A controlled Valsalva Maneuver causes neither Diffusion-Positive Hippocampal Lesions nor Clinical Symptoms after Transient Global Amnesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
Manuel Gomez-Choco ◽  
Ariel Fernando Mariaca ◽  
Christian Gaebel ◽  
José Manuel Valdueza
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Valsalva Maneuver ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Global Amnesia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

Valsalva maneuver (VM) precedes frequently transient global amnesia (TGA) and up to 84% of the patients with TGA present hippocampal diffusion-weighted imaging-positive (DWI+) lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We studied 20 patients with TGA and hippocampal DWI+ lesions. Median age (range) of the patients was 67 (57–80) years and 55% were women. TGA had been preceded by a VM-associated activity in 14 patients (70%), and brain MRI had been performed at a median (range) of 47.5 (42–79) h after TGA. These patients underwent a second MRI after a controlled-induced VM at least 3 months after TGA. This MRI was performed at a median (range) of 46.8 (41–138) h after the controlled-induced VM. None of the patients who reproduced TGA symptoms presented new DWI+ lesions on the second MRI. In patients with a previous episode of TGA, VM cannot elicit TGA in isolation and the interplay of other simultaneous factors is needed.

scholarly journals Can we evaluate cranial aneurysms on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Caliskan ◽  
Yeliz Pekcevik ◽  
Adnan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the contribution of conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the determination of intracranial aneurysms. Materials and Methods: Brain MRI and computed tomography angiography (CTA) of 45 patients (29 women and 16 men; age range, 32–80 years) with aneurysm were analyzed. A comparison was made between brain MRI and CTA based on size and presence of aneurysm. The comparisons between MRI and CTA were investigated through Bland-Altman graphics, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kappa statistics. Results: Fifty-seven aneurysms were evaluated. Forty-five percent of 57 aneurysms on CTA were detected on conventional brain MRI. A significant correlation was found between CTA and brain MRI in the diagnosis of aneurysm (P < 0.05). In an analysis of the size measurement, a significant correlation was observed between CTA and brain MRI. Seventy-seven percent of aneurysms <4 mm was not detected and the efficiency of MRI in the detection of aneurysms <4 mm was found to be low. Conclusion: Aneurysms can also be appreciated on conventional brain MRI, and vascular structures should be reviewed carefully while analyzing brain MRI.

The Implications of Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1611-1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison S. Cooper ◽  
Eron Friedlaender ◽  
Susan E. Levy ◽  
Karuna V. Shekdar ◽  
Andrea Bennett Bradford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Low Prevalence

Our objective was to describe the types of providers who refer children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) for brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the referral reason, and MRI results. The most common referral reasons were autism spectrum disorder with seizures (33.7%), autism spectrum disorder alone (26.3%), and autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding (24%). Neurology (62.5%), general pediatric (22.3%), and developmental/behavioral practitioners (8.9%) referred the most patients. The prevalence of definite pathology was highest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder with abnormal neurologic examination/preexisting finding (26.2%, 95% CI: 16.8%-36%), headaches (25.7%, 95% CI: 11.2%-40.2%), or seizures (22%, 95% CI: 14.6%-29.5%), and was lowest in children referred for autism spectrum disorder alone (6.5%, 95% CI: 1.5%-11.6%). We concluded that there is a low prevalence of definite pathology in children with autism spectrum disorder undergoing brain MRI. In children with abnormal neurologic examination or preexisting finding, seizures, or headaches, one may consider performing brain MRI given the higher prevalence of pathology.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings of Neonates with Clinical Seizure Admitted to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and its Effect on Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions of Newborns from 2015-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Fallah ◽  
Mohammad Javad Asadi ◽  
Reza Nafisi Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahrar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Clinical Seizure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Abnormal Brain

Introduction: In neonatal period, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best neuroimaging to find etiology of seizure. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure and its effect on diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of newborn. Methods: In a retrospective study, medical records and brain MRI findings of neonates with clinical seizure admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit or Pediatric Ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran from September 2018 and before were evaluated. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software , the required indicators and tables were prepared and Fisher exact test and Chi-square test were used to determine the relationship between qualitative variables and independent t-test was used to compare the means in the two groups Results: Twenty-five girls and 38 boys were studied. The cause of seizures was found in 94% and the most common cause of congenital hypoxia was in 22 infants (35%). The most common type of seizure was tonic in 23 infants (36.5%) and the most common type of generalized seizure was in 47 infants (75%). Brain MRI was abnormal in 19 neonates (30%). Based on the MRI results, there was a change in therapeutic interventions (brain surgery) in four infants (6.3%) and in diagnostic interventions (metabolic tests) in 19 infants (30%). Abnormal brain MRI was more frequent in neonates by cesarean section (46%)  than  normal vaginal delivery (19%), (p= 0.01) and also neonates with partial seizure (37.5%) had an abnormal MRI than  generalized seizure (21%), (p= 0.03). Mean of hospitalization days was longer in neonates with abnormal brain MRI (12.32±2.76 days) than neonates with normal MRI (8.57±2.82 days) (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, brain MRI might be useful in finding intracranial pathology that causes seizure in neonates by cesarean section to detect birth asphyxia and in newborns with partial seizure.  

scholarly journals Ocular flutter as presenting manifestation of pediatric MOG antibody–associated demyelination: A case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Breza ◽  
Nikoletta Smyrni ◽  
Georgios Koutsis ◽  
Evangelos Anagnostou ◽  
John Tzartos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Ocular Flutter ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mog Antibodies ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Csf Oligoclonal Bands

A 13-year-old girl presented with a 5-day history of oscillopsia. On examination, ocular flutter and mild cerebellar signs were found. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed four periventricular and subcortical non-enhancing lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands were negative. Neuroblastoma or other malignancies were not found. She responded well to a corticosteroid–intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) combination and remained symptom-free for 3 years until presenting again with isolated ocular flutter. Brain MRI at this time remained atypical for classic multiple sclerosis (MS) with a predominance of juxtacortical demyelinating lesions. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. Serum myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies were present. Ocular flutter can be the presenting feature of MOG antibody–associated pediatric demyelination.

scholarly journals Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1915-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Elliott ◽  
Jerry S Wolinsky ◽  
Stephen L Hauser ◽  
Ludwig Kappos ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Jacobian Determinant ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
T2 Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Chronic lesion activity driven by smoldering inflammation is a pathological hallmark of progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To develop a method for automatic detection of slowly expanding/evolving lesions (SELs) on conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and characterize such SELs in primary progressive MS (PPMS) and relapsing MS (RMS) populations. Methods: We defined SELs as contiguous regions of existing T2 lesions showing local expansion assessed by the Jacobian determinant of the deformation between reference and follow-up scans. SEL candidates were assigned a heuristic score based on concentricity and constancy of change in T2- and T1-weighted MRIs. SELs were examined in 1334 RMS patients and 555 PPMS patients. Results: Compared with RMS patients, PPMS patients had higher numbers of SELs ( p = 0.002) and higher T2 volumes of SELs ( p < 0.001). SELs were devoid of gadolinium enhancement. Compared with areas of T2 lesions not classified as SEL, SELs had significantly lower T1 intensity at baseline and larger decrease in T1 intensity over time. Conclusion: We suggest that SELs reflect chronic tissue loss in the absence of ongoing acute inflammation. SELs may represent a conventional brain MRI correlate of chronic active MS lesions and a candidate biomarker for smoldering inflammation in MS.

scholarly journals Walker-Warburg syndrome: report of two cases

1999 ◽  
Vol 57 (3A) ◽  
pp. 672-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIO M. VASCONCELOS ◽  
CÁSSIA R. GUEDES ◽  
ROMEU C. DOMINGUES ◽  
RAUL N. G. VIANNA ◽  
MARCIO SOTERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Retrospective Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Severe Hydrocephalus ◽  
Syndrome Report

The purpose of this study is to describe two infants that were diagnosed with Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS), a rare form of congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD).They were studied in their clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiologic features. The index case had a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the second patient had a head computerized tomography (CT). In addition, a literature review was performed to describe the main forms of CMD. The index case fulfilled all criteria for WWS. A brain MRI performed at age 4 months served to corroborate the clinical diagnosis, showing severe hydrocephalus, type II lissencephaly, cerebellar vermian aplasia, and a hypoplastic brain stem. The authors were able to establish a retrospective diagnosis of WWS in the index case's older sister, based upon her clinical picture and head CT report.

scholarly journals Transient Global Amnesia as a Presentation of Frontal Lobe Meningioma – A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
Sidra Faruqi ◽  
Noor-us- Saba ◽  
Maira Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Transient Global Amnesia ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hippocampal Dysfunction ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Global Amnesia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg

Meningiomas are amongst the most common primary brain tumors, accounting for around one third of cases. They usually present with focal neurological deficits, signs of raised intracranial pressure or seizures. Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an uncommon disorder, usually linked with severe emotional or physical stress, migraine variant or vascular risk factors. It is believed to originate from hippocampal dysfunction. We present the case of a 65 year female, who visited our hospital with two episodes of transient amnesia. Both episodes lasted for 4-5 hours with no other focal neurological dysfunction noted. She fit the diagnostic criteria for TGA and seizures were ruled out by a normal sleep-deprived electroencephalogram (EEG). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Brain showed the presence of a right frontal meningioma. We conclude that she suffered from TGA secondary to right frontal meningioma, a rare association of which only a handful of cases have been reported worldwide

INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON BRAIN MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) IN PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1114
Author(s):  
Avivit Brener ◽  
Danil A. Kozyrev ◽  
Shelly I. Shiran ◽  
Erez Azoulay ◽  
Li-tal Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Growth Disturbances ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Objective: To explore incidental findings on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of pediatric patients referred due to endocrine disorders. Methods: A retrospective, observational study conducted in a tertiary referral center. The neuroimaging database of 17,445 brain MRI studies of 11,011 pediatric patients were searched for cases with endocrine referrals and without medical history of malignancy, genetic syndromes, and/or neurologic comorbidities. This database was linked to the pediatric neurosurgical database. Clinical data were retrieved from medical files. Results: In total, 524 patients (50.2% males, mean age 8.5 ± 3.5 years) were referred to brain MRI due to growth disturbances (n = 313), pubertal disorders (n = 183), prolactin hypersecretion (n = 18), central diabetes insipidus (n = 8), and obesity (n = 1). Incidental findings were found in 128 (24.4%) cases. Chiari type 1 malformation was more prevalent in patients with growth disturbances ( P<.001). Small pituitary cysts were observed in 20 (3.8%) patients, and pineal cysts in 25 (4.8%) patients, mostly girls (68%, P<.001). White matter lesions were diagnosed in 30 (5.7%) patients, none with clinical evidence of neurologic disease. Brain asymmetry without clinical significance and developmental venous anomalies were observed in 14 (2.7%) and 8 (1.5%) patients, respectively. Twelve patients were diagnosed with intracranial tumors, and 5 required surgical intervention for a histopathologic diagnosis of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 3), choroid plexus papilloma (n = 1), or inconclusive (n = 1). The rest were managed conservatively. Conclusion: Incidental findings on brain MRIs of pediatric patients referred by endocrinologists are common and raise dilemmas. The spectrum ranges from structural disruptions to tumors. Decision-making is individualized and patient-centered. Abbreviations: CPP = central precocious puberty; DI = diabetes insipidus; DVA = developmental venous anomaly; GHD = growth hormone deficiency; MPHD = multiple pituitary hormone deficiency; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; RCC = Rathke cleft cyst

scholarly journals A triad of cluster-like headaches with delayed development of a macroscopic prolactinoma: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 251581632091103
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Ihezie ◽  
Manisha Chandalia ◽  
Mark J Burish
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Headache Onset ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Pituitary Lesion

Pituitary hormone testing is recommended in refractory cluster headache (CH), but supporting evidence is limited. We present a patient with cluster-like headaches and a negative brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 year after headache onset. He failed multiple medication trials. Three years after headache onset, additional workup showed abnormal pituitary labs including hyperprolactinemia and a brain MRI with a 15 × 15 × 14 mm3 enhancing pituitary lesion. With cabergoline 0.25 mg twice weekly, the patient has been headache-free for over 2 years. This case supports the recommendations for pituitary testing in refractory CH, even if imaging is initially negative for a pituitary tumor.

scholarly journals Reversible MR Findings in Marchiafava-Bignami Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Franco Muccio ◽  
Luca De Lipsis ◽  
Rossella Belmonte ◽  
Alfonso Cerase
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Type B ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Marchiafava-Bignami Disease (MBD) is a toxic demyelinating disease often diagnosed in chronic alcoholics. The disease process typically involves the corpus callosum and clinically presents with various manifestations resulting in MBD type A and type B on the basis of clinical condition, extent of callosal involvement and extracallosal involvement at brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and prognosis. The death rate is high. We report a patient affected by MBD type B, who presented an isolated reversible splenial lesion at brain MRI and achieved a favorable recovery.

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