Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease in a Population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tufail
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Control Study

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological disorders that mostly affect aged individuals. The common symptoms of PD are rest tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity. Objectives: The present study was devised to find out the clinical features and risk factors associated with PD in a population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods:A total of 600 PD patients and 1,200 control individuals took part in this study. The participants filled out a standard questionnaire. Results: This study found a significant association between PD and exposure to pesticides (p < 0.0001) and doing work on farms (p < 0.0001). The use of aldrin was significantly associated with PD (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we also found that PD status was associated with individuals who have a history of depression, hypertension, head injury, and Alzheimer’s disease. This study also showed that the PD rate was lower in those who were using tobacco products. Conclusion: In this case-control study, we revealed some environmental and medical conditions that are linked with PD. To control the disease, we must minimize exposure to pesticides, and the government and scientific community should play their role.

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Haider ◽  
Ghosia Lutfullah ◽  
Irshad Ur Rehman ◽  
Irfan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID ‐19 on Parkinson's Disease Clinical Features: A Community‐Based Case‐Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cilia ◽  
Salvatore Bonvegna ◽  
Giulia Straccia ◽  
Nico Golfrè Andreasi ◽  
Antonio E. Elia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Control Study

A Case-Control Study on the Environmental Risk Factors of Parkinson's Disease in Tianjin, China

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-zhi Wang ◽  
Xiang-hua Fang ◽  
Xue-ming Cheng ◽  
De-hua Jiang ◽  
Zhen-jian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

Environmental risk factors and Parkinson's disease: A case-control study in Taiwan

Neurology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1583-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Liou ◽  
M. C. Tsai ◽  
C. J. Chen ◽  
J. S. Jeng ◽  
Y. C. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Parkinson's Disease and Exposure to Rural Environmental Factors: A Population Based Case-Control Study

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Semchuk ◽  
Edgar J. Love ◽  
Robert G. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACT:To determine whether a history of exposure to rural environmental factors leads to an increased likelihood of developing idiopathic Parkinson's disease, we conducted a case-control study of 130 cases and 260 randomly selected community controls (matched with the cases by sex and age ± 2.5 years at a ratio of 2 controls: 1 case) in the city of Calgary. The data were collected by personal interviews and were analyzed using conditional logistic regression for matched sets. The ages of the cases ranged from 36.5 to 90.7 years (mean = 68.5 ± 11.3 years). The mean age at diagnosis was 61.1 ± 12.4 years. The mean duration of disease was 7.8 ± 0.6 years. Eleven (9.1%) cases were diagnosed before age 40. In this sample from the Province of Alberta, Canada, no significant increase in risk for Parkinson's disease was associated with a history of rural living, farm living, or well water drinking in early childhood or at any time during the first 45 years of life.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson’s Disease Risk in a Rural New England Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Angeline S. Andrew ◽  
Faith L. Anderson ◽  
Stephen L. Lee ◽  
Katharine M. Von Herrmann ◽  
Matthew C. Havrda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease likely caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Exposure to pesticides, toxic metals, solvents, and history of traumatic brain injury have been implicated as environmental risk factors for PD, underscoring the importance of identifying risk factors associated with PD across different communities. Methods. We conducted a questionnaire-based case-control study in a rural area on the New Hampshire/Vermont border, enrolling PD patients and age- and sex-matched controls from the general population between 2017 and 2020. We assessed frequent participation in a variety of recreational and occupational activities and surveyed potential chemical exposures. Results. Suffering from “head trauma or a concussion” prior to diagnosis was associated with a fourfold increased risk of PD. Adjustment for head trauma negated any risk of participation in “strenuous athletic activities.” We observed a 2.7-fold increased risk of PD associated with activities involving lead (adjusted p = 0.038 ). Conclusion. Implicating these factors in PD risk favors public health efforts in exposure mitigation while also motivating future work mechanisms and intervention opportunities.

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