Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Abnormalities in Rats: Attenuation via Sandalwood Oil

Pharmacology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 522-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy S. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sandalwood Oil ◽  
Group 2

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is challenged by its incremental dose-related cardiotoxicity. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of the hereby study was to investigate sandalwood essential oil (SEO) against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups. Groups 1 signified the control, whereas group 2 administered 100 mg/kg/day SEO, both act as control. In group 3, DOX was given intraperitoneal in a dose of 3 mg/kg/ every other day for 2 weeks to induced cardiotoxicity. While group 4 received a combination of SEO and DOX for 2 weeks. DOX prompted variations were assessed by measuring cardiac injury biomarkers, including creatine phosphokinase, cardiac troponin T, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), electrocardiogram (ECG) fluctuations, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) indices. The effect of both DOX and SEO on various antioxidants such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and inflammatory mediators including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and NF-κB was quantified. <b><i>Results:</i></b> DOX augmented cardiac injury biomarkers, altered ECG, deceased HR and antioxidants, and finally increased BP indices. Treatment with SEO significantly (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05) decreased cardiac biomarkers and reversing ECG changes and BP. Moreover, treatment with SEO enhanced HR anomalies and antioxidant activity reduction and precluded the intensive inflammatory response induced by DOX. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SEO may have the potential of mitigating cardiac rhythm and BP indices changes induced with DOX. SEO modifications may be due to antioxidant capacity improvement and inflammatory response prohibition of the heart muscle.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nanosilver Hemocompatibility in Prehypertensive Salt-Induced Animal Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 567-573
Author(s):  
Ogechukwu K Uche ◽  
Esiri F Ohiambe ◽  
Fabian C Amechina
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Aim: There are Conflicting reports on safety profile of nanoparticles on biological cells. This study evaluated the impact of nanosilver on hemocompatibility on salt-loaded rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats [(inbred) (120-140 g)] randomly divided into of 4 groups, (n = 6) were studied. Group 1(control) received normal rat chow and tap water, Group 2 received rat chow containing 8% NaCl [(salt-loaded rats (SLRs)]. Group 3 received rat chow + Nanosilver Solution (NS) 0.18 mL 10 ppm/kg/day. Group 4 comprised SLRs + NS. After 6 weeks oral gavage treatments, measurements of Blood pressure (Bp) and Heart Rate (HR) were by pressure transducer via cannulation of left common carotid artery following anaesthesia with urethane. HR was computed by the number of arterial pulse per 60 seconds. 5 ml of blood for WBC, PLATELETS, RBC, PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC and MCV analyses using automated haematology analyser and Osmotic fragility reactivity with standard spectrophotometer at 540 nm wavelength. Results: Exposure of nanosilver to normotensive rats resulted in significantly lower RBC level compared with control, whereas RBC level in Salt-Loaded Co-Treated Nanosilver (SCNS) was comparable with the SLRs. The tenet was the same for HB, PCV, MCH and MCHC. Nanosilver induced leukopenia in normotensive compared with control and prevented WBC elevation in SCNS. Platelets significantly increased in Nanosilver-Treated Normotensive Rats (NTNRs) compared with control and decreased in SCNS. Osmotic burst resistance increased in NTNRs and decreased in cells from treated groups. Conclusion: Chronic exposure of nanosilver to salt loaded rats alters haematological parameters which may worsen circulatory function and activate risk factors of cardiovascular disorders.

scholarly journals Preventive and therapeutic effects of relaxin on bisphosphonaterelated osteonecrosis of the jaw: an experimental study in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuba Develi ◽  
Sina Uckan ◽  
Burak Bayram ◽  
Kagan Deniz ◽  
Remzi Saban Erdem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a challenging complication of chronic bisphosphonate (BP) use. The hormone relaxin is able to induce the multistep differentiation process of human osteoclastogenesis, exhibits anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory actions, and promotes vasodilatation, wound healing, and angiogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of relaxin in the prevention and management of BRONJ. Material and Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in group 1 (n = 10) received relaxin and BP simultaneously for 12 weeks. Rats in group 2 (n = 10) received injections of BP for 12 weeks, followed by relaxin for another 12 weeks. Rats in group 3 (n = 10) received only BP injections, and those in group 4 (control, n = 6) received only saline. Necrosis and inflammation in the rats’ mandibles were evaluated as indicators of BRONJ. Results: Necrosis and inflammation were not detected in group 1 (BP + relaxin). In group 3 (BP only), incidence rates of necrosis and inflammation were 90% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that relaxin may be potently effective in preventing BRONJ and have some benefit in the treatment of existing BRONJ.KEYWORDSAnimal model; BRONJ; Relaxin.

scholarly journals Resveratrol chemoprotective effect and COX 2 down regulation in tumor suppression in DMBA induced breast cancer in female Sprague Dawley rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Aneena Suresh ◽  
Rajat Rana ◽  
Keerthana C.
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Tumor Multiplicity ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Group 2

Background: Aim of the study was to assess the Chemo protective role of Resveratrol in 7,12‑Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in Female Sprague Dawley rats and its possible role in down regulation of COX 2, an enzyme known to be expressed in breast cancer tissues.Methods: A total of 40 female Sprague dawley rats (total 4 groups, n = 10 per group) 6 weeks old, group 1 on pulverized rodent diet, group 2 DMBA with diet, group 3 DMBA and diet with Resveratrol 100mcg, group 4 DMBA and diet with Resveratrol 200mcg. After 120 days experiment was terminated and tumors were analyzed for multiplicity, incidence and histology. Cox 2 expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Values were statistically tested using one way variance and Tukey’s comparison test.Results: Body weight and tumor volume was similar, there was remarkable high latency period for tumor onset and reduction in tumor multiplicity andincidence in resveratrol treated groups. Tumor incidence was 42.27±10.17 for Group 2, 21.91±5.87 for Group 3, 13.73±3.98 for group 4. Tumor multiplicity was reported as 0.8909±0.30 for group 2, 0.1036±0.04 for group 3, 0.04545±0.02 for group 4. Histopathological analysis revealed ductal carcinoma in group 2, minor tissue necrosis in group 3 and fibroadenoma in group 4.Conclusions: Resveratrol has chemoprevention action against DMBA induced breast cancer and suppresses COX 2 expression in breast carcinoma.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VITAMIN E (α TOCOPHEROL) ADMINISTRATION ON APOPTOSIS OF GERMINAL CELLS EPITHELIUM TESTIS IN SPRAGUE DAWLEY WHITE STRAIN RATS AFTER EXPOSED BY CISPLATIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Nugroho ◽  
Wahjoe Djatisoesanto ◽  
Doddy M Soebadi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2

Objective: To determine the differences of germinal epithelial testicular cell apoptosis in white Sprague Dawley strain rat that received combination of cisplatin and vitamin E compared to Sprague Dawley strain rat that received cisplatin only. Material & Methods:  Twenty four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly. Group 1 Negative Control (NC) was given an injection of 1 cc 0.9% normal saline intraperitoneally as a placebo, group 2 Positive Control (PC) was given 5 mg/kgBW cisplatin intraperitoneally, group 3 (P1) was given cisplatin injection 5 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally + vitamin E (α tocopherol) 50 mg/kgBW by gavage and group 4 (P2) was given cisplatin injection 5 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally + vitamin E (α tocopherol) 200 mg/kgBW by gavage. Vitamin E (α tocopherol) was given 3 weeks before up to 4 weeks after cisplatin injection. Observation of the germinal epithelial cells apoptosis was carried out by calculating germinal epithelial cells apoptosis in the cross-section preparations of the seminiferous tubule which gave a positive reaction to the apoptag staining, using a 400x magnification light microscope. Results: Apoptosis on positive control (PC) group was different significantly compared to the negative control (NC) group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the apoptosis of germinal epithelial testicular cells in the cisplatin + vitamin E 50 mg/kgBW compared to the PC group (p<0.05). The cisplatin + vitamin E 200 mg/kgBW group; had a lower number of apoptosis compared to the cisplatin + vitamin E 50 mg/kgBW (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin E provides a protective effect on decreasing the amount of apoptosis due to cisplatin exposure. The protective effect of vitamin E is dose-dependent.

The mechanical behavior of activated skeletal muscle during stretch: effects of muscle unloading and MyHC isoform shifts

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Caiozzo ◽  
Heather Richmond ◽  
Serge Kaska ◽  
Dahlia Valeroso
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group 2

The response of activated skeletal muscle to a ramp stretch is complex. Force rises rapidly above the isometric plateau during the initial phase of stretch. However, after a strain of ∼1–2%, force yields and continues to rise but with a slower slope. The resistance to stretch during the initial phase can be characterized by the stiffness of the muscle and/or the preyield modulus ( Epre). Similarly, a measure of modulus also can be used to characterize the postyield modulus response ( Epost). This study examined the effects of muscle atrophy and altered myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform composition on both Epre and Epost. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 1) control group, 2) a hypothyroid group, 3) a hyperthyroid group, 4) a hindlimb suspension group, and 5) a hindlimb suspension + hyperthyroid group. These interventions were used either to alter the MyHC isoform composition of the muscle or to induce atrophy. Soleus muscles were stretched at strain rates that ranged from ∼0.15 to 1.25 muscle length/s. The findings of this study demonstrate that 4 wk of hindlimb suspension can produce a large (i.e., 40–60%) reduction in Epre. Hindlimb suspension did not produce a proportional change in Epost. Analyses of the Epre-strain rate relationship demonstrated that there was little dependence on MyHC isoform composition. In summary, the disproportionate decrease in Epre of atrophied muscle has important implications with respect to issues related to joint stability, especially under dynamic conditions and conditions where the static joint stabilizers (i.e., ligaments) have been compromised by injury.

scholarly journals High-NaCl Diet Aggravates Cardiac Injury in Rats with Adenine-Induced Chronic Renal Failure and Increases Serum Troponin T Levels

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlos Kashioulis ◽  
Ola Hammarsten ◽  
Niels Marcussen ◽  
Emman Shubbar ◽  
Aso Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Aims: To examine the effects of 2 weeks of high-NaCl diet on left ventricular (LV) morphology and serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure (ACRF). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats either received chow containing adenine or were pair-fed an identical diet without adenine [controls (C)]. Approximately 10 weeks after the beginning of the study, the rats were randomized to either remain on a normal NaCl diet (NNa; 0.6%) or to be switched to high-NaCl chow (HNa; 4%) for 2 weeks, after which acute experiments were performed. Results: Rats with ACRF showed statistically significant increases (p < 0.001) in arterial pressure (AP), LV weight and fibrosis, and serum cTnT levels compared to controls. Two weeks of high-NaCl intake augmented the increases in AP, LV weight and fibrosis, and serum cTnT concentrations only in ACRF rats (p < 0.05 for group × NaCl intake interaction). Compared to group C-NNa, cTnT levels were elevated approximately 6-fold in group ACRF-NNa and 24-fold in group ACRF-HNa. Focal LV injury with cardiomyocyte necrosis, scarring, and fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries were only detected in group ACRF-HNa. There was a strong correlation between the degree of LV fibrosis and serum cTnT levels in ACRF rats (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Two weeks of high-NaCl diet in rats with ACRF produces LV injury and aggravates increases in serum cTnT levels, presumably by causing hypertension-induced small artery lesions leading to myocardial ischemia. This model may be suitable for studying pathophysiological mechanisms in chronic renicardiac syndromes.

Effect of amizet solution to the hepatic failure by endotoxin-treated rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-819
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Hirohata ◽  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Je Pan ◽  
Heng Zheng ◽  
kaoru Aihara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Branched Chain

Since endotoxin administration and also multiple organ failure(MOF) are accompanied by the acceleration of the proteolytic process although a sufficient energy source is given, it seems important to investigate the imbalance between consumption of branched-chain amino acids and increase of amino acid release in endotoxin treated liver. Therefore, authors have undertaken to investigate the ultrastructural alterations in endotoxin treated liver and explored the nutritional modification by branched-chain amino acid, Amizet.Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats(200-300g) were housed on a 12hrs.-light/12hrs.- dark cycle with laminar flow. Experimental Protocol: Rats were divided at random into the following four groups.Group 1: non-treated control.Group 2: A new amino acids solution riche in branched-chain amino acids, Amizet, was intraperitoneally infused at three times a week for 8 weeks.Group 3: received endotoxin(10mg/Kg, Difco Laboratories, Detroit) and observed for 8 weeks.Group 4: received endotoxin(10mg/Kg), and Amizet was intraperitoneally infused in the same procedure as Group 2 and 3.

Volume expansion-induced alterations in proximal tubule chloride gradient in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (6) ◽  
pp. F473-F478 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Galla ◽  
R. G. Luke
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tubule Fluid

To elucidate the mechanisms by which acute volume expansion (AVE) induces a decrease in proximal tubule transepithelial chloride gradient, male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied before and after AVE with Ringer lactate. In group 1, after AVE equivalent to 10% body wt, there were decreases in both tubule fluid to plasma inulin ratio ((TF/P)In) (from 2.28 +/- 0.10 to 1.57 +/- 0.05) and tubule fluid to ultrafiltrate chloride ratio ((TF/UF)Cl) (from 1.25 +/- 0.02 to 1.18 +/- 0.02). Group 2 was studied during carbonic anhydrase inhibition (CAI) produced by benzolamide before and during superimposed AVE (20% body wr). Both (TF/P)In (from 1.91 +/- 0.10 to 1.41 +/- 0.08) and (TF/UF)Cl (from 1.07 +/- 0.02 to 1.01+/- 0.01) decreased. Group 3 was studied during maintained AVE (15% body wt) as a control for group 4, in which CAI was superimposed on maintained AVE. In group 3, (TF/P)In and (TF/UF)Cl did not change, but in group 4 CAI was associated with a decrease in (TF/P)In (from 1.55 +/- 0.05 to 1.21 +/- 0.05) and in (TF/UF)Cl (from 1.16 +/- 0.01 to 1.04 +/- 0.07). These data suggest that in the superficial proximal convoluted tubule of the rat, AVE-induced alterations in transepithelial chloride gradient are dependent on a mechanism(s) other than changes in carbonic anhydrase-mediated bicarbonate reabsorption.

scholarly journals Risperidone-Induced Renal Damage and Metabolic Side Effects: The Protective Effect of Resveratrol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Bilgiç ◽  
Deniz Taştemir Korkmaz ◽  
Sebile Azirak ◽  
Ayşe Nilay Güvenç ◽  
Nevin Kocaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible protective qualities of resveratrol (RSV) against the side effects of risperidone (RIS) in an experimental model in rat kidneys with histologic and biochemical assessments. Materials and Methods. Experimental procedures were performed on 35 female Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, untreated rats (n=7) were in group 1; group 2 was given 2 mg/kg/day RIS (n=7); group 3 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 20 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7); group 4 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 40 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7); and group 5 was treated with 2 mg/kg/day RIS and 80 mg/kg/day RSV (n=7). All treatments were administered for two weeks by gavage. On treatment day 15, kidney tissues were removed for analysis. Results. The results showed that RSV treatment reduced weight gain induced by RIS. In addition, RSV increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) and decreased serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion. This study revealed that treatment with RSV might protect kidney tissues against the side effects of RIS. RSV could be an effective course of therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Effects of xylene and formaldehyde inhalations on renal oxidative stress and some serum biochemical parameters in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cavit Kum ◽  
Selim Sekkin ◽  
Funda Kiral ◽  
Ferda Akar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Group 2

In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the possible renal oxidative stress and some serum biochemical parameters and their alterations caused by the exposure to xylene and formaldehyde (HCHO) in rats. Weighing 150—200 g, 12-week-old, 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (300-ppm technical xylene), Group 3 (6-ppm HCHO) and Group 4 (150-ppm technical xylene + 3-ppm HCHO). The animals were exposed to gases eight hours per day for six weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. In addition, serum total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine levels were evaluated. Compared with the control animals, urea levels increased significantly in all groups ( P < 0.001). GSH activities and MDA levels increased in xylene and xylene + HCHO groups ( P < 0.05). No statistically considerable differences were found in SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, total protein, albumin and creatinine levels among all groups ( P > 0.05). The present study indicates but not statistically confirms the renal toxicity of the exposures to xylene, HCHO and a mixture of them.

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