Long-Term Outcomes of Bronchial Artery Embolization for Patients with Non-Mycobacterial Non-Fungal Infection Bronchiectasis

<b><i>Background:</i></b> There is no study on the predictive factors of recurrent haemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization (BAE) with the long-term outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis (BE). <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate the long-term outcomes of BAE in BE patients without accompanying refractory active infection of mycobacteriosis and aspergillosis with analysis for the predictive factors of recurrent haemoptysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data of 106 patients with BE who underwent BAE using coils between January 2011 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The cumulative haemoptysis control rate was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank tests to analyze differences in recurrence-free rate between groups based on technical success and failure, bacterial colonization status, number of BE lesions, and vessels embolized to bronchial arteries (BAs) or BAs + non-bronchial systemic arteries (NBSAs). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Bacterial colonization was detected in approximately 60% of patients. Computed tomography showed bronchiectatic lesions with 2.9 ± 1.4 lobes. In the first series of BAE, embolization was performed in the BAs alone and BAs + NBSAs in 65.1 and 34.9% of patients, respectively, with 2.4 ± 1.4 embolized vessels in total. The median follow-up period was 1,000 (7–2,790) days. The cumulative haemoptysis control rates were 91.3, 84.2, 81.5, and 78.9% at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The haemoptysis control rates were higher in the technical success group than in the technical failure group (<i>p</i> = 0.029). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> High haemoptysis control rates for long-term periods were obtained by embolization for all visualized abnormal arteries, regardless of the colonization status, number of bronchiectatic lobes, and target vessels, irrespective of NBSAs.