scholarly journals White Matter Brain Development after Exposure to Circulating Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Hyperoxia in a Rat Pup Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Åsa Jungner ◽  
Suvi Vallius Kvist ◽  
Olga Romantsik ◽  
Matteo Bruschettini ◽  
Claes Ekström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Free Hemoglobin ◽  
Rat Pup

scholarly journals In utero MRI identifies consequences of early-gestation alcohol drinking on fetal brain development in rhesus macaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (18) ◽  
pp. 10035-10044
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Wang ◽  
Verginia C. Cuzon Carlson ◽  
Colin Studholme ◽  
Natali Newman ◽  
Matthew M. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Fetal Mri ◽  
Diffusion Anisotropy ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
White Matter Tracts

One factor that contributes to the high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is binge-like consumption of alcohol before pregnancy awareness. It is known that treatments are more effective with early recognition of FASD. Recent advances in retrospective motion correction for the reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) fetal brain MRI have led to significant improvements in the quality and resolution of anatomical and diffusion MRI of the fetal brain. Here, a rhesus macaque model of FASD, involving oral self-administration of 1.5 g/kg ethanol per day beginning prior to pregnancy and extending through the first 60 d of a 168-d gestational term, was utilized to determine whether fetal MRI could detect alcohol-induced abnormalities in brain development. This approach revealed differences between ethanol-exposed and control fetuses at gestation day 135 (G135), but not G110 or G85. At G135, ethanol-exposed fetuses had reduced brainstem and cerebellum volume and water diffusion anisotropy in several white matter tracts, compared to controls. Ex vivo electrophysiological recordings performed on fetal brain tissue obtained immediately following MRI demonstrated that the structural abnormalities observed at G135 are of functional significance. Specifically, spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes measured from individual neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex and putamen strongly correlated with diffusion anisotropy in the white matter tracts that connect these structures. These findings demonstrate that exposure to ethanol early in gestation perturbs development of brain regions associated with motor control in a manner that is detectable with fetal MRI.

Diffusion imaging perspectives on brain development in childhood and adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce L. Geeraert ◽  
Jess E. Reynolds ◽  
Catherine Lebel
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Tissue Properties ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
P Diffusion ◽  
White Matter Development ◽  
Brain Microstructure ◽  
Development Trajectories

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a versatile tool which can be applied to investigate brain microstructure. This chapter outlines brain development trajectories from infancy to adulthood as described by dMRI. The chapter focuses on white matter development, as dMRI is particularly well suited to describing white matter tissue properties. The chapter also discusses sources of individual variation which are simultaneously fascinating and confounding to research efforts. Next, the chapter discusses links between white matter development and cognition, with specific examples drawn from reading research. Additional techniques which may complement future diffusion-based research are introduced in the chapter’s final section.

scholarly journals The Concurrence of Cortical Surface Area Expansion and White Matter Myelination in Human Brain Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Cafiero ◽  
Jens Brauer ◽  
Alfred Anwander ◽  
Angela D Friederici
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cortical Surface ◽  
Cortical Surface Area ◽  
Human Brain Development ◽  
Area Expansion

scholarly journals Does Antenatal Betamethasone Alter White Matter Brain Development in Growth Restricted Fetal Sheep?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Sutherland ◽  
Tamara Yawno ◽  
Margie Castillo-Melendez ◽  
Beth J. Allison ◽  
Atul Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Fetal Sheep

scholarly journals Effects of a functional COMT polymorphism on brain anatomy and cognitive function in adults with velo-cardio-facial syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. van Amelsvoort ◽  
J. Zinkstok ◽  
M. Figee ◽  
E. Daly ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Comt Genotype ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Velo Cardio Facial Syndrome ◽  
And Function

BackgroundVelo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) is associated with deletions at chromosome 22q11, abnormalities in brain anatomy and function, and schizophrenia-like psychosis. Thus it is assumed that one or more genes within the deleted region are crucial to brain development. However, relatively little is known about how genetic variation at 22q11 affects brain structure and function. One gene on 22q11 is catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT): an enzyme that degrades dopamine and contains a functional polymorphism (Val158Met) affecting enzyme activity. Here, we investigated the effect of COMT Val158Met polymorphism on brain anatomy and cognition in adults with VCFS.MethodThe COMT Val158Met polymorphism was genotyped for 26 adults with VCFS on whom DNA was available. We explored its effects on regional brain volumes using hand tracing approaches; on regional grey- and white-matter density using computerized voxel-based analyses; and measures of attention, IQ, memory, executive and visuospatial function using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery.ResultsAfter corrections for multiple comparisons Val-hemizygous subjects, compared with Met-hemizygotes, had a significantly larger volume of frontal lobes. Also, Val-hemizygotes had significantly increased grey matter density in cerebellum, brainstem, and parahippocampal gyrus, and decreased white matter density in the cerebellum. No significant effects of COMT genotype on neurocognitive performance were found.ConclusionsCOMT genotype effects on brain anatomy in VCFS are not limited to frontal regions but also involve other structures previously implicated in VCFS. This suggests variation in COMT activity is implicated in brain development in VCFS.

Coordinated brain development: exploring the synchrony between changes in grey and white matter during childhood maturation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Moura ◽  
N. A. Crossley ◽  
A. Zugman ◽  
P. M. Pan ◽  
A. Gadelha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development

scholarly journals The Impact of the in utero and Early Postnatal Environments on Grey and White Matter Volume: A Study with Adolescent Monozygotic Twins

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa L. Levesque ◽  
Cherine Fahim ◽  
Elmira Ismaylova ◽  
Marie-Pier Verner ◽  
Kevin F. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Postnatal Environment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parenting Behaviours ◽  
Maternal Hostility

Prenatal and early postnatal adversities have been shown to be associated with brain development. However, we do not know how much of this association is confounded by genetics, nor whether the postnatal environment can moderate the impact of in utero adversity. This study used a monozygotic (MZ) twin design to assess (1) the association between birth weight (BW) and brain volume in adolescence, (2) the association between within-twin-pair BW discordance and brain volume discordance in adolescence, and (3) whether the association between BW and brain volume in adolescence is mediated or moderated by early negative maternal parenting behaviours. These associations were assessed in a sample of 108 MZ twins followed longitudinally since birth and scanned at age 15. The total grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes were obtained using the Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration Through Exponentiated Lie Algebra (DARTEL) toolbox in the Statistical Parametric Mapping version 8 (SPM8). We found that the BW was significantly associated with the total GM and WM volumes, particularly in the superior frontal gyrus and thalamus. Within-twin-pair discordance in BW was also significantly associated with within-pair discordance in both the GM and the WM volumes, supporting the hypothesis that the specific in utero environment is associated with brain development independently of genetics. Early maternal hostile parenting behaviours and depressive symptoms were associated with total GM volume but not WM volume. Finally, greater early maternal hostility may moderate the association between the BW and GM volume in adolescence, since the positive association between the BW and total GM volume appeared stronger at higher levels of maternal hostility (trend). Together, these findings support the importance of the in utero and early environments for brain development.

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