scholarly journals MicroRNA Expression Profiles in the Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues of Morbidly Obese Chinese Women

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Chen Shang ◽  
Hui Pan ◽  
Hongbo Yang ◽  
Huijuan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Obesity is a main global health issue and an outstanding cause of morbidity and mortality. Exploring miRNA profiling may help further studies on obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Three morbidly obese and 5 normal-weight Chinese women were enrolled in the microarray testing group. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples were excised. Total RNAs including miRNAs were extracted. Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array was used to compare the expression profiles of miRNAs between the 2 groups. Two algorithms, miRanda and TargetScan, were used to predict target messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis was then done based on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The sample sizes were further expanded to 8 morbidly obese and 9 normal-weight subjects, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to verify the expression of differential miRNAs and target genes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> As per the microarray assay, 58 miRNAs were differentially expressed in the SAT from the morbidly obese and normal-weight groups (Fold &#x3e;4, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01, FDR &#x3c;0.05); 54 of these were downregulated and 4 were upregulated in morbidly obese subjects. A total of 1,333 target genes were jointly predicted by miRanda and TargetScan. Further bioinformatics analysis showed that the differential miRNAs were involved in 269 significant biological functions and 89 significant signaling pathways. The validation experiment by qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of miRNA-143-5p, miRNA-143-3p, miRNA-145-5p, and let-7a-5p were downregulated in morbidly obese subjects, consistent with the microarray detection. High-mobility group A2 (<i>HMGA2</i>), a target gene of the downregulated miRNA let-7a-5p, was first found to be upregulated 3.19-fold in the SAT of morbidly obese Chinese women when compared to normal-weight controls. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> MiRNA downregulation is a hallmark of intact SAT in a morbidly obese state. Transcription (DNA-dependent), small-molecule metabolic processes, the MAPK signaling pathway, and cancer-related pathways may play important roles in the occurrence and development of obesity. For the first time, we proved that <i>HMGA2</i>, a target gene of let-7a-5p, is upregulated in the SAT of morbidly obese Chinese women.

scholarly journals Effect of miR-27b-5p on apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cells induced by simulated microgravity

APOPTOSIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Kai Pan ◽  
Cheng-Fei Li ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Yong-Chun Wang ◽  
Xi-Qing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Simulated Microgravity ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

AbstractWeightlessness-induced cardiovascular dysfunction can lead to physiological and pathological consequences. It has been shown that spaceflight or simulated microgravity can alter expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we attempt to identify the role of miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) apoptosis under simulated microgravity. RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs under simulated microgravity. Then we obtained the target genes of these miRNAs through target analysis software. Moreover, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed. The effects of these miRNAs on HUVECs apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot and Hoechst staining. Furthermore, we obtained the target gene of miR-27b-5p by luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, we investigated the relationship between this target gene and miR-27b-5p in HUVECs apoptosis under normal gravity or simulated microgravity. We found 29 differentially expressed miRNAs in HUVECs under simulated microgravity. Of them, the expressions of 3 miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. We demonstrated that miR-27b-5p affected HUVECs apoptosis by inhibiting zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1). Our results reported here demonstrate for the first time that simulated microgravity can alter the expression of some miRNAs in HUVECs and miR-27b-5p may protect HUVECs from apoptosis under simulated microgravity by targeting ZHX1.

scholarly journals Identification and Evaluation of Reference Genes for Normalization of Gene Expression in Developmental Stages, Sexes, and Tissues of Diaphania caesalis (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Qianqian Meng ◽  
Xi Zhu ◽  
Shiwei Sun ◽  
Aiqin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Target Gene Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Abstract Diaphania caesalis (Walker) is an important boring insect mainly distributed in subtropical and tropical areas and attacked tropical woody grain crops, such as starchy plants of Artocarpus. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a powerful approach for investigating target genes expression profiles at the transcriptional level. However, the identification and selection of internal reference genes, which is often overlooked, is the most vital step before the analysis of target gene expression by qRT-PCR. So far, the reliable internal reference genes under a certain condition of D. caesalis have not been investigated. Therefore, this study evaluated the expression stability of eight candidate reference genes including ACT, β-TUB, GAPDH, G6PDH, RPS3a, RPL13a, EF1α, and EIF4A in different developmental stages, tissues and sexes using geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper algorithms. To verify the stability of the recommended internal reference genes, the expression levels of DcaeOBP5 were analyzed under different treatment conditions. The results indicated that ACT, RPL13a, β-TUB, RPS3a, and EF1α were identified as the most stable reference genes for further studies on target gene expression involving different developmental stages of D. caesalis. And ACT and EIF4A were recommended as stable reference genes for different tissues. Furthermore, ACT, EF1α, and RPS3a were ranked as the best reference genes in different sexes based on three algorithms. Our research represents the critical first step to normalize qRT-PCR data and ensure the accuracy of expression of target genes involved in phylogenetic and physiological mechanism at the transcriptional level in D. caesalia.

scholarly journals Microrna-130a Downregulates HCV Replication through an atg5-Dependent Autophagy Pathway

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiong Duan ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Wenting Li ◽  
Jacinta A. Holmes ◽  
Annie J. Kruger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Pyruvate Metabolism ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Antiviral Genes ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Host Antiviral Response

We previously identified that miR-130a downregulates HCV replication through two independent pathways: restoration of host immune responses and regulation of pyruvate metabolism. In this study, we further sought to explore host antiviral target genes regulated by miR-130a. We performed a RT² Profiler™ PCR array to identify the host antiviral genes regulated by miR-130a. The putative binding sites between miR-130a and its downregulated genes were predicted by miRanda. miR-130a and predicted target genes were over-expressed or knocked down by siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA. Selected gene mRNAs and their proteins, together with HCV replication in JFH1 HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cells were monitored by qRT-PCR and Western blot. We identified 32 genes that were significantly differentially expressed more than 1.5-fold following miR-130a overexpression, 28 of which were upregulated and 4 downregulated. We found that ATG5, a target gene for miR-130a, significantly upregulated HCV replication and downregulated interferon stimulated gene expression. miR-130a downregulated ATG5 expression and its conjugation complex with ATG12. ATG5 and ATG5-ATG12 complex affected interferon stimulated gene (ISG) such as MX1 and OAS3 expression and subsequently HCV replication. We concluded that miR-130a regulates host antiviral response and HCV replication through targeting ATG5 via the ATG5-dependent autophagy pathway.

scholarly journals Facilitating Airway Surgery in a Morbidly Obese Patient Using Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Jia Lee ◽  
Kelvin Howyow Quek
Keyword(s):  
Obese Patient ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Airway Surgery ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese Patient ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Difficult Airways ◽  
Surgical Field

Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) is a relatively new noninvasive oxygenation technique with a broad range of applications. It is used in the treatment of type one respiratory failure, as a preoxygenation tool, as a rescue and temporising measure in difficult airways, and as step-down oxygen therapy in patients after extubation. Its use has also been described in laryngeal surgeries, but they mainly involved normal-weight subjects or were used as a bridging oxygenation therapy before definitive airway is secured. The major benefits of using THRIVE in obese subjects undergoing laryngeal surgery include a tubeless and uninterrupted surgical field. This advantage is especially crucial in obese patients as they tend to have limited oropharyngeal space, rendering a shared airway technically challenging for surgeons. However, concerns of potential difficult airway and shorter safe apnoeic time in the obese population limit its use. In this case, we report its use as the sole oxygenation strategy in a morbidly obese patient undergoing airway surgery. Our experience suggests that THRIVE can provide a conducive operating field and adequate oxygenation in short apnoeic laryngeal procedures in the obese population, without causing excessive hypercarbia.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of GA2ox, GA3ox, and GA20ox Are Related to Gibberellin Oxidase Genes in Grape (Vitis Vinifera L.)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
He ◽  
Liang ◽  
Lu ◽  
Wang ◽  
Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Grape Genome

Gibberellin (GAs) plays the important role in the regulation of grape developmental and growth processes. The bioinformatics analysis confirmed the differential expression of GA2, GA3, and GA20 gibberellin oxidase genes (VvGA2oxs, VvGA3oxs, and VvGA20oxs) in the grape genome, and laid a theoretical basis for exploring its role in grape. Based on the Arabidopsis GA2oxs, GA3oxs, and GA20oxs genes already reported, the VvGA2oxs, VvGA3oxs, and VvGA20oxs genes in the grape genome were identified using the BLAST software in the grape genome database. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using software such as DNAMAN v.5.0, Clustalx, MapGene2Chrom, MEME, GSDS v.2.0, ExPASy, DNAsp v.5.0, and MEGA v.7.0. Chip expression profiles were generated using grape Affymetrix GeneChip 16K and Grape eFP Browser gene chip data in PLEXdb. The expression of VvGA2oxs, VvGA3oxs, and VvGA20oxs gene families in stress was examined by qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time-PCR). There are 24 GAoxs genes identified with the grape genome that can be classified into seven subgroups based on a phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved Motifs in our research. The gene family has higher codon preference, while selectivity is negative selection of codon bias and selective stress was analyzed. The expression profiles indicated that the most of VvGAox genes were highly expressed under different time lengths of ABA (Abscisic Acid) treatment, NaCl, PEG and 5 °C. Tissue expression analysis showed that the expression levels of VvGA2oxs and VvGA20oxs in different tissues at different developmental stages of grapes were relatively higher than that of VvGA3oxs. Last but not least, qRT-PCR (Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR) was used to determine the relative expression of the GAoxs gene family under the treatment of GA3 (gibberellin 3) and uniconazole, which can find that some VvGA2oxs was upregulated under GA3 treatment. Simultaneously, some VvGA3oxs and VvGA20oxs were upregulated under uniconazole treatment. In a nutshell, the GA2ox gene mainly functions to inactivate biologically active GAs, while GA20ox mainly degrades C20 gibberellins, and GA3ox is mainly composed of biologically active GAs. The comprehensive analysis of the three classes of VvGAoxs would provide a basis for understanding the evolution and function of the VvGAox gene family in a grape plant.

Dysregulation of tRNA-derived small RNAs and their potential roles in lupus nephritis

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110614
Author(s):  
Yan Liang ◽  
Ji Zhang ◽  
Wenxian Qiu ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Qrt Pcr

Objective Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major end-organ complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the molecular mechanism of LN is not completely clear. Accumulating pieces of evidence indicate the potential vital role of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in human diseases. Current study aimed to investigate the potential roles of tsRNAs in LN. Methods We herein employed high‐throughput sequencing to screen the expression profiles of tsRNAs in renal tissues of the LN and control groups. To validate the sequencing data, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Correlational analysis of verified tsRNAs expression and clinical indicators was conducted using linear regression. The potential target genes were also predicted. The biological functions of tsRNAs were annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Results Our findings revealed that the expression profiles of tsRNAs were significantly altered in the kidney tissues from LN patients compared with control. Overall, 160 tsRNAs were significantly dysregulated in the LN group, of which 79 were upregulated, whereas 81 were downregulated. Subsequent qRT-PCR results confirmed the different expression of candidate tsRNAs. Correlation analysis results found that expression of verified tsRNAs were correlated to clinical indicators. The target prediction results revealed that verified tsRNAs might act on 712 target genes. Further bioinformatics analysis uncovered tsRNAs might participate in the pathogenesis of LN through several associated pathways, including cell adhesion molecules, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and B cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides a novel insight for studying the mechanism of LN.

Identification of circular RNA expression profiles and potential biomarkers for intracerebral hemorrhage

Epigenomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congxia Bai ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Yingying Sun ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Ning Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Lysine Degradation ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Aim: To investigate the expression profiles of circRNAs after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Materials & methods: RNA sequencing and qRT-PCR were used to investigate and validate circRNA expression levels. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to explore potential functions of the circRNAs. Results: Expression levels of 15 circRNAs were consistently altered in patients with ICH compared with their expression levels in hypertension. Three circRNAs, hsa_circ_0001240, hsa_circ_0001947 and hsa_circ_0001386, individually or combined, were confirmed as promising biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing ICH. The circRNAs were involved mainly in lysine degradation and the immune system. Conclusion: This is the first study to report expression profiles of circRNAs after ICH and to propose that three circRNAs are potential biomarkers for ICH.

scholarly journals Differentially Expressed miRNAs in Tumor, Adjacent, and Normal Tissues of Lung Adenocarcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Tian ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zhenzhu Chen ◽  
Yanting Shen ◽  
Jiafeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression profiles of miRNAs in adenocarcinoma (AC), one major subtype of NSCLC. In this study, the miRNAs were detected in normal, adjacent, and tumor tissues by next-generation sequencing. Then the expression levels of differential miRNAs were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In the results, 259, 401, and 389 miRNAs were detected in tumor, adjacent, and normal tissues of pooled AC samples, respectively. In addition, for the first time we have found that miR-21-5p and miR-196a-5p were gradually upregulated from normal to adjacent to tumor tissues; miR-218-5p was gradually downregulated with 2-fold or greater change in AC tissues. These 3 miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. Lastly, we predicted target genes of these 3 miRNAs and enriched the potential functions and regulatory pathways. The aberrant miR-21-5p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-218-5p may become biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. This research may be useful for lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis and the study of pathology in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Differences in metabolic biomarkers in the blood and gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells among normal weight, mildly obese and moderately obese subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Un Ju Jung ◽  
Yu Ri Seo ◽  
Ri Ryu ◽  
Myung-Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Biomarkers

AbstractWe compared metabolic biomarkers in the blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression profiles among normal weight (BMI, 18·5–23 kg/m2), mildly obese (BMI, 25–27·5 kg/m2) and moderately obese Korean adult men (BMI, 27·5–30 kg/m2). High leptin, lipids (except LDL- and HDL-cholesterol) and apoB levels and low adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol levels were present in the plasma of both mildly and moderately obese subjects. Circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and markers of insulin resistance, oxidative stress and liver damage were altered in moderately obese subjects but not in mildly obese subjects. PBMC transcriptome data showed enrichment of pathways involved in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, bone metabolism, cancer, inflammation and fibrosis in both mildly and moderately obese subjects. Signalling pathways involved in oxidative phosphorylation, TAG synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and insulin production; mammalian target of rapamycin, forkhead box O, ras-proximate-1, RAS and transforming growth factor-β signalling; as well as extracellular matrix–receptor interaction were enriched only in moderately obese subjects, indicating that changes in PBMC gene expression profiles, according to metabolic disturbances, were associated with the development and/or aggravation of obesity. In particular, fourteen and fifteen genes differentially expressed only in mildly obese subjects and in both mildly and moderately obese subjects, respectively, could be used as early or stable biomarkers for diagnosing and treating obesity-associated metabolic disturbance. We characterised BMI-associated metabolic and molecular biomarkers in the blood and provided clues about potential blood-based targets for preventing or treating obesity-related complications.

scholarly journals Erosive Esophagitis in the Obese: The Effect of Ethnicity and Gender on Its Association

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin Abraham ◽  
Seth Lipka ◽  
Rabab Hajar ◽  
Bhuma Krishnamachari ◽  
Ravi Virdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Background.Data examining the association between obesity and erosive esophagitis (ErE) have been inconsistent, with very little known about interracial variation.Goals.To examine the association between obesity and ErE among patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds.Methods.The study sample included 2251 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The effects of body mass index (BMI) on ErE were assessed by gender and in different ethnic groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results.The prevalence of ErE was 29.4% (661/2251). Overweight and obese subjects were significantly more likely to have ErE than individuals with a normal BMI, with the highest risk seen in the morbidly obese (OR 6.26; 95% CI 3.82–10.28;p<0.0001). Normal weight Black patients were less likely to have ErE as compared to Caucasians (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.79;p=0.005), while the odds ratio comparing normal weight Hispanics to normal weight Whites was not statistically significant. No effect modification was seen between BMI and race/ethnicity or BMI and gender. Significant trends were seen in each gender and ethnicity.Conclusions.The effect of BMI on ErE does not appear to vary by race/ethnicity or gender.

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