scholarly journals COVID-19 in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Impact of Old and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Manuel Alfredo Podestà ◽  
Federica Valli ◽  
Andrea Galassi ◽  
Matthias A. Cassia ◽  
Paola Ciceri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Cardiovascular disease is a frequent complication and the most common cause of death in patients with CKD. Despite landmark medical advancements, mortality due to cardiovascular disease is still 20 times higher in CKD patients than in the general population, which is mainly due to the high prevalence of risk factors in this group. Indeed, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CKD patients are exposed to nontraditional ones, which include metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory alterations. The global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought novel challenges for both cardiologists and nephrologists alike. Emerging evidence indicates that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of cardiovascular events and that several aspects of the disease may synergize with pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients. A better understanding of these mechanisms is pivotal for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events in this context, and we believe that additional clinical and experimental studies are needed to improve cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients with COVID-19. In this review, we provide a summary of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors in CKD patients, discussing their interaction with SARS-CoV-2 infection and focusing on CO­VID-19-related cardiovascular complications that may severely affect short- and long-term outcomes in this high-risk population.

scholarly journals Family history and polygenic risk of cardiovascular disease: independent factors associated with secondary cardiovascular events in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Timmerman ◽  
Dominique P.V. de Kleijn ◽  
Gert J. de Borst ◽  
Hester M. den Ruijter ◽  
Folkert W. Asselbergs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundFamily history (FHx) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a risk factor for CVD and a proxy for cardiovascular heritability. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) summarizing >1 million variants for coronary artery disease (CAD) are associated with incident and recurrent CAD events. However, little is known about the influence of FHx or PRS on secondary cardiovascular events (sCVE) in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).MethodsWe included 1,788 CEA patients from the Athero-Express Biobank. A weighted PRS for CAD including 1.7 million variants was calculated (MetaGRS). The composite endpoint of sCVE during three years follow-up included coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral events and cardiovascular death. We assessed the impact of FHx and MetaGRS on sCVE and carotid plaque composition.ResultsPositive FHx was associated with a higher 3-year risk of sCVE independent of cardiovascular risk factors and MetaGRS (adjusted HR 1.40, 95%CI 1.07-1.82, p=0.013). Patients in the highest MetaGRS quintile had a higher 3-year risk of sCVE compared to the rest of the cohort independent of cardiovascular risk factors including FHx (adjusted HR 1.35, 95%CI 1.01-1.79, p=0.043), and their atherosclerotic plaques contained more fat (adjusted OR 1.59, 95%CI, 1.11-2.29, p=0.013) and more macrophages (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.12-1.99, p=0.006).ConclusionIn CEA patients, both positive FHx and higher MetaGRS were independently associated with increased risk of sCVE. Moreover, higher MetaGRS was associated with vulnerable plaque characteristics. Future studies should unravel underlying mechanisms and focus on the added value of PRS and FHx in individual risk prediction for sCVE.

scholarly journals The importance of cardiovascular risk factors in approaching the hypertensive patient by the family doctor

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Cristina-Gabriela MILITARU ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Cristian BEJAN ◽  
Oana NICOLESCU ◽  
Ioana Veronica GRAJDEANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Impact

Cardiovascular diseases, such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, are a major health problem for the patient, in terms of declining quality of life, but also increasing spending on the health system. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the involvement of cardiovascular risk factors related to patients' lifestyle (salt intake, saturated fats, alcohol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle) or other modifiable risk factors (total cholesterol, triglycerides, obesity, hypertension arterial blood sugar, glycemia, metabolic syndrome), in the occurrence of cardiovascular disease and the impact of the association of risk factors in increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease specific cardiovascular risk factors among non dialytic patients with Chronic Kidney Disease stage-V–An experience of a specialized hospital

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Saha ◽  
MO Faroque ◽  
KS Alam ◽  
MM Alam ◽  
S Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Study Population

The study was carried out to see prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) specific cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events among patients with Chronic Kidney Disease stage-V (CKD-V) before starting dialysis therapy in the department of Nephrology of National Institute of Kidney Diseases & Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Among CKD specific cardiovascular risk factors, anemia showed the highest prevalence (96.7%) in study population. More than fifty percent of CKD-V patients had both hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Calcium-Phosphate Product (CaXP) was elevated among 23 percent of the population. C-reactive protein, an acute phase protein was positive in 78% of CKD-V patients. Besides, among traditional risk factors, Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus were present in 83.3% and 23% of the study population respectively. The prevalence of cardiovascular events among CKD-V patients showed that 18.3% had ischemic heart disease, 38% heart failure, 4.7% arrhythmia and 9% left ventricular hypertrophy. Females were significantly prone to develop cardiovascular events than their male counterpart (p=0.028). Diabetes was significantly higher in patients with cardiovascular complications than in patients without cardiovascular complications (p=0.021). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10447 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 18-22

scholarly journals The impact of modern cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome on long-term outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Gabriel Cristian BEJAN ◽  
◽  
Liviu Nicolae GHILENCEA ◽  
Mihaela Adela IANCU ◽  
Mihaela Daniela BALTĂ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

Metabolic syndrome is also called insulin resistance syndrome or catecholamine excess syndrome and is a cluster of cardiometabolic factors that result in increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes type 2. Due to sedentary lifestyle and hypercaloric diet with an increased content of saturated fat and carbohydrates that characterizes modern life style of the population, especially in urban areas, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, thus becoming a very topical issue for the medical world. During the years 2013-2014 we conducted an observational study on a sample of 111 hypertensive patients without major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction or stroke, aged between 48 and 83 years, who have determined the prevalence of modern cardiovascular risk factors such as hs CRP, serum uric acid, 24-hour proteinuria, serum fibrinogen and the ratio of apo B/apo A1, associated with the metabolic syndrome. The study was conducted separately by gender in the sense that we followed prevalence of these modern risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in both genders, women and men. We also watched the influence of risk factors related to lifestyle on metabolic syndrome. Finally, we determined the correlation of these factors with the risk of death from cardiovascular disease to observe their influence on the prognosis of metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Isabel del Olmo-Garcia ◽  
Juan Francisco Merino-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Therapeutic Algorithms ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Cardiovascular Benefit

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease prevalence of which is high and continually growing. Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death in patients with T2DM. The prevention of cardiovascular complications and the cardiovascular safety of treatments should be a primary objective when selecting treatment. Among all the drugs available, the compounds known as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) appear to be not just innocuous in terms of CVD but indeed to be beneficial. GLP-1 RA actions not only translate on an improvement of well-known cardiovascular risk factors such as glycaemic control, dyslipidaemia, weight, or arterial hypertension but also might show benefits on endothelial function, coronary ischaemia, and heart failure. On the other hand, recent clinical trials aimed at studying cardiovascular episodes have been conducted with GLP-1 RAs. Only liraglutide and semaglutide have shown superiority in cardiovascular benefit compared with placebo. Although many of the mechanisms by which liraglutide and semaglutide produce a cardiovascular benefit are still unknown it would be desirable for these benefits to be incorporated into the therapeutic algorithms routinely used in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to explore GLP-1 RA actions not only in cardiovascular risk factors (glucose, weight, and hypertension) but also the possible effects on established cardiovascular disease.

Effect of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular risk factors, major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality in men with functional hypogonadism and cardiovascular disease in a real-world registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F Saad ◽  
A Haider ◽  
K.S Haider ◽  
G Doros ◽  
A.M Traish
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Testosterone Therapy

Abstract Background Cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy (TTh) in men with functional hypogonadism has been debated. Purpose To investigate cardiovascular risk factors and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and mortality in a high-risk population in a real-world setting. Methods Of 773 men with functional (non-organic) hypogonadism in a registry study, 217 had a pre-existing cardiovascular disease. 99 men received parenteral TU 1000 mg/12 weeks following an initial 6-week interval (T-group) for up to 15 years, 118 opted against TTh and served as controls (CTRL). Most measurements were performed 2–4 times a year for approximately 1,800 patient-years. 11-year data were analysed. Changes over time between groups were compared and adjusted for age, weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, blood pressure, lipids and quality of life to account for baseline differences between the two groups. Results Mean baseline age: 61.5±4.6 years (T-group), 63.9±4.9 (CTRL) (p<0.0005). 86.9% in the T-group and 61.9% in CTRL (p<0.0001) were obese at baseline. Mean BMI (kg/m2) declined by 8.3±0.4 in the T-group and increased by 2.5±0.4 in CTRL at 11 years, estimated adjusted difference between groups: −10.8 (p<0.0001 for all). Weight loss was 20.8±0.6% (T-group), weight gain 8.1±0.5% (CTRL), difference between groups: −28.8% (p<0.0001 for all). 99% in the T-group and 97.5% in CTRL (p<0.001) had hypertension at baseline. Mean systolic blood pressure (BP) (mmHg) decreased by 36.2±1.3 (T-group) and increased by 9.3±1.3 (CTRL), difference between groups: −45.5 (p<0.0001 for all). Diastolic BP decreased by 24.0±1.0 (T-group) and increased by 7.7±1.0 (CTRL), difference between groups: −31.7 (p<0.0001 for all). Lipids (mmol/L): LDL cholesterol decreased by 2.1±0.1 (T-group) and increased by 0.9±0.1 (CTRL), difference between groups: −3.0 (p<0.0001 for all). Non-HDL cholesterol decreased by 5.7±0.4 (T-group) and increased by 4.8±0.4 (CTRL), difference between groups: −10.5 (p<0.0001 for all). Remnant cholesterol decreased by 1.2±0.1 (T-group) and increased by 1.0±0.1 (CTRL), difference between groups: −2.2 (p<0.0001 for all). 67.7% in the T-group and 55.1% in CTRL (NS) had type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at baseline. HbA1c (%) decreased by 3.4±0.2 (T-group) and increased by 2.7±0.2 (CTRL), difference between groups: −6.0 (p<0.0001 for all). 29 men (24.6%) were diagnosed with T2DM during follow-up. Mortality: 13 deaths (13.1%) in the T-group. 40 (33.9%) in CTRL (p<0.0005). Non-fatal myocardial infarctions: None in the T-group, 31 (26.3%) in CTRL (py0.0001). Non-fatal strokes: None in the T-group, 29 (24.6%) in CTRL (p<0.0001). Medication adherence to testosterone was 100% as all injections were administered in the medical office and documented. Conclusions In men with functional hypogonadism, long-term TTh improves cardiovascular risk factors and reduces cardiovascular events and mortality. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Bayer AG

Disease activity and lifestyle influence the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular events in acromegaly

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Sardella ◽  
Daniele Cappellani ◽  
Claudio Urbani ◽  
Luca Manetti ◽  
Giulia Marconcini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events
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