (NLRP3-\- vs. WT; p<0.05). For GTTs, body weight was significantly higher in the WT than NLRP3-\- fed HFD (47.93 g vs. 36.5 g; p<0.001). Body weight explained 92% of variation in glucose tolerance (p<0.0001) and 69% of variation in fasting blood glucose (p<0.0001). WT-HFD averaged 1.31X heavier than NLRP3-\-HFD, while the AUC for the IGTT was 1.28X larger for the WT-HFD than NLRP3-\-HFD. Body weights were not significantly different between genotypes at the time of echo. The results suggest that knockout of NLRP3 may be protective against HFD induced cardiovascular dysfunction. A protective effect on glucose tolerance is not strongly supported.

scholarly journals The Role of Exercise in Reducing Hyperlipidemia-Induced Neuronal Damage in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yumeng Bai ◽  
Yali Feng ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Zuowei Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Neuronal Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Expression Levels

Hyperlipidemia causes nervous system-related diseases. Exercise training has developed into an established evidence-based treatment strategy that is beneficial for neuronal injury. This study investigated the effect of exercise on hyperlipidemia-induced neuronal injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Male ApoE-/- mice (age: 8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups as follows: mice fed a normal diet (ND), normal diet+swimming training (ND+S), high-fat diet (HD), and high-fat diet+swimming (HD+S). Exercise training consisted of swimming for 40 min/day, 5 days/week for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, we measured serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). We also evaluated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression levels using immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting. In addition, NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin- (IL-) 18, caspase-1, Bax, Bcl-2, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) expression levels were measured using immunoblotting. Serum levels of TG, TC, and LDL-c were lower in ApoE-/- HD+S mice than in ApoE-/- HD mice. Immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting showed increased levels of GFAP in the ApoE-/- HD group. Immunoblotting revealed increased levels of NLRP3, IL-18, caspase-1, Bax, Bcl-2, and p-ERK in the ApoE-/- HD group; however, they were significantly suppressed in the ApoE-/- HD+S group. Therefore, exercise has protective effects against neuronal injury caused by hyperlipidemia.

scholarly journals Effects of exercise training on subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in normal- and high-fat diet-fed rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. E495-E504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja S. C. Gollisch ◽  
Josef Brandauer ◽  
Niels Jessen ◽  
Taro Toyoda ◽  
Ali Nayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Regular physical activity improves glucose tolerance and decreases adiposity. Our aim was to investigate the effects of exercise training on subcutaneous (inguinal) and visceral (parametrial) adipose tissue in rats that were fed a chow diet (13% fat) or made insulin resistant by a high-fat diet (60% fat). Sprague-Dawley rats performed 4 wk of voluntary wheel running or were kept as sedentary controls. The training groups fed chow and the high-fat diet achieved similar running distances (8.8 ± 1.8 and 9.3 ± 1.9 km/day, respectively). Training improved oral glucose tolerance in chow-fed rats and prevented the glucose intolerance that occurred in sedentary rats fed the high-fat diet. In both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, the high-fat diet-induced increases in fat pad weight (67% and 133%, respectively), adipocyte size (20% and 43%), and cell number (36% and 65%) were completely prevented by exercise training. Cytokine mRNA expression in visceral fat did not change with exercise training. However, in subcutaneous fat, training actually increased mRNA expression of several cytokines [IL-6: 80% ( P < 0.05); TNF-α: 100% ( P < 0.05); IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra): 57% ( P = 0.08)] with no detectable increases in serum cytokine concentrations. In summary, exercise training can overcome high-fat diet-induced impairments in glucose tolerance and increases in adipocyte size, cell number, and fat pad mass. Improved glucose tolerance was accompanied by an increase in cytokine gene expression in subcutaneous fat. This finding raises the possibility of a specific role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in adaptive responses to exercise training.

scholarly journals Exercise training alters effect of high-fat feeding on the ACTH stress response in pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Jankord ◽  
Venkataseshu K. Ganjam ◽  
James R. Turk ◽  
Marc T. Hamilton ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Acute Stressor ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity ◽  
Fat Feeding

Eating and physical activity behaviors influence neuroendocrine output. The purpose of this study was to test, in an animal model of diet-induced cardiovascular disease, the effects of high-fat feeding and exercise training on hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. We hypothesized that a high-fat diet would increase circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) and decrease the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol response to an acute stressor. We also hypothesized that exercise training would reverse the high-fat diet-induced changes in FFAs and thereby restore the ACTH and cortisol response. Pigs were placed in 1 of 4 groups (normal diet, sedentary; normal diet, exercise training; high-fat diet, sedentary; high-fat diet, exercise training; n = 8/group). Animals were placed on their respective dietary and activity treatments for 16–20 weeks. After completion of the treatments animals were anesthetized and underwent surgical intubation. Blood samples were collected after surgery and the ACTH and cortisol response to surgery was determined and the circulating concentrations of FFAs, glucose, cholesterol, insulin, and IGF-1 were measured. Consistent with our hypothesis, high-fat feeding increased FFAs by 200% and decreased the ACTH stress response by 40%. In exercise-trained animals, the high-fat diet also increased FFA; however, the increase in FFA in exercise-trained pigs was accompanied by a 60% increase in the ACTH response. The divergent effect of high-fat feeding on ACTH response was not expected, as exercise training alone had no effect on the ACTH response. Results demonstrate a significant interaction between diet and exercise and their effect on the ACTH response. The divergent effects of high-fat diet could not be explained by changes in weight gain, blood glucose, insulin, or IGF-1, as these were altered by high-fat feeding, but unaffected by exercise training. Thus, the increase in FFA with high-fat feeding may explain the blunted ACTH response to an acute stressor in sedentary animals, but cannot explain the exaggerated response in exercise trained animals.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Aggravates Cerebral Infarct, Hemorrhagic Transformation and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Stroke Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4571
Author(s):  
Coline Grisotto ◽  
Janice Taïlé ◽  
Cynthia Planesse ◽  
Nicolas Diotel ◽  
Marie-Paule Gonthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Infarct

Background: Stroke in context of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with a poorer outcome than in non-diabetic conditions. We aimed at creating a new reproducible mouse model of stroke in impaired glucose tolerance conditions induced by high-fat diet. Methods: Adult C57BL6 mice were fed for 2 months with either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD). We used a model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) were used to assess pre-diabetic status. Brain infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation (HT) as well as systemic and cerebral inflammatory markers were evaluated. Results: HFD was associated with an increased body weight and glycemia following OGTT. The HFD group presented a significant increase in brain infarct volume (38.7 (IQR 30–46.7%) vs. 28.45 (IQR 21–30%); p = 0.016) and HT (HFD: 2 (IQR 1–5) vs. ND: 0 (IQR 0–1); p = 0.012) and higher levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 in infarcted hemisphere compared to the ND group. Conclusion: Two months of HFD in adult mice were sufficient to alter the lipid profile and the control of hyperglycemia. These metabolic perturbations were significantly associated with increased infarct volume and hemorrhagic complications.

scholarly journals Influence of sex, high-fat diet, and exercise training on potassium currents of swine coronary smooth muscle

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (3) ◽  
pp. H1553-H1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Allan W. Jones ◽  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Leona J. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Coronary Smooth Muscle ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Males And Females

Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) control vasodilation and are potential regulatory targets. This study evaluated effects of sex differences, exercise training (EX), and high-fat diet (HF) on K+ currents ( IK) of coronary VSM cells. Yucatan male and female swine were assigned to either sedentary confinement (SED), 16 wk of EX, 20 wk of HF, or 20 wk of HF with 16 wk of EX (HF-EX). VSM cells of normal-diet SED animals exhibited three components of IK: 4-aminopyridine-sensitive IK(KV), TEA-sensitive IK(BK), and 4-aminopyridine + TEA-insensitive IK. Females exhibited significantly higher basal IK than males in the same group. EX increased basal IK in males and females. HF reduced IK in males and females and nullified effects of EX. Endothelin-1 increased IK significantly in males but not in females. In the presence of endothelin-1, 1) IK(KV) was similar in SED males and females and EX increased IK(KV) to a greater extent in males than in females and 2) IK(BK) was greater in SED females than in males and EX increased IK(BK) to a greater extent in males, resulting in IK(BK) similar to EX females. Importantly, HF nullified effects of EX on IK(KV) and IK(BK). These data indicate that basal IK of SED female swine is inherently greater than that shown in SED males and that males require EX to achieve comparable levels of IK. Importantly, HF reduced IK in males and females and nullified effects of EX, suggesting HF abrogates beneficial effects of EX on coronary smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiles in Adipocytes Differentiated from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Following Exercise Training or High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Seita Osawa ◽  
Hisashi Kato ◽  
Yuki Maeda ◽  
Hisashi Takakura ◽  
Junetsu Ogasawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Differentiation Potential

Controlling the differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is attracting attention as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Here, we aimed to observe the effect of exercise training (TR) and high-fat diet (HFD) on the metabolic profiles of ADSCs-derived adipocytes. The rats were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND)-fed control (ND-SED), ND-fed TR (ND-TR), HFD-fed control (HFD-SED), and HFD-fed TR (HFD-TR). After 9 weeks of intervention, ADSCs of epididymal and inguinal adipose tissues were differentiated into adipocytes. In the metabolome analysis of adipocytes after isoproterenol stimulation, 116 metabolites were detected. The principal component analysis demonstrated that ADSCs-derived adipocytes segregated into four clusters in each fat pad. Amino acid accumulation was greater in epididymal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of ND-TR and HFD-TR, but lower in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of ND-TR, than in the respective controls. HFD accumulated several metabolites including amino acids in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes and more other metabolites in epididymal ones. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that TR mainly affected the pathways related to amino acid metabolism, except in inguinal ADSCs-derived adipocytes of HFD-TR rats. These findings provide a new way to understand the mechanisms underlying possible changes in the differentiation of ADSCs due to TR or HFD.

scholarly journals Gene expression level of renalase in the skeletal muscles is increased with high-intensity exercise training in mice on a high-fat diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Tokinoya ◽  
Seiko Ono ◽  
Kai Aoki ◽  
Koki Yanazawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Shishikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Diet Intake

AbstractIntroductionExercise training is beneficial for reducing obesity. In particular, exercise training can lower the catecholamine concentration in circulation. Renalase, whose expression was first confirmed in the kidneys, is a physiologically active substance that decomposes circulating catecholamines; additionally, it has been reported to be present in the skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of renalase in the skeletal muscles and kidneys after high-intensity exercise training in obese mice.Material and methodsThe mice were divided into four groups: normal diet and sedentary, normal diet and exercise training, high-fat diet and sedentary, and high-fat diet and exercise training, and the test was performed for 8 weeks.ResultsBody weight and skeletal muscle wet weight were reduced by high-fat diet intake but were rescued by training. Skeletal muscle renalase gene expression was significantly increased by exercise training. However, in the kidneys the gene expression of renalase was significantly increased by high-fat diet intake and exercise training. No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of catecholamine-degrading enzymes, catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A and B.ConclusionWe demonstrated that exercise training increased the gene expression of renalase in the skeletal muscles and kidneys, thus lowering circulating catecholamine levels. This may lead to amelioration of obesity as catecholamines are lipolytic.

scholarly journals The Effects of Erythropoietin Dose Titration during High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Foskett ◽  
Mawadda Alnaeeli ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ruifeng Teng ◽  
Constance T. Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a pleotropic cytokine with several nonhematopoietic tissue effects. High-dose Epo treatment-mediated effects on body weight, fat mass and glucose tolerance have recently been reported, thus extending its pleotropic effects to fat and glucose metabolism. However, the exact dose range of Epo treatment required for such effects remains unidentified to date. We investigated Epo dosage effect (up to 1000 U/kg) on hematocrit, body weight, body composition, glucose metabolism, food intake, and physical activity, during high-fat diet-induced obesity. We report that Epo doses (1000, 600, 300, and 150 U/kg) significantly reduced body weight gain and fat mass, while, only Epo doses of 300 U/kg and higher significantly affected glucose tolerance. None of the tested Epo doses showed any detectable effects on food intake, and only 1000 U/kg dose significantly increased physical activity, suggesting that these parameters may only be partially responsible for the metabolic effects of Epo treatment.

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