scholarly journals Chromosome 22 Deletions and Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ali Bani-Fatemi ◽  
Christopher Adanty ◽  
Nasia Dai ◽  
Ariel Graff ◽  
Philip Gerretsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
Chromosome 22 ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Studies have shown that the overall copy number variant (CNV) load is associated with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is frequently associated with suicidal behavior. Methods: We recruited 263 patients with schizophrenia from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale was used to assess the presence of lifetime suicide attempt. Genotyping was completed using the Illumina Omni 2.5 chip. We tested the association between deletion events on chromosome 22 with suicide attempt in our schizophrenia sample. Results: There was no significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters considering the presence/absence of deletion events on chromosome 22. Conclusion: Although our results did not show a significant association between deletions on chromosome 22 and suicide attempt in schizophrenia, CNV studies may reveal important, novel insights and open further investigation for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Past Suicidal Behavior on Current Suicidality: A Retrospective Study in the Israeli Military

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Leah Shelef ◽  
Jessica M Rabbany ◽  
Peter M Gutierrez ◽  
Ron Kedem ◽  
Ariel Ben Yehuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference

Past suicide attempts are a significant risk factor for future suicidality. Therefore, the present military-based study examined the past suicidal behavior of soldiers who recently made a severe suicide attempt. Our sample consisted of 65 active-duty soldiers (61.5% males), between the ages of 18 and 28 years old (M = 20.4, SD ± 1.3). The inclusion criterion was a recent severe suicide attempt, requiring at least a 24 h hospitalization. This sample was divided into two groups, according to previous suicidal behavior, namely whether their first suicide attempt was before or after enlistment (n = 25; 38.5% and n = 40; 61.5%, respectively). We then examined the lethality and intent of the recent event in regard to this division. Four measures were used to assess the subjects’ suicidal characteristics: the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. No significant difference in the severity of the suicide attempts (either actual or potential severity) were found between those who had suicide attempts before enlistment and those who had their first attempt in the service. As a matter of fact, most of the suicide attempts that occurred for the first time during military service had used a violent method (58.3%, n = 21). Finally, using multivariate analyses, we found that current thoughts and behavior, rather than past suicidality, was the strongest predictor for the lethality of suicide attempts.

Relationships between attempted suicide, temperamental vulnerability, and violent criminality in a Swedish forensic psychiatric population

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 386-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gunilla Stålenheim
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

SummaryThe relationship between suicide attempts and different vulnerability factors was investigated in 61 male subjects during forensic psychiatric examination. Personality traits and psychopathy were determined by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Clinical diagnoses were determined by the use of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was investigated in 58 subjects.Suicide attempters had extremely low socialization and high impulsive aggression. This was independent of a history of repeatedly criminal violence or not. They had higher PCL-R scores and lower levels of platelet MAO activity than non-attempters. No relationship was found between suicide attempts and repeated violent criminality. However, among the subjects with repeated criminal violence there was a highly significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters, indicating different personality profiles in violent offenders with and without suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior was significantly associated with borderline personality disorder, but not with any other single DSM-III-R disorder. The results show a far more severe personality disturbance in suicide attempters than in other violent patients in this type of population. Suicidal behavior should therefore be evaluated and treated per se.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Serious Suicide Attempts: Difference Between Older and Younger Attempters in the Emergency Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Seo Eun Cho ◽  
Jae Myeong Kang ◽  
Soo Kyun Woo ◽  
Seung-Gul Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Male Sex

Objective: Suicide attempts of the older adults are known to be more serious than that of the younger adults. Despite its major social impact in South Korea, the behavioral mechanism of serious suicide attempt (SSA) in old people remains to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated the risk factors for SSA in older and younger suicide attempters in the emergency department.Methods: Demographic data, clinical information, and the level of seriousness of suicide with Risk Rescue Rating Scale were compared between older (age ≥65) and younger (age <65) adults who visited the emergency department for a suicide attempt. Regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for SSA in these two groups.Results: Among 370 patients, 37 were older adults (10%; aged 74.41 ± 6.78), more likely to have another medical disease (p < 0.001), and a higher suicide completion rate (16.2 vs. 5.4%, p = 0.023). In the younger group, old age (B = 0.090, p < 0.001), male sex (B = −0.038, p = 0.019), and impression of schizophrenia (B = 0.074, p = 0.027) were associated with a higher risk-rescue ratio and interpersonal stress condition was associated with a lower risk-rescue ratio (B = −0.045, p = 0.006). In the older group, however, no variables were included significant in the regression model for the Risk Rescue Rating Scale.Conclusions: Demographic and clinical factors such as old age, male sex, interpersonal stress, and impression of schizophrenia were associated with lethality in the younger suicide attempters. However, no factors were associated with SSA in the older adult group. Different mechanisms may underly the lethality in old age suicide.

scholarly journals Reducing Patient Risk for Suicidal Behaviors with a Safety Bundle of Best Practices with Non-Psychiatric Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Olayemi Akindele
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Surgical Unit

Practice Problem: Suicide is a public health condition that affects people globally. The increased suicidal behaviors of patients in a medical-surgical unit demanded an effective screening protocol to identify high-risk patients. PICOT: In patients 18 years and older on a medical-surgical unit, does the implementation of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) tool and application of a Safety Bundle of Best Practices (SBBP) increase early identification of suicide risk with decreased patient self-harm behaviors, compared to the current standard practice of no assessment tool or safety bundle of best practices within 12 weeks? Evidence: Ten studies served as evidence that assessment of early suicidal-risk behaviors decreased patient self-harm. The evidence supported the implementation of the C-SSRS tool and application of the Safety Bundle of Best Practices for the project intervention. Intervention: The intervention consisted of three phases (pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention): a) patients were screened with the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS); b) suicidal patients were managed with Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS); and c) a Safety Plan Intervention (SPI) was employed to manage suicidal behaviors. Outcome: At the start of the assessment period, pre-intervention data yielded a C-SSRS risk score mean of 0.81; following the eight-week implementation period, post-intervention data yielded a C-SSRS risk score mean of 0.75. There was a marginally significant difference between the means at pre- and post-intervention, showing a lower suicidal risk at post-intervention, p = 0 .07, t-test result (31) = 1.87. Conclusion: The decrease in patient self-harm behaviors with the implementation of the C-SSRS tool and application of SBBP was not statistically significant (SBBP). However, the decrease did indicate a clinically meaningful improvement in suicidal behavior outcomes after implementation of the intervention.

scholarly journals Repetitive negative thinking about suicide: Associations with lifetime suicide attempts

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Teismann ◽  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Johannes Michalak ◽  
Julia Brailovskaia
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Negative Thinking

Background Repetitive negative thinking has been identified as an important predictor of suicide ideation and suicidal behavior. Yet, only few studies have investigated the effect of suicide-specific rumination, i.e., repetitive thinking about death and/or suicide on suicide attempt history. On this background, the present study investigated, whether suicide-specific rumination differentiates between suicide attempters and suicide ideators, is predictive of suicide attempt history and mediates the association between suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Method A total of 257 participants with a history of suicide ideation (55.6% female; Age M = 30.56, Age SD = 11.23, range: 18–73 years) completed online measures on suicidality, general and suicide-specific rumination. Results Suicide-specific rumination differentiated suicide attempters from suicide ideators, predicted suicide attempt status (above age, gender, suicide ideation, general rumination) and fully mediated the association between suicide ideation and lifetime suicide attempts. Conclusion Overall, though limited by the use of a non-clinical sample and a cross-sectional study design, the present results suggest that suicide-specific rumination might be a factor of central relevance in understanding transitions to suicidal behavior.

Mapping the genetic architecture of suicide attempt and suicide death using polygenic risk scores for clinically-related psychiatric disorders and traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ikuo Otsuka ◽  
Hanga Galfalvy ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Masato Akiyama ◽  
Dan Rujescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Suicide Death

Abstract Background Suicidal behavior is moderately heritable and a consequence of a combination of the diathesis traits for suicidal behavior and suicide-related major psychiatric disorders. Here, we sought to examine shared polygenic effects between various psychiatric disorders/traits and suicidal behavior and to compare the shared polygenic effects of various psychiatric disorders/traits on non-fatal suicide attempt and suicide death. Methods We used our genotyped European ancestry sample of 260 non-fatal suicide attempters, 317 suicide decedents and 874 non-psychiatric controls to test whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) obtained from large GWASs for 22 suicide-related psychiatric disorders/traits were associated with suicidal behavior. Results were compared between non-fatal suicide attempt and suicide death in a sensitivity analysis. Results PRSs for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, ADHD, alcohol dependence, sensitivity to environmental stress and adversity, educational attainment, cognitive performance, and IQ were associated with suicidal behavior (Bonferroni-corrected p < 2.5 × 10−4). The polygenic effects of all 22 psychiatric disorders/traits had the same direction (p for binomial tests = 4.8 × 10−7) and were correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.85) between non-fatal suicide attempters and suicide decedents. Conclusions We found that polygenic effects for major psychiatric disorders and diathesis-related traits including stress responsiveness and intellect/cognitive function contributed to suicidal behavior. While we found comparable polygenic architecture between non-fatal suicide attempters and suicide decedents based on correlations with PRSs of suicide-related psychiatric disorders/traits, our analyses are limited by small sample size resulting in low statistical power to detect difference between non-fatal suicide attempt and suicide death.

Understanding adolescent responses to differently worded suicide attempt questions: results from a large US pediatric sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Claire Hatkevich ◽  
Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan ◽  
David Brent ◽  
Bradley J. Barney ◽  
T. Charles Casper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Research Areas

Background Clinical assessments are a primary method for ascertaining suicide risk, yet the language used across measures is inconsistent. The implications of these discrepancies for adolescent responding are unknown, which is troubling as multiple research areas (i.e. on culture, mental health language, and suicide communication) indicate individuals from varying sociodemographic backgrounds may communicate differently regarding mental health concerns. The aims of the current study are to investigate whether a geographically diverse sample of adolescents respond differently to directly and indirectly phrased suicide attempt questions (i.e. directly phrased includes the term ‘suicide’ and indirectly asks about suicidal behavior without using ‘suicide’), and to examine whether sociodemographic factors and history of mental health service usage relate to endorsement differences. Methods Participants were N = 5909 adolescents drawn from the Emergency Department Screening for Teens at Risk for Suicide multi-site study. The lifetime suicide attempt was assessed with two items from an adapted version of the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS; Posner et al., 2008): (1) a directly phrased question asking about ‘suicide attempts’ and (2) an indirectly phrased question providing the definition of an attempt. Results An adolescent majority (83.7%) consistently reported no lifetime suicide attempt across items, 10.1% consistently reported one or more lifetime attempts across items, and 6.2% of adolescents responded discordantly to the items. Conclusions Multivariable models indicated multiple demographic and mental health service variables significantly predicted discordant responding, with a notable finding being that father/stepfather education level at or below high school education predicted endorsing only the direct question.

scholarly journals Predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S399-S399
Author(s):  
N. Maruta ◽  
I. Mudrenko
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Level

IntroductionCognitive disorders are associated with a wide range of psychopathological syndromes and behavioral disorders, and suicidal manifestations in dementia are understudied nowadays.ObjectivesTo investigate clinical-psychopathological predictors of a suicidal behavior in patients with dementia.MethodologyForty-four patients with dementia were examined: 23 patients with suicidal manifestations and 21 patients without them (control group). Clinical and psychometrical methods were used: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale; Assessment of Suicide Risk scale; Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and statistical ones.ResultsIt was determined that male patients with dementia had suicidal behavioral manifestations more often than female patients (69.6%; P < 0.05). An average age of the patients was 69.88 ± 1.85 years with no significant difference between the main and control groups.The majority of the patients with dementia (52.3%) had suicidal manifestations. Real suicidal intentions were the most frequent (25%; P < 0.05); 20.5% of patients expressed passive thoughts (anti-vital sentences, fantasies, ideas concerning death); 2 patients (6.82%; P < 0.05) had suicidal attempts. Patients with suicidal tendencies in their clinical picture more often had hallucinatory syndrome (39.1%; P < 0.05); features of severe depression (35.04 ± 1.54 points; P < 0.01); a high level of suicidal risk (26.34 ± 1.68 points; P < 0.01); a severe cognitive deficit (ММSE score 0–10); and a significantly lower level of self-awareness of death (18.53 ± 0.72 points; P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group.ConclusionsA high suicide risk in dementia correlated with a level of depressive symptoms (r = 0.6), moderate and/or severe grades of dementia (r = 0.45), and a low level of self-awareness of death (r = 0.35).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Suicide attempters: Clinical characteristics and management

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S601-S601
Author(s):  
E. Gattoni ◽  
A. Feggi ◽  
C. Gramaglia ◽  
P. Bergamasco ◽  
I. Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
History Of

BackgroundSuicide attempts, defined as self-inflicted, potentially injurious behaviors with a nonfatal outcome, and with evidence of intent to die are extremely prevalent. Literature suggests that suicide is more common among males, while attempted suicide is more frequent among females. Depression, mental disorders, substance use disorders and history of suicidal behavior are important risk factors for suicide: the risk of suicide attempt is 3 to 12 times higher in psychiatric patients than in the general population.AimThe aim of our study was to compare severity of depressive symptoms in a sample of suicide attempters with a diagnosis of bipolar and related disorders or depressive disorders and in a sample of sex- and diagnosis-matched patients who do not commit a suicide attempt. The severity of attempted suicide and the suicidal risk in the hospital will be assessed as well.Material and methodsWe collected a sample of inpatients who committed a suicide attempt during 2015. For each attempter, we selected another sex- and diagnosis-matched patient with no history of attempted suicide. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample were gathered. Assessment included: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for severity of depressive symptoms in both groups, Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) for the severity of attempted suicide and the suicidal risk with a nurse assessment for suicide.ResultsData collecting is still ongoing. We expected to find more severe symptoms in patients who attempted suicide. Clinical implication will be discussed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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