scholarly journals Excess Body Weight and Metabolic (Dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Elke Roeb
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a continuum of liver abnormalities from simple nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic fatty liver hepatitis or steatohepatitis (NASH) to NASH fibrosis. It has a variable course, but just like alcoholic fatty liver disease, it can lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> NAFLD is a clinical entity characterized by the presence of liver steatosis, which affects at least 5% of hepatocytes. Affected are people who consume little or no alcohol and who have no secondary cause of liver steatosis such as viral hepatitis, drug intake (e.g., tamoxifen, amiodarone, methotrexate, etc.), or lipodystrophy. NAFLD is, nowadays, the most common liver disease in Europe, with an estimated prevalence of 25%. The currently widely recognized recommendation for the therapy of NAFLD is a lifestyle modification with the goal of weight loss. Although no drugs are currently approved for the treatment of NAFLD, several candidates are in clinical trials. Besides weight loss and physical activity, corresponding single active ingredients or combination therapies are intended to stop the progression of the disease and, in the best case, reverse it. The newly propagated name MAFLD (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) should indicate that the disease is associated with metabolic disorders. The term MAFLD also implies multiple overlapping causes and drivers of this soaring disease. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> The prevalence of NAFLD continues to rise worldwide. NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis in NAFLD occur predominantly in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or else precede these conditions. The progression of NAFLD is highly dependent on changes in glucose, lipid metabolism, and fibrogenesis. A new definition and nomenclature of fatty liver disease, “metabolic associated fatty liver disease” (MAFLD), should be discussed carefully, since around 40% of the global population with NAFLD are classified as non-obese and almost 1/5 as lean. Since the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease, obesity, and glucose and lipid metabolism diseases are very closely related, it is important to continue to look for mechanisms that these diseases have in common and develop new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Weight Reduction on Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Opportunities to Improve Treatment Outcomes Through Pharmacotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chance S. Friesen ◽  
Chelsea Hosey-Cojocari ◽  
Sherwin S. Chan ◽  
Iván L. Csanaky ◽  
Jonathan B. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Obesity is the single greatest risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Without intervention, most pediatric patients with NAFLD continue to gain excessive weight, making early, effective weight loss intervention key for disease treatment and prevention of NAFLD progression. Unfortunately, outside of a closely monitored research setting, which is not representative of the real world, lifestyle modification success for weight loss in children is low. Bariatric surgery, though effective, is invasive and can worsen NAFLD postoperatively. Thus, there is an evolving and underutilized role for pharmacotherapy in children, both for weight reduction and NAFLD management. In this perspective article, we provide an overview of the efficacy of weight reduction on pediatric NAFLD treatment, discuss the pros and cons of currently approved pharmacotherapy options, as well as drugs commonly used off-label for weight reduction in children and adolescents. We also highlight gaps in, and opportunities for, streamlining obesity trials to include NAFLD assessment as a valuable, secondary, therapeutic outcome measure, which may aid drug repurposing. Finally, we describe the already available, and emerging, minimally-invasive biomarkers of NAFLD that could offer a safe and convenient alternative to liver biopsy in pediatric obesity and NAFLD trials.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Serum Visfatin, Blood Glucose, Lipid Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty liver Disease in Simple Obese Children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
mostafa Ahmed EL Foly ◽  
lubna Anas Fawaz ◽  
Ashraf Mohammed Osman ◽  
Salwa Hussien Swelam ◽  
Noura Elbakry
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)leading to fibrosis and potentially cirrhosis, and it is one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide.NAFLD is associated with other medical conditions suchas metabolic syndrome, obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Visfatin is an adipocytokine hormone, which exerts an insulin-like effect by binding to the insulin receptor-1, we aim to investigate the correlation between serum Visfatin and both glucose, lipid metabolism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Simple obese children. Methods: This prospective study included 62 children clinically evaluated as obese and 35 apparently healthy children, age and sex matched as controls. Patients were recruited from the emergency department, in-patient wards and out-patient clinics of thepediatric department of EL-Mina University, children's hospital.While controls were collected from healthy school children during day time between September, 2016 and October, 2017. Fasting Visfatin, glucose, hemoglobinA1cand lipid levels were assayed and abdominal ultrasonography was done for detection of NAFLD. Results There was a statistically significant correlation between serum Visfatin level and BMI (p<0.01), cholesterol levels (p< 0.01), triglycerides levels (p< 0.01), LDL levels (p< 0.01), HDL levels (p< 0.01) in both overweight and obese groups. Conclusions: Visfatin plays an important role in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, also in inflammation and insulin resistance, suggesting a role in pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Key words: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; metabolic syndrome; Visfatin

scholarly journals Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jernej Brecelj ◽  
Rok Orel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing. A lot of new data are published regularly. Materials and Methods: Original clinical studies, review articles, and guidelines in children were searched for and the most relevant included in this review. Results: A total of 138 retrieved papers were classified into pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Pathogenesis is currently explained with the “multi hit hypothesis”, with complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors which trigger inflammation in steatotic liver. The prevalence is rising. A diagnosis can be made with laboratory tests, imaging, and liver biopsy after the exclusion of other causes of liver steatosis. The mainstay of treatment is lifestyle modification consisting of dietary intervention and increased physical activity. The progression to liver cirrhosis can occur even in children. Conclusions: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children is a part of a metabolic syndrome in the majority of patients. Due to its complex etiology and high prevalence, multidisciplinary teams, together with public health professionals, should be involved in its treatment.

scholarly journals Beetroot Supplementation on Non - Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIKHA SRIVASTAVA ◽  
ZEBA SIDDIQI ◽  
TARUNA SINGH ◽  
LAKSHMI BALA
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Control Prospective Study

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease is closely related to obesity and insulin resistance. Beetroot is proposed to have hepatoprotective and hypolipidemic effects due to the presence of active compound betaine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of beetroot supplementation in patients with NAFLD. The present study was a case-control prospective study in which 40 cases and 40 controls with NAFLD were advised to follow a lifestyle modification along with prescribed treatment but in cases, beetroot powder supplementation was also given orally for 12 weeks. The clinical, symptoms, biochemical parameters, and ultrasonography measured were recorded at baseline and after 12 weeks post beetroot supplementation. Beetroot powder supplementation improved clinical symptoms, significant reduction in liver enzymes and lipid profiles, as well as significant reduction in liver size as compared to controls. We did not find any significant effect of beetroot supplementation on fatty liver grade. The supplementation of beetroot powder for 12 weeks showed a hepatoprotective effect in NAFLD subjects. Further long- term studies are recommended to assess beetroot powder supplementation effect on the grade of fatty liver.

Randomized trial comparing effects of weight loss by liraglutide with lifestyle modification in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Khoo ◽  
John C. Hsiang ◽  
Ranu Taneja ◽  
Seok‐Hwee Koo ◽  
Gaik‐Hong Soon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

scholarly journals Management of Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Hashem ◽  
Amani Khalouf ◽  
Andres Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractWith the recent urbanization and globalization, the adult obesity rate has been increasing, which was paralleled with a dramatic surge in the incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD poses a growing threat to human health as it represents the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. It encompasses a wide spectrum of conditions starting from a build-up of fat in hepatocytes (steatosis), to developing inflammation (steatohepatitis), and reaching up to cirrhosis. It is also associated with higher rates of cardiovascular mortalities. Therefore, proper timely treatment is essential and weight loss remains the cornerstone in the treatment of obesity-related liver diseases. When diet, exercise, and lifestyle changes are not successful, the current recommendation for weight loss includes antiobesity medications and bariatric endoscopic and surgical interventions. These interventions have shown to result in significant weight loss and improve liver steatosis and fibrosis. In the current literature review, we highlight the expected outcomes and side effects of the currently existing options to have a weight-centric NAFLD approach.

New therapy for fatty liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Tanita Suttichaimongkol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of death from liver cirrhosis, endstage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also associated with increased cardiovasculardisease and cancer related mortality. While lifestyle modifications are the mainstay of treatment,only a proportion of patients are able to make due to difficult to achieve and maintain, and so moretreatment options are required such as pharmacotherapy. This review presents the drugs used inmanaging NAFLD and their pharmacologic targets. Therapies are currently directed towards improvingthe metabolic status of the liver, insulin resistance, cell oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation orfibrosis. Several agents are now in large clinical trials and within the next few years, the availability oftherapeutic options for NAFLD will be approved.     Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis  

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