scholarly journals Impact of Kidney Function on Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality: A Comparison of South Asian and European Cohorts

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie V. Eastwood ◽  
Nishi Chaturvedi ◽  
Naveed Sattar ◽  
Paul I. Welsh ◽  
Alun D. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Risk Factor Model ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: Evidence is limited on ethnic differences in associations between kidney function markers and mortality or cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: Baseline cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal follow-up study of a UK population-based cohort of 1,116 Europeans and 1,104 South Asians of predominantly Indian descent, age 52 ± 7 years at baseline (1988–1991). Kidney function was estimated using Cystatin C and creatinine-based chronic kidney disease (CKD) Epidemiology Collaboration estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). Mortality was captured at 27 years, and incident CVD at 22 years, from death certification, medical records and participant report. Longitudinal associations between eGFR/ACR and mortality/incident CVD were examined using Cox models. Results: eGFRcys was lower and ACR higher in South Asians than Europeans. eGFRcys and ­eGFRcreat were more strongly associated with outcomes in Europeans than South Asians. Conversely, associations between ACR and outcomes were greater in South Asians than Europeans, for example, for CVD mortality: HRs (95% CI) adjusted for CVD risk factors and ACR/eGFRcys as appropriate, p for ethnicity interaction: eGFRcys: Europeans: 0.76 (0.62–0.92), South Asians: 0.92 (0.78–1.07), p = 0.05, eGFRcreat: Europeans 0.81 (0.67–0.99), South Asians 1.18 (0.97–1.41), p = 0.002, ACR: ­Europeans: 1.24 (1.08–1.42), South Asians: 1.39 (1.25–1.57), p= 0.23. Addition of all CKD measures to a standard CVD risk factor model modestly improved prediction capability in ­Europeans; in South Asians only ACR contributed to improvement. Conclusions: Strong associations between ACR and outcomes in South Asians of predominantly Indian origin, and null associations for eGFRcys and eGFRcreat, suggest that ACR may have greater utility in CVD risk prediction in South Asians. Further work is needed to validate these ­findings.

scholarly journals The association between serum alanine aminotransferase and hypertension: A national based cross-sectional analysis among over 21 million Chinese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajing Jia ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Fangchao Liu ◽  
Minjin Zhang ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Inconsistent results were found in the association between serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hypertension among population-based studies. This study evaluated the association between ALT and hypertension among Chinese reproductive-age population by utilizing registration data from National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkups Project in 2016–2017. Methods The 21,103,790 registered participants were eligible for analysis, including women who were 20–49 years old and men who were 20–59 years old with available data for ALT and blood pressure (BP). Logistic regression was conducted to estimate odds ratio (OR) for the association between ALT and hypertension as a binary outcome. Linear regression was used to examine the association between ALT and BP as a continuous outcome. Results In total, 4.21% of the participants were hypertensive, and 11.67% had elevated ALT (> 40 U/L). Hypertension prevalence was 3.63% and 8.56% among participants with normal and elevated ALT levels. A strong linear relationship was found between serum ALT levels and the odds of hypertension after adjustment for potential confounders. The multivariable-adjusted ORs for hypertension were 1, 1.22 (1.21, 1.22), 1.67 (1.65 1.68), 1.78 (1.76, 1.80), and 1.92 (1.90, 1.94) in participants with ALT levels of ≤ 20, 20.01–40, 40.01–60, 60.01–80, and > 80 U/L, respectively. Systolic and diastolic BPs rose by 1.83 and 1.20 mmHg on average, for each 20 U/L increase in ALT (P for trend < 0.001). The association was consistent among subgroups and tended to be stronger among populations who are overweight (body mass index ≥ 24 kg/m2) (χ2 = 52,228, P < 0.001), alcohol drinking (χ2 = 100,730, P < 0.001) and cigarette smoking (χ2 = 105,347, P < 0.001). Conclusions Our cross-sectional analysis suggested a linear association between serum ALT and hypertension or BP, which indicated that abnormal liver metabolism marked by elevated serum ALT could play a role in hypertension or elevated BP condition.

scholarly journals Reduced Kidney Function and Relative Hypocalciuria—Observational, Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 4133
Author(s):  
Massimo Cirillo ◽  
Giancarlo Bilancio ◽  
Pierpaolo Cavallo ◽  
Francesco Giordano ◽  
Gennaro Iesce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Urine Calcium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Reduced Kidney Function ◽  
Low Serum

This observational, cross-sectional, epidemiological analysis investigated relationships of kidney function to urine calcium and other variables. The analyses targeted two population-based samples of adults (Gubbio study and Moli-sani study: n = 3508 and 955, respectively). Kidney function was assessed as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Calcium/creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr) was used as index of urinary calcium in timed overnight urine under fed condition (Gubbio study), morning urine after overnight fast (Gubbio study), and first-void morning urine (Moli-sani study). Moli-sani study included also data for glomerular filtered calcium load, tubular calcium handling, and serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. eGFR positively and independently related to Ca/Cr (p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, eGFR lower by 10 mL/min × 1.73 m2 related to overnight urine Ca/Cr lower by 14.0 mg/g in men and 17.8 mg/g in women, to morning urine Ca/Cr lower by 9.3 mg/g in men and 11.2 mg/g in women, and to first-void urine Ca/Cr lower by 7.7 mg/g in men and 9.6 mg/g in women (p < 0.001). eGFR independently related to glomerular filtered calcium load (p < 0.001) and did not relate to tubular calcium handling (p ≥ 0.35). In reduced eGFR only (<90 mL/min × 1.73 m2), low urine Ca/Cr independently related to low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (p = 0.002) and did not relate to hyperphosphatemia, high serum parathyroid hormone, or hypocalcemia (p ≥ 0.14). Population-based data indicated consistent associations of lower kidney function with lower urine calcium due to reduction in glomerular filtered calcium. In reduced kidney function, relative hypocalciuria associated with higher prevalence of low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

Non-pharmacological management of adult asthma in Australia: cross-sectional analysis of a population-based cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Tan ◽  
John A. Burgess ◽  
Jennifer L. Perret ◽  
Dinh S. Bui ◽  
Michael J. Abramson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Adult Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Comorbidities in adults with asthma: Population-based cross-sectional analysis of 1.4 million adults in Scotland

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1246-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Weatherburn ◽  
B. Guthrie ◽  
S. W. Mercer ◽  
D. R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract P047: Circulating Levels of the DDT Metabolite p,p'-DDE are Related to Prevalent Hypertension in the Elderly

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Lind ◽  
Samira Salihovic ◽  
Bert v Bavel ◽  
Lars Lind
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Circulating Levels

Background: Exposure to PCBs and dioxin to experimental animals increase blood pressure. We therefore investigated if circulating levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were related to hypertension in a population-based sample. Methods: 1016 subjects aged 70 years were investigated in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. Hypertension was defined as either use of antihypertensive treatment or blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg. Twenty-one different POPs, including 16 PCBs, three pesticides (HCB, DDE and TNK), one dioxin (OCDD) and one brominated compound (BDE47) were analyzed by high-resolution chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/ HRMS) at age 70. Results: 732 subjects (72%) showed hypertension. When the POPs were treated as continuous variables and adjusted for gender only, several of the PCBs with a low number of chlorine atoms (PCB74, 99, 105, 118 and 138) were related to prevalent hypertension. Also the OC pesticides, HCB, TNK, pp-DDE, and the brominated compound BDE47 were related to hypertension. The strongest of these associations were seen for pp-DDE (OR 1.35 for a SD change, 95%CI 1.17-1.56, p<0.0001). Following further adjustment for serum cholesterol and triglycerides, BMI, smoking, education and exercise habits, only pp-DDE was still significant (OR 1.23 for a SD change, 95%CI 1.06- 1.43, p=0.006). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional analysis of an elderly population, high levels of circulating levels of pp-DDE were associated with prevalent hypertension, further strengthening the experimental findings that POPs might influence blood pressure.

scholarly journals P0732DOES KIDNEY FUNCTION INFLUENCE PLASMA ADIPONECTIN CONCENTRATION IN ELDERLY CAUCASIANS?

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Adamczak ◽  
Sylwia Dudzicz ◽  
Jerzy Chudek ◽  
Jan Zejda ◽  
Tomasz Zdrojewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin

Abstract Background and Aims Adiponectin is a hormone produced almost exclusively by the adipose tissue with vaso-protective activity and mostly metabolized in the kidneys. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is declining with age in elderly subjects and therefore it is expected to be followed by accumulation of adiponectin in the circulation. The aim of this study was to assess the plasma concentration of adiponectin in relation to GFR in the older population-based on the PolSenior study cohort. Method The PolSenior study was a multicenter cross-sectional study which assessed the health status of older adults in Poland. In 3913 subjects aged 65 years or above (2041 male and 1872 female, BMI 28.1±5.1 kg/m2, mean age 79±9 years) plasma adiponectin concentration (ELISA; B-Bridge International) was measured. GFR was estimated using a short MDRD formula. All results are presented as means with standard deviations. Results In studied subjects eGFR was 76 ml/min/1.73 m2. eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was observed in 842 (22%) subjects. Plasma concentration of adiponectin was 11.9±6.4 µg/ml. In subjects with eGFR &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 significantly higher plasma adiponectin concentrations were observed compared to subjects with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (12.5±6.7 vs. 11.8±6.3 respectively, p=0.01). Plasma adiponectin concentration depends strongly on BMI (R= -0.28; p&lt;0.001) and marginally on the kidney function (R=-0.05; p=0.005). Multivariate regression analysis including plasma adiponectin concentration, BMI, eGFR, occurrence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, showed that BMI and prevalence of diabetes (b=-0.24, p&lt;0.001, b=-0.11, p&lt;0.0001, respectively) but not eGFR explain variability of plasma adiponectin concentration. Conclusion Plasma adiponectin concentration is only slightly affected by kidney function in elderly Caucasians from the PolSenior study.

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