scholarly journals Posterior Variant of Alien Limb Syndrome with Sudden Clinical Onset as Self-Hitting Associated with Thalamic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Russo ◽  
Claudia Carrarini ◽  
Fedele Dono ◽  
Vincenzo Di Stefano ◽  
Maria Vittoria De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Acute Presentation ◽  
Alien Limb ◽  
Clinical Onset ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Thalamic Stroke ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Thalamic Infarct

We present a case of sudden postischaemic onset of alien limb syndrome, with unintentional self-injury. Alien limb syndrome is an uncommon neurological disorder featured by uncontrolled and involuntary movements of a limb. Three variants of alien limb syndrome have been described: the anterior, featured by grasping of surrounding objects, the callosal, presenting with intermanual conflict, and the posterior, associated with involuntary levitation of the limb. Our patient suffered from an acute presentation of the posterior variant of the alien limb syndrome, resulting from an isolated thalamic stroke which was documented using 24-h computed tomography brain scan. Only one previous case of alien limb syndrome after thalamic infarct has been reported. Our case enhances the possibility that pure thalamic injury may represent a trigger for this condition.

scholarly journals Giant sigmoid diverticulitis mimicking acute appendicitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. e89-e90 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anderton ◽  
B Griffiths ◽  
G Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sigmoid Diverticulitis ◽  
Acute Presentation ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Giant Sigmoid Diverticulum ◽  
Right Iliac Fossa Pain ◽  
Colonic Diverticula

Giant colonic diverticula are a rare manifestation of diverticular disease and there are fewer than 150 cases described in the literature. They may have an acute or chronic presentation or may remain asymptomatic and be found incidentally. As the majority (over 80%) of giant diverticula are located in the sigmoid colon, they usually present with left-sided symptoms but due to the variable location of the sigmoid loop, right-sided symptoms are possible. We describe the acute presentation of an inflamed giant sigmoid diverticulum with right iliac fossa pain. We discuss both the treatment options for this interesting condition and also the important role of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of abdominal pain in elderly patients.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ENTRANCE SURFACE RADIATION DOSE TO THYROID REGION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BRAIN EXAMINATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Visakh T ◽  
Suresh Sukumar ◽  
Abhimanyu Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Brain Examination

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region in a computed tomography (CT) brain scan.Methods: Unfors Multi-O-Meter equipment was used to measure the entrance surface at the thyroid region of adult patients ranging from 18 to 70 years of age. A total of 115 patients were included in the study based on convenience sampling. The Multi-O-Meter was kept at the thyroid region during the scan, and the values for entrance surface dose (ESD) were noted from its monitor after the scan was complete.Results: The obtained data were analyzed and violate normal distribution; therefore, the median and quartiles were computed. The overall median (Q1, Q2), ESD of the patients, was 1.335 (1.213, 1.529) mGy. The minimum and maximum dose values recorded were 1.015 mGy and 1.964 mGy, respectively.Conclusions: The result showed a significant amount of entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region while taking a brain scan. This data can be used for optimization of radiation protection while undergoing CT scans of brain to reduce exposure to thyroid region.

Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Mackay ◽  
Edison Miyawaki
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Paroxysmal Disorders ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

The hyperkinetic movement disorders include heterogeneous diseases and syndromes, all characterized by one or a variety of excessive, involuntary movements. The hyperkinetic movement disorders are heterogeneous in clinical presentation, but a rational and practical approach to diagnosis exists based on new genetic correlations and targeted laboratory investigations. Treatments informed by a still-developing picture of motor pathophysiology offer significant benefit for these disorders. This chapter discusses choreiform disorders, including patterns in choreiform diagnosis; tremor disorders; paroxysmal disorders, including tics and myoclonus; dystonias, including monogenic primary dystonias; and pathophysiology and treatment in the hyperkinetic movement disorders. Figures include clinical photos, computed tomography scans, and an algorithm representing cortical-subcortical circuitry. Tables delineate definitions, distinguishing clinical features, medications, genetics, protein products, and treatments associated with various disorders.  This review contains 6 figures, 12 tables, and 145 references.

scholarly journals The Effect of S-Adenosylmethionine Treatment on Neurobehavioral Phenotypes in Lesch-Nyhan Disease: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Ken Momosaki ◽  
Jun Kido ◽  
Shiro Matsumoto ◽  
Atsuo Taniguchi ◽  
Tomoyuki Akiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Inspiratory Stridor ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Generalized Dystonia ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase

Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. Patients with LND experience involuntary movements, including dystonia, choreoathetosis, opisthotonos, ballismus, and self-injury. Alleviating these involuntary movements is important to improve the quality of life in patients with LND. Many clinicians have difficulty controlling these involuntary movements in their patients, and there are no established and effective treatments. A 6-month-old boy with LND presented with generalized dystonia and self-injury behavior that was alleviated after receiving S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe). His self-injury behavior completely resolved after he received SAMe and risperidone. Although he had often experienced inspiratory stridor because of laryngeal dystonia and frequently developed aspiration pneumonitis and bronchitis, no inspiratory stridor was noted after SAMe treatment. The patient is continuing to receive SAMe and risperidone. SAMe treatment alleviates dystonic movements and improves quality of life in pediatric patients with LND. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of SAMe and its appropriate dosage.

Sensitivity of Radionuclide Brain Scan and Computed Tomography in Early Detection of Viral Meningoencephalitis

Radiology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Edmund Kim ◽  
Frank H. DeLand ◽  
Joe Montebello
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Brain Scan

scholarly journals Krukenberg Tumor: A Rare Cause of Ovarian Torsion

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Sandhu ◽  
Omar Arafat ◽  
Harshad Patel ◽  
Chandana Lall
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cystic Teratoma ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Ovarian Torsion ◽  
Krukenberg Tumor ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Acute Presentation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Krukenberg Tumors ◽  
Ct Features

Ovarian torsion is the fifth most common gynecological surgical emergency. Ovarian torsion is usually associated with a cyst or a tumor, which is typically benign. The most common is mature cystic teratoma. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman who came to the Emergency Department with rare acute presentation of bilateral Krukenberg tumors, due to unilateral ovarian torsion. In this case report, we highlight the specific computed tomography (CT) features of ovarian torsion and demonstrate the unique radiological findings on CT imaging. Metastasis to the ovary is not rare and 5 to 10% of all ovarian malignancies are metastatic. The stomach is the common primary site in most Krukenberg tumors (70%); an acute presentation of metastatic Krukenberg tumors with ovarian torsion is rare and not previously reported in radiology literature.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Alien Limb-Related Phenomena and Implications for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Di Pietro ◽  
Mirella Russo ◽  
Fedele Dono ◽  
Claudia Carrarini ◽  
Astrid Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Alien Limb ◽  
Complementary Set

Consensus criteria on corticobasal degeneration (CBD) include alien limb (AL) phenomena. However, the gist of the behavioral features of AL is still “a matter of debate.” CBD-related AL has so far included the description of involuntary movements, frontal release phenomena (frontal AL), or asomatognosia (posterior or “real” AL). In this context, the most frequent symptoms are language and praxis deficits and cortical sensory misperception. However, asomatognosia requires, by definition, intact perception and cognition. Thus, to make a proper diagnosis of AL in the context of CBD, cognitive and language dysfunctions must be carefully verified and objectively assessed. We reviewed the current literature on AL in CBD and now propose that the generic use of the term AL should be avoided. This catchall AL term should instead be deconstructed. We propose that the term AL is appropriate to describe clinical features associated with specific brain lesions. More discrete sets of regionally bound clinical signs that depend on dysfunctions of specific brain areas need to be assessed and presented when posing the diagnosis. Thus, in our opinion, the AL term should be employed in association with precise descriptions of the accompanying involuntary movements, sensory misperceptions, agnosia-asomatognosia contents, and the presence of utilization behavior. The review also offers an overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging-based studies evaluating AL-related phenomena. In addition, we provide a complementary set of video clips depicting CBD-related involuntary movements that should not mistakenly be interpreted as signs of AL.

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