scholarly journals Electrostatic Filters to Reduce COVID-19 Spread in Bubble CPAP: An in vitro Study of Safety and Efficacy

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Davis ◽  
J. Jane Pillow ◽  
Matthew N. Cooper ◽  
Mar Janna Dahl
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Filter Placement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Electrostatic Filter ◽  
Bubble Cpap

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Bubble CPAP may be used in infants with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Electrostatic filters may reduce cross infection. This study aims to determine if including a filter in the bubble CPAP circuit impacts stability of pressure delivery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A new electrostatic filter was placed before (pre) or after (post) the bubble CPAP generator, or with no filter (control) in an in vitro study. Pressure was recorded at the nasal interface for 18 h (6 L/min; 7 cm H<sub>2</sub>O) on 3 occasions for each configuration. Filter failure was defined as pressure &#x3e;9 cm H<sub>2</sub>O for 60 continuous minutes. The filter was weighed before and after each experiment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean (SD) time to reach the fail point was 257 (116) min and 525 (566) min for filter placement pre- and post-CPAP generator, respectively. Mean pressure was higher throughout in the pre-generator position compared to control. The filter weight was heavier at end study in the pre- compared to the post-generator position. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Placement of the filter at the pre-generator position in a bubble CPAP circuit should be avoided due to unstable mean pressure. Filters are likely to become saturated with water over time. The post-generator position may accommodate a filter, but regular pressure monitoring and early replacement are required.

scholarly journals Electrostatic filters to reduce COVID-19 spread in bubble CPAP: an in vitro study of safety and efficacy.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W Davis ◽  
J Jane Pillow ◽  
Matt Cooper ◽  
Mar Janna Dahl
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Filter Placement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
Electrostatic Filter ◽  
Bubble Cpap

Background: Bubble CPAP may be used in infants with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Electrostatic filters may reduce cross-infection. This study aims to determine if including a filter in the bubble CPAP circuit impacts stability of pressure delivery. Methods: A new electrostatic filter was placed before (pre) or after (post) the bubble CPAP generator, or with no filter (control) in an in vitro study. Pressure was recorded at the nasal interface for 18 h (6 L/min; 7 cmH2O) on three occasions for each configuration. Filter failure was defined as pressure >9 cmH20 for 60 continuous minutes. The filter was weighed before and after each experiment. Results: Mean (SD) time to reach the fail-point was 257 (116) min and 525 (566) min for filter placement pre- and post-CPAP generator, respectively. Mean pressure was higher throughout in the pre-generator position compared to control. The filter weight was heavier at study end in the pre- compared to the post-generator position. Conclusions: Placement of the filter at the pre-generator position in a bubble CPAP circuit should be avoided due to unstable mean pressure. Filters are likely to become saturated with water over time. The post-generator position may accommodate a filter, but regular pressure monitoring and early replacement are required.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study on the Effect of a New Bioactive Desensitizer on Dentin Tubule Sealing and Bonding

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Minh N. Luong ◽  
Laurie Huang ◽  
Daniel C. N. Chan ◽  
Alireza Sadr
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength

Bioactive mineral-based dentin desensitizers that can quickly and effectively seal dentinal tubules and promote dentin mineralization are desired. This in vitro study evaluated a novel nanohydroxyapatite-based desensitizer, Predicta (PBD, Parkell), and its effect on bond strength of dental adhesives. Human dentin discs (2-mm thick) were subjected to 0.5 M EDTA to remove the smear layer and expose tubules, treated with PBD, and processed for surface and cross-sectional SEM examination before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for four weeks (ISO 23317-2014). The effects of two dental desensitizers on the microshear bond strength of a universal adhesive and a two-step self-etch system were compared. SEM showed coverage and penetration of nanoparticles in wide tubules on the PBD-treated dentin at the baseline. After four weeks in SBF, untreated dentin showed amorphous mineral deposits while PBD-treated dentin disclosed a highly mineralized structure integrated with dentin. Desensitizers significantly reduced microshear bond strength test (MSBS) of adhesives by 15–20% on average, depending on the bonding protocol. In conclusion, PBD demonstrated effective immediate tubules sealing capability and promoted mineral crystal growth over dentin and into the tubules during SBF-storage. For bonding to desensitizer-treated dentin, a two-step self-etching adhesive or universal bond with phosphoric acid pretreatment are recommended.

scholarly journals Influence of Changing the Diameter of the Bubble Generator Bottle and Expiratory Limb on Bubble CPAP: An in vitro Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Shan Wu ◽  
Chuen-Ming Lee ◽  
Yeong-Seng Yuh ◽  
Yi-Ming Hua
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Bubble Cpap ◽  
Expiratory Limb

scholarly journals Erratum to: Efficiency of powered systems for interproximal enamel reduction (IER) and enamel roughness before and after polishing—an in vitro study

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2323-2323
Author(s):  
Sebastian Zingler ◽  
Andreas Sommer ◽  
Sinan Sen ◽  
Daniel Saure ◽  
Jochen Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Enamel Roughness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Enamel Reduction

The permeability of natural dentine caries before and after restoration: An in vitro study

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 656-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taher O. Elgalaid ◽  
Steve L. Creanor ◽  
Siobhan Creanor ◽  
Andrew F. Hall
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Study of microbial spread when using multiple-use nasal anaesthetic spray

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
M. Rashid ◽  
Y.G. Karagama
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Xylocaine Spray ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Fluorescein Dyes

Background: Current economic constraints have led to the emergence of reusable anaesthetic sprays with replacement nozzles (Xylocaine) as an alternative to disposable anaesthetic solutions (Co-phenylcaine) for rhinological procedures. The former costs 213.84 per year vers12,047.69 for the latter, at equivocal doses. However, research regarding the sterility of such instruments is limited. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine whether bottles of Xylocaine could pose a risk of cross-infection to patients. Methods: Two techniques were used. The first was to introduce nozzles into methylene blue and fluorescein dyes, and then analysing the anaesthetic solutions using spectrophotometry for assessment of colour change indicating retrograde contamination. The second method involved spraying Xylocaine into cultures of Staphylococcus aureus with concurrent nozzle changes. This was repeated over a 36-day-period. Sterility checks were performed on the Xylocaine before and after inoculation into the culture. Results: None of the anaesthetic solutions showed the presence of dyed saline following spectrophotometric analysis. No S. aureus was isolated from any of the 30 spray bottles cultures over the 36-day trial period. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that using the Xylocaine spray with disposable nozzles for each patient should not pose a cross infection risk to patients.

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