Sustained Relief after Pallidal Stimulation Interruption in Tourette’s Syndrome Treated with Simultaneous Capsulotomy

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) combined with anterior capsulotomy offers a promising treatment option for severe medication-refractory cases of Tourette’s syndrome (TS) with psychiatric comorbidities. Several patients treated with this combined surgery experienced sustained relief after discontinuation of stimulation over the course of treatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospectively, the medical records and clinical outcomes were reviewed of 8 patients (6 men; 2 women with mean age of 20.3 years) who had undergone bilateral GPi-DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy for medically intractable TS and psychiatric comorbidities. All patients had experienced an accidental interruption or intentional withdrawal of pallidal stimulation during treatment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The widespread clinical benefits achieved during the combined treatment were fully maintained after intentional or accidental DBS discontinuation. The improvement in overall tic symptoms achieved was on average 78% at the follow-up or close to the DBS discontinuation, while it was 83% at last follow-up (LFU). At LFU, most patients had functionally recovered; exhibited only mild tics; displayed minor or no obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms, anxiety, or depression; and experienced a much better quality of life. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Bilateral GPi-DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy appears to result in marked and sustained improvements in TS symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities, which are fully maintained over time, even without pallidal stimulation.