scholarly journals An Evaluation of Regulatory Regimes of Medical Cannabis: What Lessons Can Be Learned for the UK?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Katrin Schlag
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Patient Access ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Personal Communications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regulatory Regimes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This paper evaluates current regulatory regimes of medical cannabis using peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as personal communications. Despite the legalization of medical cannabis in the UK in November 2018, patients still lack access to the medicine, with fewer than 10 NHS prescriptions having been written to date. We look at six countries that have been at the forefront of prescribing medical cannabis, including case studies of the three largest medical cannabis markets in the EU: Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. Canada, Israel and Australia add global examples. These countries have a more successful history of prescribing medical cannabis than the UK. Their legislations are outlined and numbers of medical cannabis prescriptions are provided to give an indication of how successful their regulatory regime has been in providing patient access. Evaluating countries’ medical cannabis regulations allows us to offer implications for lessons to be learned for the development of a successful medical cannabis regime in the UK.

An Assessment of Barbados' Competitiveness within the EU Market 1992-2006

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1850194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Lorde ◽  
Antonio Alleyne ◽  
Brian Francis
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Partnership ◽  
Partnership Agreement ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

This paper assesses Barbados' competitiveness within the EU market in light of its recent signing of an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EU in 2008. Using SITC data from 1992-2006, indices of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) were calculated. We found that Barbados possesses comparative advantages in Live Animals; Raw Sugars, Beet and Cane; and Spirits. However, policies such as the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), stringent sanitary and phytosanitary requirements, onerous rules of origin and non-tariff barriers including technical barriers to trade, threaten to undermine these advantages. These developments strongly suggest that Barbados must move agriculture up the value chain and increase value-added, as well as integrate it more fully with other sectors of its economy. Greater attention must be focused on countries in the EU other than the UK, if full advantage is to be taken of the EPA, as the UK market is already mature. There is evidence that export opportunities to these countries exist in other commodity groups (Fuels, Lubricants, etc.; Animal, Vegetable Oils Fats, Wax; Chemicals, Related Products; Manufactured Goods). When these issues are placed within the context of Barbados' history of weak capacity to take advantage of the market access opportunities available from their trading arrangements, the overarching challenge for Barbados is one of effective market access. This will require, among other things, a capable export promotion agency. The export of non-traditional commodities should be promoted, and greater support, perhaps in the form of incentives, should be provided to large firms that are not yet exporters to encourage them to look beyond the domestic market.

The Netherlands and European Integration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Segers
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Constitutional Treaty ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Fortress Europe ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The Eu

Why did the Netherlands take part in the process of European integration from the beginning? How did that happen, and what consequences did it have? At present, questions like these linger immediately beneath the polished surface of the official narratives of economic rationalism and idealistic instrumentalism that dominate narratives about the Netherlands’ role as founding member of European integration. The clear no-vote in the 2005 referendum on the constitutional treaty for the EU and the outbreak of the Euro-crisis in 2010 have pulled the veil away from these underlying issues. As one of the founders of today’s European Union, the Netherlands has been a key player in the process of European integration. The Dutch like to think of themselves as shapers of European integration—matching their image in historiography—but the history of their participation in the European project often tells a very different story. Yes, as founders of the EU, the Dutch actively co-shaped European integration, but often in ways not unveiled in the official and rather consistent post facto narratives. In the past decades, governments in The Hague often steered an erratic course in European integration, trying to reconcile high hopes for instrumental free trade arrangements and transatlantic community with a deep-seated anxiety over the potential emergence of a small, continental, and politicized “fortress Europe.” This is a story that is both less known to the public and less prominent in the existing historiography.

People-Trafficking: Some Reflections on the EU Legislation, and its Implementation in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
John R Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Framework Decision ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Network ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Criminal Law ◽  
The Eu

Abstract This chapter examines the efforts in Europe and and the UK to deal with the problem of people-trafficking. As readers will see, it is in five Sections. The first sets the scene by explaining what ‘people-trafficking’ is, and outlining the history of international attempts to repress it and to relieve its human consequences. The second describes the recent legislative attempts to deal with it in Europe, and in particular, the EU Framework Decision of 2002. The third examines the UK legislation enacted with the aim—not entirely accurate, as we shall see—of implementing it. The fourth looks at the way the UK legislation is working. And the final section concludes with two general reflections. It is based on a study carried out in 2007 for ECLAN, the European Criminal Law Academic Network. Any reader who reaches the end with a thirst for further knowledge will find further refreshment in the book that resulted from the ECLAN study, which was published earlier this year.

scholarly journals Discrimination and delusional ideation

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Janssen ◽  
M. Hanssen ◽  
M. Bak ◽  
R. V. Bijl ◽  
R. De Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
General Population ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Delusional Ideation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIn the UK and The Netherlands, people with high rates of psychosis are chronically exposed to discrimination.AimsTo test whether perceived discrimination is associated longitudinally with onset of psychosis.MethodA 3-year prospective study of cohorts with no history of psychosis and differential rates of reported discrimination on the basis of age, gender, disability, appearance, skin colour or ethnicity and sexual orientation was conducted in the Dutch general population (n=4076). The main outcome was onset of psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations).ResultsThe rate of delusional ideation was 0.5% (n=19) in those who did not report discrimination, 0.9% (n=4) in those who reported discrimination in one domain, and 2.7% (n=3) in those who reported discrimination in more than one domain (exact P=0.027). This association remained after adjustment for possible confounders. No association was found between baseline discrimination and onset of hallucinatory experiences.ConclusionsPerceived discrimination may induce delusional ideation and thus contribute to the high observed rates of psychotic disorder in exposed minority populations.

scholarly journals Regulation and comparative discretion of publicly and privately owned water companies in The Netherlands, England and Wales

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Schouten ◽  
Meine Pieter van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
External Organization ◽  
Regulatory Regimes ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
External Actors ◽  
Privately Owned

Any water company is subject to regulation, either through bylaws, national or supra-national regulations. In this contribution we assess how these regulatory regimes affect the discretion of privately owned companies in England and Wales and publicly owned water companies in the Netherlands. The issue is studied by comparing the discretion of such companies to pursue strategies of their choice. We look in particular at the constraints and the opportunities posed by the regulatory regime on the provider's discretion in dealing with clients, offering products/services, setting tariffs, organizing themselves and establishing relationships with external actors. Our research shows that the regulatory context invites water providers to differ in their strategies for markets, products and tariff setting. The regulatory context seems not to be a determinant for their strategies with respect to their internal and external organization. The findings of our research are particularly relevant for future research in comparing publicly and privately owned producers. Hence, in future comparative research between companies from different regulatory regimes, it is important to acknowledge the influence regulation may have on the actions and performance of companies, next to demographical and hydrological features.

scholarly journals Comparing the Cultures of Romania and The Netherlands: When East Meets West

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Peter Van der Berg
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Communist Country ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

Romania, a former communist country and a recent member to the European Union, and TheNetherlands, one of the oldest EU members with a long history of democracy, were compared onnational and organizational culture variables. A total of 1,182 Dutch and Romanian participantscompleted questionnaires that measured (a) Hofstede’s four national culture dimensions ofpower distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity, (b) what they perceivedcurrently in their jobs (actual practices) and what they wished for in an ideal job (values) on fivedimensions of organizational culture: autonomy, interdepartmental coordination, externalorientation, human resource orientation, and improvement orientation, and (c) practices andvalues for transformational leadership. The results showed that the Netherlands scored higher onindividualism, and lower on power distance and masculinity, than did Romania. The Dutchperceived higher levels of how autonomy, interdepartmental coordination, human resourceorientation, and improvement orientation is actually practiced in organizations, and lowerpractices levels for external orientation and transformational leadership than did the Romaniansample. With respect to values, the Dutch scored higher on autonomy and lower oninterdepartmental coordination, external orientation, human resource orientation, improvementorientation, and transformational leadership than did the Romanians. The finding that Romaniansare lower on most practices and higher on most values suggests that Romanians desire changeand that East and West European countries within the EU will grow closer to one another otherover time.

People-Trafficking: Some Reflections on the EU Legislation, and its Implementation in the UK

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
John R Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Framework Decision ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Network ◽  
The Uk ◽  
European Criminal Law ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis chapter examines the efforts in Europe and and the UK to deal with the problem of people-trafficking. As readers will see, it is in five Sections. The first sets the scene by explaining what ‘people-trafficking’ is, and outlining the history of international attempts to repress it and to relieve its human consequences. The second describes the recent legislative attempts to deal with it in Europe, and in particular, the EU Framework Decision of 2002. The third examines the UK legislation enacted with the aim—not entirely accurate, as we shall see—of implementing it. The fourth looks at the way the UK legislation is working. And the final section concludes with two general reflections. It is based on a study carried out in 2007 for ECLAN, the European Criminal Law Academic Network. Any reader who reaches the end with a thirst for further knowledge will find further refreshment in the book that resulted from the ECLAN study, which was published earlier this year.

1. The establishment and development of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Foster
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
External Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines the history of the establishment and development of the European Union (EU). It discusses the underlying motives for its founding, which include the desire for peace, security against the rising threat from the Soviet Union, and economic development. It describes the changing relationship of the UK with the EU, particularly in view of the Brexit decision, and suggests that the origins of the Union can be traced from the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European Economic Community (EEC). This chapter also explains the roles and obligations of the EU in managing the external relations of its members, particularly in international trade.

The Icesave Dispute in the Aftermath of the Icelandic Financial Crisis: Revisiting the Principles of State Liability, Prohibition of State Aid and Non-discrimination in European Law

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elvira Méndez-Pinedo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
State Aid ◽  
European Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Border Dispute ◽  
State Liability ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Bank Collapse ◽  
The Eu

This study focuses on the Icesave dispute and Icesave agreements between Iceland, the UK and The Netherlands in the light of European law (EU and EEA law) and explores two main issues: 1) the State liability for breaches of EU/EEA law on the basis of Directive 94/19/EC following a systemic bank collapse in Iceland; and 2) the principle of non-discriminatory interplay between the nationalisation of Icelandic banks (State aid) and the payment of the minimum guarantee of €20.887 to depositors of Icesave accounts in the branches of Landsbanki in the UK and The Netherlands. This dispute was handled through diplomatic negotiations. The author is highly critical of the methodology followed. This cross-border dispute brought to light new complex problems in a grey area of European law which should have been brought before the highest European courts. Icesave also seems to have turned Icelanders against the process of European integration and the EU.

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