scholarly journals The Experience of Lived Time in People with Dementia: A Systematic Meta-Synthesis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Siren Eriksen ◽  
Ruth Louise Bartlett ◽  
Ellen Karine Grov ◽  
Tanja Louise Ibsen ◽  
Elisabeth Wiken Telenius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
The Past ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Van Manen ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Lived Time

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> For people with dementia, lived time is important to understand, as the condition affects memory, perceptions of time, and life expectancy. The aim of this study was to locate, interpret, and synthesize the experience of lived time for people with dementia. <b><i>Method:</i></b> This article presents a qualitative systematic meta-synthesis. The theoretical framework of lifeworlds by van Manen provided the context for the study. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria for qualitative studies were used to appraise the studies. Sixty-one qualitative research studies based on interviews with people with dementia were included in the review. The analysis followed the principles of interpretive synthesis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Four categories were revealed: (1) rooted in the past – “I am the same as before”; (2) focussing on the present – “Nobody has tomorrow”; (3) thinking about the future – “What is going to happen to me?”; and (4) changes in the experience of self over time – “I used to….” The latent overall meaning was expressed as “being engaged with the dimensions of time.” <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The experience of lived time is an active and important one, enabling people to manage the dementia journey. Future work involving people with dementia should foreground the experience of lived time.

scholarly journals Nurturing talents and creativity in youth: Challenge to contemporary world

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Bosiljka Djordjevic ◽  
Slavica Maksic
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adequate Education ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Over Time

The paper reviews approaches to the development of talents and creativity using surveys communicated in the 1975-2005 period at world, European and regional scientific conferences on gifted children and youth. Methods of studying and treating the gifted over the past three decades were analyzed on the basis of data available in records, proceedings of papers and other publications of the mentioned conferences as well as of personal findings of the present paper?s authors who participated in some of those conferences. In addition to identifying the subjects that captured attention of researchers and practitioners in a certain period of time, an attempt was made to describe trends in studying them and those likely ones for future work. The results indicate that the most frequent subjects under study were problems facing conception and definition of giftedness, talents and creativity, instruments for identifying gifted individuals, and manners of providing adequate education for them. Over time there was an increase in the number of studies related to identifying specific personality traits of a gifted individual and his environment, critical for his development and achievement. It is noticeable that interest in gifted children and youth is growing all the time, involving not only researchers and teachers but parents, the gifted themselves and other important social groups and institutions. It is concluded that encouraging talents and creativity in youth is a challenge to contemporary world, which will determine its future.

scholarly journals Equity and length of lifespan are not the same

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (30) ◽  
pp. 8420-8423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Seligman ◽  
Gabi Greenberg ◽  
Shripad Tuljapurkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mortality Improvement ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Of Death

Efforts to understand the dramatic declines in mortality over the past century have focused on life expectancy. However, understanding changes in disparity in age of death is important to understanding mechanisms of mortality improvement and devising policy to promote health equity. We derive a novel decomposition of variance in age of death, a measure of inequality, and apply it to cause-specific contributions to the change in variance among the G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) from 1950 to 2010. We find that the causes of death that contributed most to declines in the variance are different from those that contributed most to increase in life expectancy; in particular, they affect mortality at younger ages. We also find that, for two leading causes of death [cancers and cardiovascular disease (CVD)], there are no consistent relationships between changes in life expectancy and variance either within countries over time or between countries. These results show that promoting health at younger ages is critical for health equity and that policies to control cancer and CVD may have differing implications for equity.

scholarly journals A Cross-Country Comparison of Dynamics in the Large Firm Wage Premium

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Colonnelli ◽  
Joacim Tåg ◽  
Michael Webb ◽  
Stefanie Wolter
Keyword(s):  
Large Firm ◽  
Wage Premium ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Industry Trends ◽  
Over Time

We provide stylized facts on the existence and dynamics over time of the large firm wage premium for four countries. We examine matched employer-employee micro-data from Brazil, Germany, Sweden, and the UK, and find that the large firm premium exists in all these countries. However, we uncover substantial differences among them in the evolution of the wage premium over the past several decades. Moreover, we find no clear evidence of common cross-country industry trends. We conclude by discussing potential explanations for this heterogeneity, and proposing some questions for future work in the area.

scholarly journals An exploration of addiction in adults experiencing early-life stress: a metasynthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Araujo Bastos Teixeira ◽  
Gerri Lasiuk ◽  
Sylvia Barton ◽  
Maria Neyrian de Fatima Fernandes ◽  
Edilaine Cristina da Silva Gherardi-Donato
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

ABSTRACT Objective: to review and synthesize qualitative research on the links between early-life stress and addiction behaviours in adulthood. Method: metasynthesis to review qualitative research findings based on procedures that outline how to identify themes or constructs across studies in a specific area. Comprehensive searches of multiple electronic databases were performed. The initial search yielded 1050 articles and the titles and abstracts were screened for inclusion based on predetermined criteria. Thirty-eight full text, peer-reviewed articles were retrieved and assessed by three independent reviewers. Twelve articles were eligible for full review and appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools. Results: the findings revealed that clear associations exist between early-life stress and addictive behaviours in adulthood, such as between trauma in childhood, violence, and addictive behaviours. A common theme in the findings indicates that participants turn to addictive substances as a way of strategically coping with stressful childhood experiences, regardless of the harmful side effects or detrimental social outcomes. Conclusion: it can be inferred that addiction may be viewed as a way to deal with adversity in childhood and that there is an interrelationship between addiction, domestic violence and crime.

(Re)Establishment of fatherhood among fathers of children with mental disorders: A qualitative metasynthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 136749352110012
Author(s):  
Marcos V Esper ◽  
Francine de Montigny ◽  
Naiara B Polita ◽  
Willyane de A Alvarenga ◽  
Ana Carolina A B Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Integration Of Care ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

This metasynthesis synthesized and interpreted qualitative research results on the experience of fathers who care for children with mental disorders. It followed the guidelines from the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research statement. A search was conducted in five databases. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the studies, and the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (Grade-CERQual) approach was used to assess review findings. Thematic analysis of 12 articles included yielded the theme (re)establishment of fatherhood and four subthemes: redefinition of expectations, redefinition of the fatherhood role, benefits achieved with increased father involvement, and strengths and challenges in fatherhood, all of which demonstrated how repercussions from diagnosis and redefinition of expectations of masculinity and fatherhood affected the way fathers exercise fatherhood. Fathers were participative and attentive to their child’s needs, even in a challenging context demanding integration of care with work obligations. This metasynthesis highlights challenges faced by fathers in acquiring new skills and competencies while caring for their children. The findings identify a need for interventions to facilitate fathers’ involvement in caring for their children.

From the Demise of Social Democracy to the ‘End of Capitalism’

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Roos
Keyword(s):  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Capitalism ◽  
Radical Critique ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Over the past decade, Wolfgang Streeck has emerged as one of the most prominent voices in the debate on the crisis of democratic capitalism. This article provides a critical appraisal of Streeck’s recent writings in light of his wider intellectual trajectory, tracing the evolutions and continuities in his work over time; highlighting its important contributions to our understanding of the present crisis; and presenting a fourfold critique of his latest book on the end of capitalism. The main argument is that Streeck’s work, while very valuable for its elucidation of the dynamics behind the demise of social democracy, ultimately remains plagued by a corporatist residue that keeps him from drawing his increasingly radical critique of capitalism to its logical conclusions. As a result, Streeck’s embrace of an exceedingly catastrophist worldview, devoid of any emancipatory potential, has tempted him to veer dangerously close to the welfare chauvinism of the nationalist right.

scholarly journals Meanings of living with a chronic wound: a meta-synthesis study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilkslam Alves de Araújo ◽  
Wagner Couto Assis ◽  
Alba Benemérita Alves Vilela ◽  
Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira Boery ◽  
Vanda Palmarella Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Religiosity And Spirituality ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Negative Feelings

Objective: explore qualitative research on the meanings of living with a chronic wound. Method: it is a qualitative meta-synthesis. 13 articles were included, totaling a sample of 248 individuals who self-reported living with a chronic wound. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program instrument was used to evaluate the eligible articles, and to report the qualitative synthesis, the recommendations of Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research were followed. The analysis and extraction of information and construction of the synthesis were carried out by two independent reviewers, with the assistance of a third expert reviewer. Results: living with a chronic wound involves initial concerns and the appearance of symptoms, especially marked pain. They report that the increase in pain led to low functional capacity, as well as weakened social relationships and financial conditions. The experiences illustrate the challenges of emotional burden and the implications of illness, which contributed to social isolation. Religiosity and spirituality were the main coping strategies. Conclusion: living with a chronic wound means a condition of pain, limits physical and functional capacity, causes negative feelings and emotions that result in people’s isolation.

scholarly journals The Touch and Feel of the Past—Using Haptic and VR Artefacts to Enrich Reminiscence Therapy for People with Dementia

Technologies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Klein ◽  
Martina Uhlig ◽  
Hannes Will
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Special Consideration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
User Research ◽  
Reminiscence Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Stakeholder Acceptance

New technology always needs validation in terms of stakeholder acceptance and usability. This challenge also applies in the case of technology for reminiscence therapy for people with dementia. We are looking at how to overcome this situation and identifying how technology can support reminiscence therapy. Therefore, we are conducting user research with people with dementia and their caregivers, prototyping multimedia approaches and testing for efficacy and acceptance of these approaches. Reminiscence therapy is an important aspect in the care for people with dementia as it improves their wellbeing. So far, mostly conventional, analog media is used for this purpose. Our qualitative research suggests that technology can enrich traditional reminiscence therapy, foster conversations, and support positive interactions between caregivers and people with dementia. As outcomes, we identify that special consideration should be directed toward the choice of personally relevant and engaging content, contextual factors of the therapy situations, and high usability of potential therapy artefacts. Suggestions for future research and further prototype iterations are provided.

scholarly journals Practical issues in creating an evidence base for Library and Information Practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (94) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Brice ◽  
Andrew Booth
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Information Professionals ◽  
Information Practice ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

What are the practical issues in creating a knowledge base for the library and information profession? ln this article the authors explore this topic from a practitioner-researcher perspective in order to identify the issues which arise from undertaking research, informed by experiences when conducting a qualitative systematic review. The paper identifies barriers to using research, as perceived by library and information professionals, and discusses general issues encountered when undertaking research as a practitioner. It reports the experiences of conducting a systematic review of qualitative research in the area of critical appraisal skills, a review spanning several disciplines. The authors select several factors of particular importance to illustrate the specific challenges of creating an evidence base in library and information practice. They highlight many examples of pitfalls and difficulties, but also the payback and rewards, of doing research.

scholarly journals Significados de viver com ferida crônica: estudo de metassíntese

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilkslam Alves de Araújo ◽  
Wagner Couto Assis ◽  
Alba Benemérita Alves Vilela ◽  
Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira Boery ◽  
Vanda Palmarella Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

Objetivo: explorar pesquisas qualitativas sobre os significados de viver com ferida crônica. Método: trata-se de uma metassíntese qualitativa. Foram incluídos 13 artigos, totalizando uma amostra de 248 indivíduos que autorreportaram viver com ferida crônica. Utilizou-se o instrumento do Critical Appraisal Skills Programme para avaliação dos artigos elegíveis, e para relatar a síntese qualitativa, seguiram-se as recomendações do Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research. A análise e extração das informações e construção da síntese foram feitas por dois revisores independentes, sob o auxílio de um terceiro revisor especialista. Resultados: viver com ferida crônica envolve preocupações iniciais e aparecimento dos sintomas, especialmente dor marcante. Relatam que o aumento da dor levou à baixa capacidade funcional, bem como relações sociais e condição financeira fragilizadas. As experiências ilustram os desafios da carga emocional e das implicações do adoecimento, que contribuíram para o isolamento social. A religiosidade e espiritualidade foram as principais estratégias de enfrentamento. Conclusão: viver com ferida crônica significa uma condição de dor, limita a capacidade física e funcional, provoca sentimentos e emoções negativas que resultam no isolamento das pessoas.

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