scholarly journals Musical Intervals in Infants’ Spontaneous Crying over the First 4 Months of Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lotte Armbrüster ◽  
Werner Mende ◽  
Götz Gelbrich ◽  
Peter Wermke ◽  
Regina Götz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Interval Size ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Complex Events ◽  
Melody Contour ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Observation Period

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Perception and memorizing of melody and rhythm start about the third trimester of gestation. Infants have astonishing musical predispositions, and melody contour is most salient for them. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To longitudinally analyse melody contour of spontaneous crying of healthy infants and to identify melodic intervals. The aim was 3-fold: (1) to answer the question whether spontaneous crying of healthy infants regularly exhibits melodic intervals across the observation period, (2) to investigate whether interval events become more complex with age and (3) to analyse interval size distribution. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Weekly cry recordings of 12 healthy infants (6 females) over the first 4 months of life were analysed (6,130 cry utterances) using frequency spectrograms and pitch analyses (PRAAT). A preselection of utterances containing a well-identifiable, noise-free and undisturbed melodic contour was applied to identify and measure melodic intervals in the final subset of 3,114 utterances. Age-dependent frequency of occurrence of melodic intervals was statistically analysed using generalized estimating equations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 85.3% of all preselected melody contours (<i>n</i> = 3,114) either contained single rising or falling melodic intervals or complex events as combinations of both. In total 6,814 melodic intervals were measured. A significant increase in interval occurrence was found characterized by a non-linear age effect (3 developmental phases). Complex events were found to significantly increase linearly with age. In both calculations, no sex effect was found. Interval size distribution showed a maximum of the minor second as the prevailing musical interval in infants’ crying over the first 4 months of life. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Melodic intervals seem to be a regular phenomenon of spontaneous crying of healthy infants. They are suggested to be a further candidate for developing an early risk marker of vocal control in infants. Subsequent studies are needed to compare healthy infants and infants at risk for respiratory-laryngeal dysfunction to investigate the diagnostic value of the occurrence of melodic intervals and their age-depending complexification.

scholarly journals Adnexal torsion in the third trimester of pregnancy: a case report and diagnostic value of MR imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bai ◽  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Haizhu Xie ◽  
Chunjuan Sun ◽  
Kaili Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Adnexal Torsion ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Clinical Study of Escherichia coli-Lyophilized Lysate for the Prophylaxis of Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian M.E. Wagenlehner ◽  
Stefania Ballarini ◽  
Adrian Pilatz ◽  
Wolfgang Weidner ◽  
Lorenz Lehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Observation Results

Background: One strategy for managing recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) is prevention. This study tested OM-89S, a lyophilized lysate of 18 Escherichia coli strains manufactured using a modified lytic process. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind trial in 451 female subjects with recurrent uncomplicated UTIs. Period 1 of the study tested 6 mg of OM-89S versus placebo (3 months), plus a 3-month observation. Period 2 of the study was a 3-month treatment period (each monthly cycle consisted of 6 mg of OM-89S daily for 10 days and placebo for 20 days, vs. 50 mg nitrofurantoin daily for 30 days), plus a 3-month observation. Results: There was no difference in the mean rate of UTI episodes between the OM-89S (0.66 ± 0.93) and placebo groups (0.63 ± 0.86; p = 0.95) in period 1. Similar findings were obtained for period 2. OM-89S was well-tolerated. Conclusions: Our results did not demonstrate a preventive effect of OM-89S compared to placebo. This may be due to the low number of UTIs that occurred during the study, the high number of protocol violations, and/or the modified manufacturing process used for OM-89S.

scholarly journals Morphometric analysis of supraoptic neurons of the rat hypothalamic nuclei under conditions of prolonged illumination

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
R. Bulyk ◽  
O. Smetaniuk ◽  
T. Bulyk ◽  
M. Kryvchanska
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Neuronal Nucleus ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Supraoptic Neurons ◽  
Nucleus Volume ◽  
Supraoptic Nuclei ◽  
Observation Period

The article reviews the results of studies of the morphofunctional state of neurons of the supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus under conditions of different duration of light regime. Under standard light regime in rats, a diurnal rhythm of morphofunctional activity of supraoptic nucleus neurons with maximum activity during daytime (before 2 p.m.) is recorded. In animals subjected to prolonged light exposure, more pronounced changes in the morphofunctional state of the supraoptic neurons of the hypothalamus at 2 a.m. than at 2 p.m. were established. Thus, the neuronal nucleus area was 94.08 ± 9.55 μm2 and was significantly greater than that in intact animals. The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio of supraoptic hypothalamic neuron at 2 a.m. was lower than that in intact animals due to a decrease in specific nucleus volume. In comparison with the day period (2 p.m.), before 2 a.m. there was revealed a decrease of the neuron body area of supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus due to possible decrease of the area of nucleus and nucleolus of cells. This was the reason for the increase in the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the neurons under observation at night, which was 2.51 ± 0.023 units. Constant light regime did not cause inversion of the rhythm of morphofunctional activity of the neurons under study, the maximum values, as in intact animals, occurred in the daytime observation period.

scholarly journals Type A aortic dissection in a young 37 weeks pregnant lady successfully treated by Bentall procedure: A case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Shahid ◽  
◽  
Adnan Izhar ◽  
Ali Husnain ◽  
Anum Sohail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Type A ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Type A Aortic Dissection ◽  
Bentall Procedure ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Aortic dissection is intimal tear in aorta and collection of blood in between the layers of aortic wall. The incidence of acute type A aortic dissection is between 2.1 and 16.3 per 100,000 persons [1]. Aortic dissection is an infrequent but potentially life threatening complication of pregnancy with most of the cases occurring in third trimester and post-partum period [2]. The most important predisposing factors to aortic dissection are Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, Turner and Loeys-Dietz syndromes [3]. However, the non sporadic cases can also occur in pregnancy [4].

Image-Based Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Screening after Hospital Discharge

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyue DONG ◽  
Xiaofan SUN ◽  
Zhangbin YU ◽  
Shuping HAN
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Screening Device ◽  
Smart Phone Application ◽  
At Home

Background: Newborn infants who are risk for severe hyperbilirubinemia and cared at home should be monitored for progression of jaundice. We aimed to verify if a smart phone application (BiliScan Inc), which uses automated imaging for bilirubin (AIB), can be used to estimate total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels at home. Methods: A convenience sample of 1038 “healthy” infants in China were prospectively enrolled to a singlecenter study in 2016. Correlations between AIB and TcB measurements were correlated to TB measurements. Bias and imprecision of AIB measurements were determined using Bland-Altman analysis. The diagnostic value of AIB was compared by the area-under-curve (AUC) values of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The best correlation and AUC for AIB were at the sternum, both with values of 0.76. We truncated performances to 369 TB values >5 and <15 mg/dL, and sternal AIB showed the best correlation to TB (r =0.5, P<0.0001). The AUC for this range was 0.54. However, from a subset of 200 AIB values >13.5 mg/dL (n=369 babies), the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were 100% with a specificity of 50%. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analyses showed a bias and imprecision of AIB and TcB when TB was >13.5 and <15 mg/dL. Conclusion: The use of AIB may be a potentially useful screening device for neonatal jaundice. Its performance requires additional improvements for accurate measurements across wider ranges of TB levels.

scholarly journals Organic carbon at a remote site of the western Mediterranean Basin: composition, sources and chemistry during the ChArMEx SOP2 field experiment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Michoud ◽  
Jean Sciare ◽  
Stéphane Sauvage ◽  
Sébastien Dusanter ◽  
Thierry Léonardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Remote Site ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Back Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract. The ChArMEx (Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) SOP2 (Special Observation Period 2) field campaign took place from 15 July to 05 August 2013 in the western Mediterranean basin, at Ersa a remote site in Cape Corsica. During the campaign more than 80 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), including oxygenated species were measured by different online and offline techniques. At the same time an exhaustive description of the chemical composition of fine aerosols was performed. First we combined a back-trajectory analysis and an estimation of photochemical age to characterize air mass origins and chemical processing times, which confirmed the remote nature of the site. Therefore, low levels of anthropogenic VOCs (typically tens to hundreds of ppt for individual species) and black carbon (0.1–0.9 μg m

scholarly journals Zoo-housed female chimpanzee adopts local female-specific tradition upon immigrating into a new group

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Zoë Goldsborough ◽  
Christine E. Webb ◽  
Frans B.M. de Waal ◽  
Edwin J.C. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Female ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Local Tradition ◽  
Resident Female ◽  
New Community ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Observation Period ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Abstract Wild female chimpanzees typically migrate to a neighbouring community at the onset of sexual maturity, a process that can be dangerous and unpredictable. To mitigate the risk of rejection in the new community, immigrants may employ several behavioural strategies. During the integration of two chimpanzee females at Royal Burgers’ Zoo (Arnhem, The Netherlands) one of the immigrant females rapidly copied a local tradition — the crossed-arm walk — which has been present in the group for over 20 years. She copied the behaviour after meeting only one resident female, and showed the behaviour frequently throughout a 6-month observation period following the introduction. The other immigrant female never adopted the crossed-arm walk, highlighting the variation in behaviour by immigrants upon integration, as well as the potential associated consequences: in a separate observation period 2 years later, the female who copied the local tradition appeared more socially integrated than the other immigrant female.

scholarly journals Occurrence rate of dipolarization fronts in the plasma sheet: Cluster observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudong Xiao ◽  
Tielong Zhang ◽  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Martin Volwerk ◽  
Yasong Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Advantage ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Plasma Sheet ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Maximum Occurrence ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract. We investigate the occurrence rate of dipolarization fronts (DFs) in the plasma sheet by taking full advantage of all four Cluster satellites (C1–4) from years 2001 to 2009. In total, we select 466 joint-observation DF events, in which 318, 282, 254, and 236 DFs are observed by C1, C2, C3, and C4, respectively. Our findings are as follows: (1) the maximum occurrence rate is ∼ 15.3 events per day at X ∼ 15 RE in the XY plane, and the average occurrence rate is ∼ 5.4 events per day over the whole observation period; (2) the occurrence rate on the dusk side of the plasma sheet is larger and decreases with increasing BXY∕BLobe; (3) the occurrence rate within |Y|  <  6 RE increases gradually from X ≈ −19 to −15 RE and then decreases from X ≈ −15 to −10 RE; (4) the occurrence rate when AE > 200 nT is much larger than that when AE < 200 nT, indicating that DFs preferentially occur during high geomagnetic activity. The magnetic pileup and earthward and duskward ion flows could contribute to the increases in the occurrence rate from X ≈ −19 to −15 RE. We suggest that both geomagnetic activity and multiple DFs contribute to the high occurrence rate of the DFs. In addition, the finite length of the DF in the dawn–dusk direction can affect the chance that a satellite observes the DF.

scholarly journals A study to evaluate the diagnostic value investigations in early diagnosis of septicemia in newborn

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
S. V. S. Sreedhar ◽  
Mohammed Mujtaba Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Band Form ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Mature Neutrophil ◽  
Lab Test

Background: The early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia still poses great difficulties. Early clinical symptomatology of neonatal septicemia is mimicked by a lot of other disorders affecting the newborn. To study the diagnostic value of the combination of CRP, absolute neutrophil count, band form count to the total neutrophil ratio in early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia.Methods: A total 75 babies who got admitted to Mahavir institute of medical sciences between October 2018 to September 2019 (12) months were included in the study medical college hospital in a newborn with age less than 3 days and with well-defined maternal risk factors or clinical evidence of sepsis are included in the study. In all neonates, the blood sample was collected from a peripheral vein with all aseptic precautions, before administration of any antibiotic therapy.Results: A total 20 preterm babies (62.5%) were affected by septicemia.12 full-term babies (37.5%) were affected by septicemia. The sensitivity of a lab test is defined as the proportion of infants with proven sepsis in whom the result is abnormal. Specificity is the proportion of healthy infants in whom the result is normal.Conclusions. When both CRP and band form to mature neutrophil counts were positive the sensitivity and the negative predictive value were high compared to other combinations of two.

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