scholarly journals Alternative Flicker Glass: a New Anti-suppression Approach to the Treatment of Anisometropic Amblyopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yuan ◽  
Chengcheng Zhu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Hu ◽  
Wenbo Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spectacle Frame

Introduction: Amlyopia always presents with monocular and binocular dysfunction. In this study, we aim to investage the efficacy of alternative occlusion using liquid crystal glasses versus continuous occlusion therapy using traditional patches for treating amblyopia. Methods: Eligible subjects with anisometropic amblyopia were randomized into two groups: alternative flicker glass (AFG) or patching group. In the AFG group, subjects were instructed to wear the flicker glasses for 1 hour a day. The AFG is a lightweight spectacle frame with liquid crystal lenses that provide direct square-wave alternating occlusion, which were pre-programmed at temporal frequency of 7Hz. In the patching group, the patients were prescribed to wear traditional patches for 2 hours a day. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and stereoacuity were measured at the baseline, 3 and 12 weeks. Results: In this pilot study, a total of forty children were recruited, with twenty in the AFG group. Mean BCVA improved by 0.17±0.14logMAR (95% CI=0.10 to 0.23) in the AFG group, while 0.18±0.18logMAR (95% CI=0.09 to 0.26) in the patching group from baseline to 12 weeks. The improvement of BCVA in both groups were significant (both P＜0.01), while no significant difference between the groups (P=0.82). The CSF of both low and high spatial frequencies exhibited significant improvement at 12 weeks in the AFG group (P＜0.01, respectively), while just have a significant improvement at low spatial frequency in the patching group (P＜0.01). The stereoacuity significantly improved by 504.00±848.00 (95% CI= -900.88 to -107.12) arc seconds in the AFG group (P＜0.05), while 263.50± 639.55 (95% CI=-562.82 to 35.82) arc seconds in the patching group (P＞0.05). Conclusion: Alternative flicker glass was effective in improving both monocular and binocular function, which was most likely achieved by reducing the suppression and promoting binocular fusion. This therapy exhibited promise as an alternative method for amblyopia treatment.

scholarly journals Photopic and Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity Function in the Presence of Glare and the Effect of Filters in Young Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Domínguez-Vicent ◽  
Emma Helghe ◽  
Marika Wahlberg Ramsay ◽  
Abinaya Priya Venkataraman
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity Function ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Young Subjects

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four different filters on contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic conditions with and without glare.Methods: A forced choice algorithm in a Bayesian psychophysical procedure was utilized to evaluate the spatial luminance contrast sensitivity. Five different spatial frequencies were evaluated: 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd). The measurements were performed under 4 settings: photopic and mesopic luminance with glare and no glare. Two long pass filters (LED light reduction and 511nm filter) and two selective absorption filters (ML41 and emerald filter) and a no filter condition were evaluated. The measurements were performed in 9 young subjects with healthy eyes.Results: For the no filter condition, there was no difference between glare and no glare settings for the photopic contrast sensitivity measurements whereas in the mesopic setting, glare reduced the contrast sensitivity significantly at all spatial frequencies. There was no statistically significant difference between contrast sensitivity measurements obtained with different filters under both photopic conditions and the mesopic glare condition. In the mesopic no glare condition, the contrast sensitivity at 6 cpd with 511, ML41 and emerald filters was significantly reduced compared to no filter condition (p = 0.045, 0.045, and 0.071, respectively). Similarly, with these filters the area under the contrast sensitivity function in the mesopic no glare condition was also reduced. A significant positive correlation was seen between the filter light transmission and the average AULCSF in the mesopic non-glare condition.Conclusion: The contrast sensitivity measured with the filters was not significantly different than the no filter condition in photopic glare and no glare setting as well as in mesopic glare setting. In mesopic setting with no glare, filters reduced contrast sensitivity.

scholarly journals Improvement in Contrast Sensitivity Function after Lacrimal Passage Intubation in Eyes with Epiphora

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2761
Author(s):  
Sujin Hoshi ◽  
Kuniharu Tasaki ◽  
Takahiro Hiraoka ◽  
Tetsuro Oshika
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity Function ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Prospective Case Series

This prospective case series aimed to investigate the contrast sensitivity function before and after lacrimal passage intubation (LPI) in eyes with epiphora due to lacrimal passage obstruction. We included 58 eyes of 51 patients who underwent LPI for lacrimal passage obstruction. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity function, and lower tear meniscus were compared before LPI and one month after lacrimal duct stent removal. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated for the analyses. Lower tear meniscus was assessed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The BCVA was comparable (p = 0.61) before and after LPI, while AULCSF increased significantly after treatment (before LPI: 1.29 ± 0.17, after LPI: 1.37 ± 0.14, p < 0.0001). Treatment resulted in a significant increase in contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies, 3–18 cycles/degree (p < 0.01 for 3, p < 0.01 for 6, p < 0.0005 for 12, p < 0.05 for 18 cycles/degree). The lower tear meniscus parameters improved significantly after treatment (p < 0.005); however, no correlation between the changes in the tear meniscus and those of the AULCSF was found. The contrast sensitivity significantly improved after LPI in eyes with epiphora due to lacrimal passage obstruction.

scholarly journals Levodopa Plus Occlusion Therapy versus Occlusion Therapy Alone for Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Farvardin ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khalili ◽  
Mehdi Behnia
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Termination ◽  
Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Administration

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the effects of short-term administration of levodopa plus occlusion therapy versus occlusion therapy alone in preschool children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: This comparative interventional study included 40 eligible preschool children aged 6 to 7 years with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. The primary outcome measure was the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity recorded at baseline, 3 weeks after the treatment initiation and 12 weeks after the treatment termination. The results were compared between the two groups. Results: No statistically significant intergroup difference was observed in baseline logMAR visual acuities (P = 0.92). The mean logMAR visual acuities of the amblyopic eyes were significantly better in both groups three weeks after the treatment initiation than the baseline (P < 0.01 in both groups). At 12 weeks after treatment termination, the logMAR visual acuities of the amblyopic eyes were significantly better than the baseline values (P < 0.001 in the placebo group and P = 0.09 in the levodopa group). Intergroup comparisons revealed no statistically significant difference in visual acuities 3 weeks after the treatment initiation (P = 0.11) and 12 weeks after the treatment termination (P = 0.10). Twelve weeks after the treatment termination, visual acuities regressed 0.037 logMAR in the placebo group and 0.042 logMAR in the levodopa group. These regression rates were not significantly different (P = 0.89). Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence that adding short-term administration of levodopa to occlusion therapy in hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia offers no additional benefit in visual outcomes and provides no advantage in terms of the regression rate.

scholarly journals Aspheric Intraocular Lenses Implantation for Cataract Patients with Extreme Myopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwen Fang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Aizhu Miao ◽  
Yi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Wavefront Aberrations ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Aspheric Iol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Cataract Patients

Objective. To evaluate the postoperative visual quality of cataract patients with extreme myopia after implantation of aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods. Thirty-three eyes were enrolled in this prospectivestudy. Eighteen eyes with an axial length longer than 28 mm were included in the extreme myopia group, and the other 15 eyes were included in the nonextreme myopia group. Phacoemulsification and aspheric IOL implantation were performed. Six months after cataract surgery, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberrations were measured, and subjective visual quality was assessed. Results. The BCVA improved significantly after surgery for both groups, and patients in the nonextreme myopia group achieved better postoperative BCVA due to better retinal status of the eyes. The evaluation of contrast sensitivity without glare was the same in both groups, whereas patients in the nonextreme myopia group performed better at intermediate spatial frequencies under glare conditions. The two groups did not show a significant difference in high-order aberrations. With regard to subjective visual quality, the composite scores of both groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions. Aspheric IOLs provided good visual outcomes in cataract patients with extreme myopia. These patients should undergo careful evaluation to determine the maculopathy severity level before surgery.

scholarly journals Outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery versus conventional phacoemulsification surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-178
Author(s):  
Anu Malik ◽  
Smruti Ranjan Dethi ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Alka Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Induced Astigmatism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Surgically Induced ◽  
Group 1

Aim: To compare surgical parameters and visual outcomes of coaxial microincision cataract surgery (MICS) with standard phacoemulsification. Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted on 60 eyes of 60 patients with age-related uncomplicated cataract who underwent: standard phacoemulsification surgery (30 eyes) i.e., Group 1, or coaxial MICS (30 eyes) i.e., Group 2. Intraoperative parameters were mean effective phacoemulsification power (EPP), effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), and total volume of balanced salt solution (BSS) used. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) were evaluated pre- and postoperatively. Results: Mean BCVA at 6 weeks was 0.04 ± 0.07 in Group 1 and 0.05 ± 0.08 in Group 2. No significant difference was observed in SIA between the two groups. Mean EPT was 29.80 ± 3.67 seconds in Group 1 and 31.93 ± 4.08 seconds in Group 2. The mean total EPP in Group 1 was 35.77 ± 5.17%, whereas it was 33.70 ± 3.05% in Group 2. There was a significant statistical difference between mean EPP and EPT in the two groups. Mean total BSS volume used in Group 1 was 128.83 ± 19.81 ml, whereas it was 139.33 ± 13.57 ml in Group 2. Conclusion: Although EPT and BSS volume used were significantly higher in coaxial MICS, the postoperative results of the two techniques were comparable.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of 25G vitrectomy surgery for malignant glaucoma in pseudophakia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
fei you
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Malignant Glaucoma ◽  
Intraocular Hemorrhage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Abstract Background: malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery is still one of the serious complications, if not handled properly，it may lead to serious consequences. It is notoriously difficult to treat. 25G vitrectomy was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy for the treatment of malignant glaucoma in pseudophakia. Methods: This is a retrospective, comparative case series study. A total of 20 eyes of 20 patients with malignant glaucoma after phacoemulsification were analyzed retrospectively in The First Affiliated Hospital Of Anhui Medical University from May 2015 to January 2018. All Medical Data including the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Change of intraocular pressure (IOP), the length of eye axis, and the depth of anterior chamber were recorded. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for analysis .Before surgery, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 1.8±0.6. The intraocular pressure was between 18-57mmHg, with an average of 35.2±10.4mmHg.The depth of anterior chamber was between 0.9-1.9mm, with an average of 1.3±0.2mm.The length of eye axis was 19.7-22.5mm,with an average of 20.6±0.5mm.All the patients were accomplished with 25G vitrectomy. Besides, anterior chamber inflammatory reaction and other complications were also observed postoperation. Results: The patients were followed up for 6-12 months with an average of 9 months. BCVA at the last follow up improved to 0.8±0.1, and there was significant difference compared to that before operation (P<0.01).IOP was from 12-19mmHg, an average of 16.1±2.5mmHg, there was significant difference compared to that before operation (t=7.6, p<0.01).Only one patient occurred low IOP (6mmHg) after surgery, IOP returned to normal level (14mmHg) after conservative treatment. No serious complications including corneal endothelium decompensation, intraocular lens (IOL) capture, intraocular hemorrhage, endophthalmitis and uncontrolled IOP were observed. Conclusions: 25G minimally invasive vitrectomy can treat malignant glaucoma after cataract surgery safely and effectively

scholarly journals Acoustic Change Complex (ACC) using Speech and Non-Speech Stimuli in Normal Hearing Children

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Elkholy ◽  
D M Hassan ◽  
N A Shafik ◽  
Y E K Eltoukhy
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Discrimination ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Spectral Change ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hearing Children

Abstract Background Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) are brain responses evoked by sound and are processed in or near the auditory cortex. ACC is a cortical auditory evoked potential (P1-N1-P2) elicited by a change within an ongoing sound stimulus. Objective To reach the best stimuli that can elicit ACC and act as an objective tool for assessment of cortical auditory discrimination in normal hearing children. Patients and Methods The present study was originally designed to standardize ACC evoked response in 41 children aged from 2 to 10 years. The mean age in our study group was 6.2 years with no significant difference between males and females. Stimuli used in this study were specifically designed to be used by AEP equipment that is capable of uploading short duration stimuli (500 msec.), thus can be used in a regular AEP lab. ACC was elicited by three groups of stimuli. Gap-in-tones stimuli represent temporal change (6, 10, 30 and 50 msec. gap introduced to 1000 Hz tone separately), frequency pairs stimuli represent frequency change (2%, 4%, 10% and 25% change from base freq. 1000 Hz) and vowel pairs stimuli represent spectral change (/i-u/, /u-i/, /i-a/. /a-i/, /u-a/, /a-u/). ACC response parameters were compared when using the different stimuli as regards percent detectability, morphology, latency and amplitude. Results Gap-in-tones at 6 msec. and 4% frequency change could elicit ACC response in 100% of subjects. For spectral change, /u-i/ was the highest in eliciting ACC (78%) followed by /i-u/ (68.2%) then /a-i/ (58.5%). ACC had the same morphology of the onset response in the majority of subjects, with longer latency and smaller amplitude. ACC amplitude is a better indicator of cortical discrimination compared to latency because it is consistently affected by magnitude of change. Conclusion ACC is a good electrophysiological tool for cortical auditory discrimination for temporal, frequency and spectral change.

Uveitis associated with latent tuberculosis: A comparative study of the impact of antitubercular therapy combined or not with systemic corticosteroids

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212096206
Author(s):  
Sacha Nahon-Esteve ◽  
Arnaud Martel ◽  
Celia Maschi ◽  
Mohamed Alketbi ◽  
Stephanie Baillif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remission Rate ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Antitubercular Therapy ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Active Inflammation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Disease

Purpose: To study the outcome of latent tubercular uveitis (LTBU) treated with antitubercular therapy (ATT) combined or not with adjuvant systemic corticosteroids. Methods: Twenty patients (27 eyes) with LTBU were included in a monocentric retrospective study and evaluated for the absence of active disease after treatment. Data on the clinical outcomes (active inflammation), vision (best-corrected visual acuity, BCVA) and treatment were collected retrospectively. Results: Fourteen patients received ATT alone and six patients received ATT combined with systemic corticosteroids. The two groups were not comparable in terms of proportion of tubercular panuveitis cases and initial BCVA (59.3 ± 8.2 letters vs 44.2 ± 15.2 letters). There was no significant difference in remission rate and in BCVA between both groups 3 months after ATT discontinuation. Conclusion: Patients with LTBU treated with ATT alone had visual and inflammatory outcomes at least comparable to those of patients treated with ATT combined with systemic corticosteroids.

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