scholarly journals Microbiological Control of Cellular Products: The Relevance of the Cellular Matrix, Incubation Temperature, and Atmosphere for the Detection Performance of Automated Culture Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-263
Author(s):  
Susanne-Katharina Günther ◽  
Celina Geiss ◽  
Stefan J. Kaiser ◽  
Nico T. Mutters ◽  
Frank Günther
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Detection Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Microbiological Control ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Method Suitability

Background: The microbiological control of cellular products sometimes causes significant procedural issues for quality control laboratories. According to the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the microbiological control of cellular products requires a 7- to 14-day incubation period at two different incubation temperatures using aerobic and anaerobic growth media. However, the suitability of these test conditions for efficient quality control can be influenced by many conditions, such as the expected microbial spectrum of contamination or the texture and composition of the cellular product. Because of interference, direct inoculation and membrane filtration as reference methods of pharmacopoeia are largely unsuitable for the microbiological control of cellular products; therefore, alternative and, above all, automated methods are the focus of interest. Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the method suitability and possible effects of cell matrix, incubation temperature, and oxygen pressure on the detection performance of automated culture systems. Methods: The BacT/ALERT® 3DTM Dual T system (bioMérieux, Nürtingen, Germany) was used to evaluate the factors influencing automated microbiological control of cellular products. The tests were performed using microbial strains recommended by the EP for microbiological method suitability testing and additional relevant possible contaminants of human-derived stem-cell products under varying culture and cell matrix conditions. Results: All contaminants were detected by the system in the required period of 2–5 days. Low incubation temperatures (22°C) had overall negative effects on the detection kinetics of each type of microbial contamination. The adverse effects of the accompanying cell matrix on the detection properties of the system could be compensated in our study by incubation at 32°C in both the aerobic and the anaerobic culture conditions. Conclusion: Automated culture techniques represent a sufficient approach for the microbiological control of cellular products. The negative effects of the cell matrix and microbial contamination on the detection performance can be compensated by the application of variable culture conditions in the automated culture system.

scholarly journals Decellularized Porcine Cartilage Scaffold; Validation of Decellularization and Evaluation of Biomarkers of Chondrogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6241
Author(s):  
Roxanne N. Stone ◽  
Stephanie M. Frahs ◽  
Makenna J. Hardy ◽  
Akina Fujimoto ◽  
Xinzhu Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Cartilage Restoration ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
Decellularized Scaffold ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Scaffold

Osteoarthritis is a major concern in the United States and worldwide. Current non-surgical and surgical approaches alleviate pain but show little evidence of cartilage restoration. Cell-based treatments may hold promise for the regeneration of hyaline cartilage-like tissue at the site of injury or wear. Cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions have been shown to drive cell differentiation pathways. Biomaterials for clinically relevant applications can be generated from decellularized porcine auricular cartilage. This material may represent a suitable scaffold on which to seed and grow chondrocytes to create new cartilage. In this study, we used decellularization techniques to create an extracellular matrix scaffold that supports chondrocyte cell attachment and growth in tissue culture conditions. Results presented here evaluate the decellularization process histologically and molecularly. We identified new and novel biomarker profiles that may aid future cartilage decellularization efforts. Additionally, the resulting scaffold was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and proteomics. Cellular response to the decellularized scaffold was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR for gene expression analysis.

Phytotoxic Effect of Decaying Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Residues

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Toai ◽  
D. L. Linscott
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Toxin Formation ◽  
Agropyron Repens

We studied the effects of temperature (5, 10, 20, and 30 C) on the phytotoxic activity of decaying quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.] leaves and rhizomes that were incubated in soils for 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds were grown for 96 h in water, water extracts of control soils, and water extracts of soil with quackgrass rhizomes or leaves. Dried quackgrass rhizomes and leaves contained water-soluble toxins that inhibited alfalfa seedling development and growth. There was a strong interaction between incubation time and temperature on the development of additional toxins by decomposing quackgrass. High incubation temperature (30 C) accelerated toxin formation and ultimate decay. Intermediate temperature (20 C) delayed toxin formation and decay. Low incubation temperatures (5 C and 10 C) prevented formation of additional toxin. In all extracts of quackgrass and soil that had been incubated for 6 weeks, normal alfalfa seedling number equaled that in water. However, seedling growth varied with incubation temperatures.Treatment of quackgrass with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] in the greenhouse did not influence the toxicity of decaying quackgrass leaves. The highest toxic effect was noted after 1 week of decay on the soil surface.

Unintended Negative Effects of Diversity Management

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Von Bergen ◽  
Barlow Soper ◽  
Teresa Foster
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Diversity Training ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Pressures

Diversity management has grown out of the need for organizations, agencies, and departments to address a changing workforce and other pervasive social pressures. An army of experts has emerged to meet this growing need, but frequently with questionable results. This paper highlights why diversity training is important and will become even more so, issues related to quality control of providers and services, what may go wrong within the context of providing diversity training programs, and the results in these situations for individuals and organizations.

Thermal and water source effects upon the stability of enteroviruses in surface freshwaters

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christon J. Hurst ◽  
William H. Benton ◽  
Kim A. McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Inactivation Rate ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The long-term survival of three human enterovirus serotypes, Coxsackievirus B3, echovirus 7, and poliovirus 1 was examined in samples of surface freshwater collected from five sites of physically different character. These were an artificial lake created by damming a creek, a small groundwater outlet pond, both a large- and a medium-sized river, and a small suburban creek. Survival was studied at temperatures of −20, 1, and 22 °C. The average amount of viral inactivation was 6.50–7.0 log10 units over 8 weeks at 22 °C, 4–5 log10 units over 12 weeks at 1 °C, and 0.4–0.8 log10 units over 12 weeks at −20 °C. The effect of incubation temperature upon viral inactivation rate was statistically significant (p < 0.00001). As determined by pairing tests, survival was also significantly related to both viral serotype and water source at each of the three incubation temperatures (p ≤ 0.05). Efforts were made to determine whether the rate of viral inactivation observed at the different incubation temperatures was related to characteristics inherent to the water that was collected from the different locations. The characteristics examined included physical and chemical parameters, indigenous bacterial counts, and the amount of bacterial growth that the waters would support (measured as the maximum number of generations which seeded bacteria could undergo after being placed into either pasteurized or sterile-filtered water samples). Analysis of viral inactivation rate versus these characteristics revealed three apparent effectors of viral persistence. These were (i) hardness and conductivity, both of which strongly correlated with one another; (ii) turbidity and suspended solids content, both of which strongly correlated with one another; and (iii) the number of generations of bacterial growth that a sample was capable of supporting, which also correlated with hardness and conductivity.Key words: virus, survival, inactivation rate, water.

Nest temperature´s influence on morphology of Dermochelys coriacea hatchlings incubated in hatcheries in Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García-Grajales ◽  
Juan Francisco Meraz ◽  
José Luis Arcos García ◽  
Eustacio Ramírez Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dermochelys Coriacea ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

The influence of nest incubation temperatures on the carapace shape and morphological traits of Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli 1761) hatchlings incubated in two hatcheries of Oaxaca, Mexico was evaluated. This study was carried out from October 2016 through May 2017. On each beach, there are community groups consisting of volunteers without association with universities, that protect and relocate the nests to increase hatching success. In each translocated nest, a data logger was placed in the centre of the egg mass. Hatchlings were collected as they emerged from each nest. The carapaces of the hatchlings were photographed and subjected to geometric morphometric analysis; later, hatchlings were weighed and their bodies were measured. The mean temperature of 12 nests in each hatchery were recorded, with no significant differences between hatcheries. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an overlapping of the carapace shape under different duration of temperature. Temperature had a significant influence on hatchling morphology. Higher mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings with low weight, smaller appendage; narrower carapace width and shorter flippers length. Lower mean incubation temperatures produced hatchlings that had greater weight, greater appendage width, wider carapace width and longer flipper length. Results indicate that the D. coriacea hatchlings incubated in hatcheries demonstrate morphology that varies in relation to nest incubation temperature in a similar way to hatchlings produced in natural environments.

scholarly journals Capture, Storage and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by Microalgae and Production of Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 574-586
Author(s):  
Marta Bertolini ◽  
Fosca Conti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operative Strategies

Abstract Carbon dioxide emissions are strongly related to climate change and increase of global temperature. Whilst a complete change in producing materials and energy and in traffic and transportation systems is already in progress and circular economy concepts are on working, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) represent technically practicable operative strategies. Both technologies have main challenges related to high costs, so that further advanced research is required to obtain feasible options. In this article, the focus is mainly on CCU using microalgae that are able to use CO2 as building block for value-added products such as biofuels, EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances), biomaterials and electricity. The results of three strains (UTEX 90, CC 2656, and CC 1010) of the microalgal organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are discussed. The results about ideal culture conditions suggest incubation temperature of 30 °C, pH between 6.5 and 7.0, concentrations of acetate between 1.6 and 2.3 g L–1 and of ammonium chloride between 0.1 and 0.5 g L–1, the addition of glucose This green microalga is a valid model system to optimize the production of biomass, carbohydrates and lipids.

scholarly journals Effects of constant incubation regimes on eggs and hatchlings of the egg-laying skink, Oligosoma suteri

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kelly Maree Hare
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Fitness Traits ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

<p>The conditions under which reptilian eggs are incubated affect survival probability and physiological attributes of the progeny. The egg-laying skink, Oligosoma suteri, is the only endemic oviparous lizard in New Zealand. No controlled laboratory incubation had previously been undertaken, and thus no information was available on the requirements for successful captive incubation. I studied the effects of incubation regime on the eggs and hatchlings of O. suteri to four months of age. Oligosoma suteri eggs (n = 174) were randomly distributed among three constant incubation temperatures (18°C, 22°C and 26°C) and two water potentials (-120 kPa and -270 kPa). Hatching success and hatchling survival were greatest at 22°C and 26°C, with hatchlings from 18°C incubation suffering from physical abnormalities. Incubation regime and maternal influence did not affect sex of individuals, with equal sex ratios occurring from each incubation treatment. Hatchlings from the 22°C and -120 kPa incubation treatments were larger, for most measurements, and warmer incubation temperatures resulted in increased growth rates. Juveniles from 22°C and 26°C and individuals with greater mass per unit length (condition index) sprinted faster over 0.25 m. Sprint speed was positively correlated with ambient temperature. At four months of age sprint speed decreased in 18°C individuals and individuals incubated at 26°C and -270 kPa compared to their performance at one month. The results suggest that the most successful captive incubation regime for O. suteri is 22°C and -120 kPa. This study also shows that temperature-dependent sex determination does not occur in O. suteri, but that fitness traits are influenced by incubation temperature.</p>

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