Depression Severity Is Related to Less Gross Body Movement: A Motion Energy Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Sandmeir ◽  
Désirée Schoenherr ◽  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Henning Schauenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Objectively Measured

Psychomotor retardation is a well-known clinical phenomenon in depressed patients that can be measured in various ways. This study aimed to investigate objectively measured gross body movement (GBM) during a semi-structured clinical interview in patients with a depressive disorder and its relation with depression severity. A total of 41 patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder were assessed both with a clinician-rated interview (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and a self-rating questionnaire (Beck Depression Inventory-II) for depression severity. Motion energy analysis (MEA) was applied on videos of additional semi-structured clinical interviews. We considered (partial) correlations between patients’ GBM and depression scales. There was a significant, moderate negative correlation between both measures for depression severity (total scores) and GBM during the diagnostic interview. However, there was no significant correlation between the respective items assessing motor symptoms in the clinician-rated and the patient-rated depression severity scale and GBM. Findings imply that neither clinician ratings nor self-ratings of psychomotor symptoms in depressed patients are correlated with objectively measured GBM. MEA thus offers a unique insight into the embodied symptoms of depression that are not available via patients’ self-ratings or clinician ratings.

scholarly journals Hot and cold cognitive disturbances in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder: a NeuroPharm study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. H. Dam ◽  
D. S. Stenbæk ◽  
K. Köhler-Forsberg ◽  
C. Ip ◽  
B. Ozenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances

Abstract Background Cognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals. Methods We collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time. Results The depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity. Conclusion We identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.

scholarly journals Different cytokine patterns associate with melancholia severity among inpatients with major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204512532093792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Primo de Carvalho Alves ◽  
Neusa Sica da Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Pattern ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background Six melancholic features (MFs) of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D6) represent the construct of melancholia along a continuum of severity (from least to most severe: depressed mood, work and activities, somatic symptoms, psychic anxiety, guilty feelings, psychomotor retardation). We aimed to evaluate the association between these MFs and inflammatory cytokines (IC) in the blood. Methods Each IC [interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17] was associated with the HAM-D6 MFs of 139 severely depressed inpatients, using multiple linear regressions adjusted for covariates. Levels were compared with those of 100 healthy controls. Results Depressed mood was associated with higher levels of IL-4 ( β = 0.167; p = 0.041). Psychic anxiety: lower IL-17 levels ( β = –0.173; p = 0.039). Guilt feelings: lower IL-2 levels ( β = −0.168; p = 0.041) Psychomotor retardation: higher IL-6 levels ( β = 0.195; p = 0.017). Depressed patients’ TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-4 levels were not significantly different from controls. Depressed patients’ IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were higher than those of controls ( p <0.001). Conclusion Less severe MFs (depressed mood, psychic anxiety, and guilt feelings) were associated with an anti-inflammatory pattern (higher IL-4, lower IL-17 and lower IL-2, respectively). The presence of the most severe MF, psychomotor retardation, was associated with a higher pro-inflammatory response (higher IL-6).

Is There a Delay in the Onset of the Antidepressant Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy?

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin R. Rodger ◽  
Allan I. F. Scott ◽  
Lawrence J. Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Drug Free ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

The severity of depression in 11 drug-free unipolar patients diagnosed with definite major depressive disorder was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression during a course (5–10 treatments) of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The degree of improvement after three treatments of ECT was six times greater than the improvement that occurred over the remainder of the course. Although depressed patients who recover with ECT require repeated treatments, the treatments early in a course of ECT can have marked antidepressant effect.

De Widlöcher Remmingsschaal, een Nederlandse Schaal Voor het Meten van Psychomotorische Remming

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.C. de Weme ◽  
T. Hoeksema ◽  
J.G. Goekoop
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Dutch Translation ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Sum Scores

SummaryAim: Translation of a specific instrument to measure psychomotor retardation, the “Widlöcher Retardation Rating Scale” and validation of this Dutch translation (Widlöcher remmingsschaal, WRS). Method: In three separate studies, we studied reliability (n = 26), concurrent and divergent validity (n = 25) and predictive validity (n = 28) of the WRS. In- and outpatients with a depressive disorder or schizophrenia participated, and scores on the WRS were compared with those on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and retardation items of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS).Results: The internal consistency was good (Cronbach alpha = 0.86), interrater reliability was sufficient to good, the correlation between the sumscores of both raters was r = 0.84, n = 23, p <0.01 and the kappa's were between 0.23 and 0.80. Convergent and divergent validity showed in comparing the correlation between the sum scores on the WRS and the CPRS retardation items (r = 0.91, n = 25, p < 0.01 ) with the correlation between the sumscores on the WRS and the MADRS (r = 0.40, n = 25, p = 0.1). The decrease of the sum scores on the WRS after two weeks of treatment with antide-pressants predicted remission after six weeks. A subgroup of the patients who were not in remission after six weeks, showed a predominance of retardation signs over mood disturbances. The same clinical picture was seen in a group of patients with a chronic disorder.Conclusion: De Widlöcher Retardation Rating Scale in this Dutch translation is a usefull instrument to measure psychomotor retardation. The connection between remaining retardation symptoms and longterm prognosis deserves further investigation.

The Influence of HF-rTMS Treatment on Psychomotor Symptoms in Medication-resistant Depressed Patients of the Melancholic Subtype

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
L. Santermans ◽  
N. Vanderbruggen ◽  
M. Meers ◽  
C. Baeken
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Psychomotor Activity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Psychomotor Symptoms

Aims:Current evidence suggests that high frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (HF-rTMS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) might be a promising treatment strategy for depression. However, due to rather modest clinical results, the efficacy of rTMS in depressed patients is still under debate. As melancholic depression seems to affect psychomotor activity, in this study, we wanted to evaluate whether HF-rTMS treatment affects psychomotor activity. We also wanted to examine whether the severity of psychomotor retardation could predict clinical outcome.Method:Our group consisted of twenty antidepressant-free unipolar depressed patients of the melancholic subtype. All were considered at least stage II treatment resistant. Depression severity was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and psychomotor symptoms with the Depressive Retardation Rating Scale (DRRS). All received 10 sessions of HF-rTMS delivered on the left DLPFC.Results:Forty percent of the patients showed a reduction of at least 50% on their initial HDRS score and were defined as HF-rTMS responders.The severity of psychomotor retardation, as measured with the DDRS, did not predict clinical outcome. HF-rTMS treatment resulted in significant decreases in DDRS scores for responders as well as for non-responders. However: the better the clinical outcome, the higher the observed level of psychomotor improvement.Conclusion:Our results suggest that HF-rTMS might act on the ‘psychomotor’ level and this might add some further information as to why this kind of treatment can be beneficial for severely depressed patients of the melancholic subtype.

scholarly journals Motion energy analysis reveals altered body movement in youth at risk for psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek J. Dean ◽  
Alayna T. Samson ◽  
Raeana Newberry ◽  
Vijay A. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Youth At Risk

Serious diabetes-specific emotional problems in patients with type 2 diabetes who have different levels of comorbid depression: A Polish study from the European Depression in Diabetes (EDID) Research Consortium

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kokoszka ◽  
F. Pouwer ◽  
A. Jodko ◽  
R. Radzio ◽  
P. Mućko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common View ◽  
Subclinical Depression

AbstractObjectiveDepression is a common psychiatric problem in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). A common view is that the burden of having DM2 contributes to the development of depression in DM2. Aim of the present study was to compare the levels of diabetes-specific emotional problems of DM2 patients with diagnosed depression with those with a subclinical form of depression and those without depression.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 101 DM2 patients (51 men and 50 women, mean age = 63,17; SD = 10,74) who completed a standardized, structured psychiatric diagnostic interview (MINI), the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale as well as the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale (a 20-item measure, with an overall scale measuring diabetes-related emotional distress and four subscales [negative emotions, treatment-related problems, food-related problems, lack of social support]).ResultsA depression diagnosis was made in 35% (n = 35) of the participants, 24% (n = 24) had a subclinical form of depression, 42% (n = 42) were not diagnosed with any kind of depressive disorder. Diabetes-specific emotional problems were most common in DM2 patients with a depressive disorder (significantly highest PAID score: 39) compared to patients with subclinical depression or no depression. In the group of non-depressed patients, only 14% agreed to have four or more (somewhat) serious diabetes-specific problems. In those with subclinical depression, this percentage was 42% and in those with a depressive disorder 49% (P < 0.001).ConclusionsDiabetes-related emotional problems are particularly common among DM2 patients with comorbid clinical depression and to a lesser extent in patients with subclinical depression, compared to non-depressed DM2 patients. Male diabetes patients with a depressive disorder are particularly vulnerable to develop high levels of diabetes-specific emotional distress. Major differences between the three groups mainly concern the diabetes-specific problems connected with the illness.

scholarly journals Association between suicide risk severity and sarcopenia in non-elderly Chinese inpatients with major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Fan ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
Yujun Wei ◽  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

Abstract Background: Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder. Recent studies showed high rates of suicide in non-elderly adults and the association between muscle health and suicide. But there have been no previous studies on the relationship between suicide risk severity and sarcopenia in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to explore the association between suicide risk severity and sarcopenia in non-elderly Chinese inpatients with MDD. Methods: The first-episode drug-naïve MDD inpatients aged 20-59 years with the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-24) scores of ＞20 were included, who were then classified into low, intermediate, high and very high suicide risk groups according to the Nurses' Global Assessment of Suicide Risk (NGASR). The HAMD-24, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) and the SARC-F questionnaire were used to assess depression severity, anxiety severity and sarcopenia, respectively. The plasma levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were measured. Results: A total of 192 MDD inpatients (122 females, 70 males; aged 39.3 ± 11.7 years) were included, with 12.5% of sarcopenia. There were significant differences in gender, HAMD score and prevalence of sarcopenia among the suicide risk groups. Adjusted ordinal regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with severer suicide risk (OR=2.39, 95%CI 1.02-5.58, p=.044). Conclusions: This study revealed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with higher suicide risk in non-elderly Chinese MDD inpatients after adjustment for depression severity. Intervention of sarcopenia might be effective to reduce the risk of suicide in non-elderly MDD patients.

scholarly journals Brain structural correlates of insomnia severity in 1053 individuals with major depressive disorder: results from the ENIGMA MDD Working Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Leerssen ◽  
Tessa F. Blanken ◽  
Elena Pozzi ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Lyubomir Aftanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Insomnia Severity

AbstractIt has been difficult to find robust brain structural correlates of the overall severity of major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that specific symptoms may better reveal correlates and investigated this for the severity of insomnia, both a key symptom and a modifiable major risk factor of MDD. Cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes were assessed from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 1053 MDD patients (age range 13-79 years) from 15 cohorts within the ENIGMA MDD Working Group. Insomnia severity was measured by summing the insomnia items of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Symptom specificity was evaluated with correlates of overall depression severity. Disease specificity was evaluated in two independent samples comprising 2108 healthy controls, and in 260 clinical controls with bipolar disorder. Results showed that MDD patients with more severe insomnia had a smaller cortical surface area, mostly driven by the right insula, left inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis, left frontal pole, right superior parietal cortex, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, and right supramarginal gyrus. Associations were specific for insomnia severity, and were not found for overall depression severity. Associations were also specific to MDD; healthy controls and clinical controls showed differential insomnia severity association profiles. The findings indicate that MDD patients with more severe insomnia show smaller surfaces in several frontoparietal cortical areas. While explained variance remains small, symptom-specific associations could bring us closer to clues on underlying biological phenomena of MDD.

scholarly journals Effects of agomelatine and mirtazapine on sleep disturbances in major depressive disorder: evidence from polysomnographic and resting-state functional connectivity analyses

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Feng Mi ◽  
Serik Tabarak ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Su-Zhen Zhang ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients

Abstract To investigate effects of agomelatine and mirtazapine on sleep disturbances in patients with major depressive disorder. A total of 30 depressed patients with sleep disturbances, 27 of which completed the study, took agomelatine or mirtazapine for 8 weeks. Subjective scales were administered, and polysomnography was performed at baseline and at the end of week 1 and 8. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and at the end of week 8. Compared with baseline, scores on the Hamilton Depression Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Sleep Dysfunction Rating Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index after 8 weeks of treatment significantly decreased in both groups, with no significant differences between groups, accompanied by significant increases in total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and significant decrease in wake after sleep onset. Mirtazapine treatment increased N3 sleep at week 1 compared with agomelatine treatment, but this difference disappeared at week 8. The increases in the percentage and duration of N3 sleep were positively correlated with increases in connectivity between right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and right precuneus and between left posterior cingulate cortex and right precuneus in both groups, respectively. Functional connectivity (FC) between right dlPFC and left precuneus in mirtazapine group was higher compared with agomelatine group after 8 weeks of treatment. These findings indicated that both agomelatine and mirtazapine improved sleep in depressed patients, and the effect of mirtazapine was greater than agomelatine with regard to rapidly increasing N3 sleep and gradually improving FC in the brain.

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