scholarly journals Antidepressant-Like Effect of Bauhinia blakeana Dunn in a Neuroinflammation Model in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Maribel Herrera-Ruiz ◽  
Mayra A. Santillán-Urquiza ◽  
Ofelia Romero-Cerecero ◽  
Alejandro Zamilpa ◽  
Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Chemical Separation ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain

Objective: To evaluate the antidepressant effect of Bauhinia blakeana and a standardized fraction in the forced swimming test (FST) on mice with neuroinflammation induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Materials and Methods: Evaluation of the antidepressant effect of Bauhinia blakeana hydroalcoholic extract (BbHA) and its fractions was carried out in behavioral tests on mice with LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Results: BbHA had a significant antidepressant effect, measured on healthy mice in the FST. Bio-guided chemical separation of the extract produced a methanolic fraction (BbMe), which decreased the immobility time in FST. In this test, the intraperitoneal administration of LPS induced depression in mice, and BbHA and BbMe counteracted this effect, significantly decreasing the induced depression. Quantification of inflammatory mediators (IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in the brain demonstrated that BbHA and BbMe effectively decreased the effect of LPS on the brain concentration of all measured cytokines. Conclusions: Bauhinia blakeana produced an antidepressant effect, while BbMe also exerted a modulating effect, on the damage induced by LPS. Rutin, a glycosylated flavonoid, was identified as the main compound in the active fraction, which could mediate in the antidepressant and immunomodulatory effect.

scholarly journals Antidepressant-like Effect and Mechanisms of Essential Oils From Citrus Reticulata in Reserpine-induced Depression Model Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghui Tang ◽  
Yong Ai ◽  
Siyang Zhu ◽  
Ni Song ◽  
Xian Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Suspension Test

Abstract Citrus reticulata, has been used for various diseases such as cough. According to previous studies, the essential oil of C. reticulata (CREOs) have been shown to be effectively alleviate depression-like behaviors in mice. This study is aimed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of CREOs in the rapid reserpine-induced depression model mice as well as its possible mechanisms. The experiment was conducted in six groups, each with four mice. The essential oil group and the control group were administered by sniffing (1h/d), while the reserpine group and fluoxetine group by intraperitoneal injection. Body weight, forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to assess depressive behavior. The compositions and contents of CREOs were analyzed by GC-MS. The results indicated that reserpine could reduce the weight of mice and prolong the immobility time of FST and TST. Moreover, the level of 5HT-1A, GR and Nissl bodies in the brain tissue were significantly reduced, while the level of BDNF was increased in reserpine-treated mice. The administration of CREOs could effectively inhibit the weight loss and the prolongation of immobility time caused by reserpine. In addition, the treatment of CREOs has also been shown to reverse the changes in Nissl body, 5-HT, GR and BDNF levels. Limonene was the main active component of CREOs and might be related to the reduction of BDNF. By up-regulating the level of BDNF, CREOs could regulate the hyperexcitability of the HPA axis, thereby increasing the level of neurotransmitters and restoring neurons.

scholarly journals Limonene through Attenuation of Neuroinflammation and Nitrite Level Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect on Mouse Model of Maternal Separation Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zahra Lorigooini ◽  
Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni ◽  
Mohammad Sayyadi-Shahraki ◽  
Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh ◽  
Elham Bijad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nitrite Level ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test

Background and Aim. Depression is a social problem with high economic burden in the society. Finding an effective agent with high efficacy and few side effects is therefore needed. Involvement of neuroimmune response as well as nitric oxide (NO) has been determined in the pathophysiology of depression. Limonene is a terpene with various pharmacological properties. Thus, we aimed to evaluate antidepressant-like effect of limonene on a mouse model of maternal separation (MS) focusing on neuroinflammation and NO level in the hippocampus. Methods. Mice were randomly divided into experimental groups as follows: the control group received normal saline and MS groups received normal saline, limonene (10 and 20 mg/kg), L-NAME (10 mg/kg), L-arginine (L-arg) (75 mg/kg), limonene (10 mg/kg) plus L-NAME, and limonene (20 mg/kg) plus L-arg. Behavioral tests including the forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), and splash test were performed. Finally, serum and hippocampal nitrite levels as well as the expression of inflammatory genes (IL-1β and TNF-α) in the hippocampus were measured. Results. We showed that MS caused depressive-like behavior. Treatment of MS mice with limonene reduced the duration of immobility time in FST and increases the grooming activity time in the splash test. Limonene also reduces serum and brain nitrite levels and reduces the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the hippocampus. We found that L-NAME potentiated the effects of a subeffective dose of limonene. Conclusion. We concluded that the antidepressant-like effects of limonene are probably mediated through inhibition of neuroinflammation and attenuation of nitrite levels in the hippocampus.

Antidepressant-like effect of simvastatin in diabetic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 649-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Mohamed ElBatsh
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serotonin Concentration ◽  
Dopamine Concentration ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Neurochemical Changes

Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by hormonal and neurochemical changes that can be associated with anxiety and depression. I investigated the antidepressant effect of simvastatin (SMV) on diabetic rats. Rats were divided into control (CTR) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic (STZ) groups and were orally administered 0, 5, or 10 mg/kg of SMV daily for 14 days, then exposed to the forced swimming test (FST). Our results showed that diabetic rats had higher immobility duration than the CTR rats, and SMV decreased this depressive-like behavior in the diabetic rats. However, clomipramine lowered the immobility time in the CTR and STZ rats. STZ decreased serotonin concentration in the hippocampus, which was reversed by SMV and clomipramine. The dopamine concentration in the hippocampus decreased in the STZ groups compared with the CTR groups. However, SMV and clomipramine had no significant effect on the dopamine levels in either the CTR or STZ groups. Corticosterone levels were increased in the untreated STZ group; SMV and clomipramine significantly decreased corticosterone levels in the STZ groups, but had no effect on the CTR groups. In conclusion, SMV exerts an antidepressant-like effect on diabetic rats that are submitted to the FST. The antidepressant-like effect of SMV in the FST appears to be mediated, at least in part, by the biochemical changes to the blood levels of corticosterone and of serotonin concentration in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Investigation of the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie- Yu granule and its mechanism of action

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1927-1931
Author(s):  
Li-shu Gao ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
En-ping Xu ◽  
Jian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Open Field Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: To study the antidepressant effects of Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule (SJG) and its possible mechanisms in mice.Methods: The anti-depressive effects of SJG were evaluated by three techniques, viz, forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT). The levels of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE), DA, and 5-HT in the brains of depressive mice were determined using commercially available kits. In addition, the effects of SJG on the BDNF expression in the mice brain were determined by western blot.Results: Administration of SJG significantly reduced the duration time of immobility in the experiments of FST and TST. In addition, relative to the control mice, SJG (800 mg/kg) administration significantly affected the mobility performance (p < 0.05) of mice. The levels of the three  neurotransmitters (DA, NE and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brains of depressive mice were increased by treatment with SJG at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, which could be attributed to increases in the levels of neurotransmitters, and the up-regulation of BDNF expression.Conclusion: The results suggested that SJG exerted a significant antidepressant effect, most probably via regulation of related neurotransmitters (including DA, NE, and 5-HT) and BDNF in the brain. Keywords: Shu-Gan-Jie-Yu granule, Antidepressant, dopamine, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor

scholarly journals Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel naphthoquinone derivatives containing 1,2,4-triazine and 1,2,4-triazole moieties of methylene blue on the surface of a "core–shell" type catalyst for the Fenton system

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
N.V. Polish ◽  
◽  
M.V. Nesterkina ◽  
M.S. Protunkevych ◽  
A.I. Karkhut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Ptz Test ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Fenton System

Novel naphthoquinone derivatives bearing 1,2,4-triazine- (4a–b) and 1,2,4-triazole (5a–e) pharmacophores have been synthesized; their structure was confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopies and elemental analysis. The obtained heterocyclic compounds were estimated for their anticonvulsant activity on models of chemical- and electrical-induced seizures in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) tests, respectively. Forced swimming test was used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the naphthoquinone derivatives under study. Compounds 4a–b and 5a–e (100 mg kg–1) demonstrated anticonvulsant action comparable with valproic acid in PTZ-test and prevented the death of 100% of mice in MES model at 3 h and 24 h after oral administration. Moreover, these derivatives showed prolonged antidepressant-like properties, significantly reducing the duration of immobility time in comparison with the reference drug amitriptyline.

Nitric oxide mediates the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse forced swimming and tail suspension tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Omidi-Ardali ◽  
Abolfazl Ghasemi Badi ◽  
Elham Saghaei ◽  
Hossein Amini-Khoei
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have suggested antidepressant properties for modafinil; however, the underlying mechanisms mediating the antidepressant effect of modafinil have not been well recognized in clinical and animal studies. Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the pathophysiology of depression. We attempted to investigate the possible role of NO in the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).MethodsThe antidepressant-like effect of modafinil (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg), alone and in combination with l-arginine, l-arg, (100 mg/kg) and NG-l-arginine methyl ester, l-NAME (5 mg/kg), was evaluated using FST and TST. Following behavioral tests, the hippocampi were dissected out to measure nitrite levels.ResultsFindings suggested that administration of modafinil at doses of 50 and 75 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and TST. Furthermore, administration of l-arg and l-NAME increased and decreased, respectively, the immobility time in the FST and TST. We showed that co-administration of a sub-effective dose of modafinil (25 mg/kg) plus l-NAME potentiated the antidepressant-like effect of the sub-effective dose of modafinil. In addition, co-treatment of an effective dose of modafinil (75 mg/kg) with l-arg attenuated the antidepressant-like effect of the effective dose of modafinil. We showed that the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil is associated with decreased nitrite levels in the hippocampus.ConclusionsOur findings for the first time support that the modulation of NO, partially at least, is involved in the antidepressant-like effect of modafinil in mouse FST and TST.

scholarly journals ANTI-DEPRESSANT EFFECT OF CEFTRIAXONE IN FORCED SWIMMING TEST AND IN TAIL SUSPENSION TEST IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajoy Borah ◽  
Binita Singha ◽  
Swopna Phukan
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Forced Swimming ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Suspension Test

Objective: Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting nearly 350 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial health burden on the society. Ceftriaxone has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animals. It has also undergone trials as a treatment option for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of ceftriaxone in mice.Methods: Ceftriaxone was administered at three different doses (0.130, 0.195 and 0.260g/kg) to Swiss albino mice of either sex by intra peritoneal (i. p.) route. The period of immobility in control and drug-treated mice were recorded in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The antidepressant effect of ceftriaxone indicated by the decrease in duration of immobility was compared to that of fluoxetine (0.020 g/kg, i. p.).Results: Ceftriaxone decreased the duration of immobility in mice. It showed a significant dose-dependent antidepressant effect. The antidepressant effect of 0.260g/kg of ceftriaxone was comparable to that of fluoxetine in the TST but not in the FST.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate antidepressant activity of Ceftriaxone. The study shows that ceftriaxone has additional action on the central nervous system other than neuroprotection. Ceftriaxone therapy in cases of encephalomeningitis and in various cases of hemorrhages in the brain can, therefore, prevent the development of depression in future

Flavonoid-Rich Fraction of Ocimum gratissimum Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sickness Behavior, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abayomi Ajayi ◽  
Benneth Ben-Azu ◽  
Samuel Onasanwo ◽  
Olusegun Adeoluwa ◽  
Anthony Eduviere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Neuronal Disease ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Purpose Ocimum gratissimum L. leaves has been traditionally used for management of febrile illnesses and symptoms typified of sickness behavior. In this work we investigated the modulatory effect of flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaves (EAFOg) on sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in LPS-challenged mice. Method O. gratissimum leaf was first extracted with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol, and EAFOg was obtained by ethylacetate partitioning of a sequentially resultant methanol extract. The effect of EAFOg (25–100 mg/kg) on acute LPS-induced neurobehavioral impairment in an open field test (OFT) and depressive-like behavior in forced swimming test (FST) was investigated. Serum nitrite and TNF-α, as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in liver and brain tissues. Result EAFOg prevented the reduction in locomotor and rearing activity in OFT and the increase in immobility time in FST. The fraction significantly attenuated the elevation of serum TNF- α and nitrite levels. EAFOg reversed LPS-induced increase in MDA, MPO, and nitrite levels and attenuated GSH depletion in liver and brain tissues of mice. Conclusion Flavonoid-rich fraction of O. gratissimum leaf demonstrated significant modulation of LPS-induced sickness behavior, inflammatory and oxidative stress response in mice. This suggests an important therapeutic strategy in slowing down LPS-mediated hepatic and neuronal disease processes.

ANTI-PARKINSONIAN ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF CLEOME GYNANDRA LEAVES AGAINST MPTP AND ISOLATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (08) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Ramya Kuber Banoth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Tail Suspension ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cleome Gynandra ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Antiparkinsonian activity of Cleome gynandra (CG) was evaluated and chemical constituents were isolated. The results of the present study showed that spontaneous motor activity, retention time and number of head drippings were decreased, whereas immobility time in Tail suspension (TST) and Forced swimming test (FST) were increased in MPTP treated animals, while they were significantly (P<0.001) increased and (P<0.01) decreased with various extracts of CG. Dopamine, serotonin (P<0.001), epinephrine (P<0.01) and glutathione levels were significantly decreased and lipid peroxidation was increased in MPTP treated groups, while their levels were significantly (P<0.001) increased and decreased with various extracts of CG in a dose dependant manner as compared to MPTP, L-dopamine and control groups. Ethanolic leaf extract of CG leads to isolation of triterpenoid, flavone and anthocyanidin - O- methylated flavonoids, which were characterized by using spectroscopic investigation methods like FTIR, NMR and MS.

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