scholarly journals Environmental Cues and Mechanisms Underpinning Sex Change in Fish

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Laura Casas ◽  
Fran Saborido-Rey
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Group A ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Female Networks

Fishes are the only vertebrates that undergo sex change during their lifetime, but even within this group, a unique reproductive strategy is displayed by only 1.5% of the teleosts. This lability in alternating sexual fate is the result of the simultaneous suppression and activation of opposing male and female networks. Here, we provide a brief review summarizing recent advances in our understanding of the environmental cues that trigger sex change and their perception, integration, and translation into molecular cascades that convert the sex of an individual. We particularly focus on molecular events underpinning the complex behavioral and morphological transformation involved in sex change, dissecting the main molecular players and regulatory networks that shape the transformation of one sex into the opposite. We show that histological changes and molecular pathways governing gonadal reorganization are better described than the neuroendocrine basis of sex change and that, despite important advances, information is lacking for the majority of hermaphrodite species. We highlight significant gaps in our knowledge of how sex change takes place and suggest future research directions.

scholarly journals Molecular Events Involved in Fruitlet Abscission in Litchi

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Minglei Zhao ◽  
Jianguo Li
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Fruit Abscission ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Fruitlet Abscission

Abscission in plants is an active and highly coordinated physiological process in which organs abscise from the plant body at the abscission zone (AZ) in responding to either developmental or environmental cues. Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is an important economic fruit crop widely grown in Southeast Asia particularly in South China. However, the excessive fruit drop during fruit development is a major limiting factor for litchi production. Thus, it is an important agricultural concern to understand the mechanisms underlying the fruit abscission in litchi. Here, we present a review focusing on the molecular events involved in the fruitlet abscission. We also highlight the recent advances on genes specifically associated with fruit abscission and perspectives for future research.

scholarly journals Molecular signals that govern tuber development in potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Kirtikumar R. Kondhare ◽  
Bhavani Natarajan ◽  
Anjan K. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Signals

The potato serves as the fourth most important food crop on the planet after the three cereal crops. It is rich in starch, storage proteins and important vitamins, dietary antioxidants and minerals. Potato is a modified stem (stolon) that grows underground, at the base of the plant, under favourable conditions. Perception and processing of signals occur in leaves and the corresponding information is transported to the stolon-tip. The elongation of the stolon-tip ceases and the plane of cell division changes from transverse to longitudinal, causing swelling of the sub-apical region of the stolon. This is accompanied by synthesis of starch in leaves, followed by its transport to and accumulation in the stolon. The initiation of tuber developmental signals and the subsequent stolon-to-tuber transition (tuberization) is undoubtedly a dynamic process which involves integration of multiple molecular factors, environmental cues and crosstalk between various pathways, including phytohormones. Understanding the tuberization process has been an aim of many plant biologists across the globe. Recent discoveries have shown that apart from photoperiod and hormonal metabolism, there are crucial transcription factors, small RNAs, full-length mobile mRNAs and proteins that regulate tuberization in potato. Although we have gained significant knowledge about the tuberization process, many questions on the underlying mechanisms of tuber development remain to be answered. In this review, we summarize the crucial molecular signals that govern tuber formation and propose an updated tuberization network along with future research directions.

The Emerging Ethics of Knowledge Sharing

2011 ◽  
pp. 80-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maslin Masrom ◽  
Zuraini Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Participatory Culture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Community Or ◽  
Group A ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Or Organization

A key challenge that is emerging for organizations in nowadays is how to encourage knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing is an activity through which knowledge is exchanged among people, a community or organization. Knowledge constitutes a valuable intangible asset for creating and sustaining competitive advantages. Knowledge sharing activities are generally supported by knowledge management systems. Nevertheless, technology comprises simply one of the several issues that influence organizational knowledge sharing, such as organizational culture, trust, and incentives. So, knowledge sharing entails a key challenge in the field of knowledge management because some individuals tend to resist sharing their knowledge with others (it may be an individual, a group, a community, or an organization). The aim of this chapter is to describe and discuss three emerging ethics of knowledge-sharing, namely: (1) hacker ethics, (2) participatory culture ethics, and (3) proselytization commons ethics. Future research directions are suggested and concluded the chapter.

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