Diagnosis of Bilirubin Encephalopathy in Preterm Infants with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy

Neonatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Kitai ◽  
Satori Hirai ◽  
Naomi Okuyama ◽  
Mika Hirotsune ◽  
Satoshi Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bilirubin Encephalopathy

The prevention of cerebral palsy in preterm infants – the potential role of magnesium sulfate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (67) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Adelina Staicu ◽  
Adela Hanga ◽  
Ioana C. Rotar ◽  
Gabriela C. Zaharie ◽  
Daniel Mureşan
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Potential Role

Mechanical Ventilation in Preterm Infants: Neurosonographic and Developmental Studies

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Graziani ◽  
Alan R. Spitzer ◽  
Donald G. Mitchell ◽  
Daniel A. Merton ◽  
Christian Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Apgar Scores ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Grade Iii

Surviving preterm infants of less than 34 weeks' gestation who were selected on the basis of serial cranial ultrasonographic findings during their nursery course had repeated neurologic and developmental examinations during late infancy and early childhood that established the presence (n = 46) or absence (n = 205) of spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Of the 205 infants without cerebral palsy, 22 scored abnormally low on standardized developmental testing during early childhood. The need for mechanical ventilation beginning on the first day of life (n = 92) was significantly related to gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, patent ductus arteriosus, grade III/IV intracranial hemorrhage, large periventricular cysts, and the development of cerebral palsy. In the 192 mechanically ventilated infants, vaginal bleeding during the third trimester, low Apgar scores, and maximally low Pco2 values during the first 3 days of life were significantly related to large periventricular cysts (n = 41) and cerebral palsy (n = 43), but not to developmental delay in the absence of cerebral palsy (n = 18). The severity of intracranial hemorrhage in mechanically ventilated infants was significantly associated with gestational age and maximally low measurements of Pco2 and pH, but not with Apgar scores or maximally low measurements of Po2. Logistic regression analyses controlling for possible confounding variables disclosed that Pco2 values of less than 17 mm Hg during the first 3 days of life in mechanically ventilated infants were associated with a significantly increased risk of moderate to severe periventricular echodensity, large periventricular cysts, grade III/IV intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral palsy. Neurosonographic abnormalities were highly predictive of cerebral palsy independent of Pco2 measurements. However, neither hypocarbia nor neurosonographic abnormalities were associated with a significantly increased risk of developmental delay in the absence of cerebral palsy. In this preterm infant population, therefore, the risk factors for developmental delay differed from those predictive of spastic forms of cerebral palsy. Of the 57 ventilated preterm infants who were exposed to a maximally low Pco2 of less than 20 mm Hg at least once during the first 3 days of life, 21 developed large periventricular cysts or cerebral palsy or both. Those results suggest that prenatal and neonatal factors including the need for mechanical ventilation beginning on the first day of life and marked hypocarbia during the first 3 postnatal days are associated with an increased risk of damage to the periventricular white matter of some preterm infants. However, a causal relationship between hypocarbia and brain damage in preterm infants remains unproven.

Intrauterine growth and gestational age in preterm infants with cerebral palsy

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Topp ◽  
Jens Langhoff-Roos ◽  
Peter Uldall ◽  
Jens Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Early Neurological Assessment and Long-Term Neuromotor Outcomes in Late Preterm Infants: A Critical Review

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Domenico M. Romeo ◽  
Martina Ricci ◽  
Maria Picilli ◽  
Benedetta Foti ◽  
Giorgia Cordaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Motor Disorder ◽  
Neurological Assessment ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Reported Data

Background and Objectives: Late preterm (LP) infants (born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestational age) are considered at higher risk of neonatal morbidities, mortality, and neurological impairments than full-term born infants (FT). The aim of this study was to provide a critical review of the literature outlining the different aspects of neurological function reported both in the neonatal period and in the follow up of late preterm infants. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL electronic databases was made, using the following search terms: ‘Late preterm infants’, ‘Near term infants’, ‘neurological assessment’, ‘neurological outcome’, ‘neuromotor outcome’, cerebral palsy’, ‘CP’, ‘motor impairment’, including all the studies reporting clinical neurological assessment of LP (including both neonatal period and subsequent ages). Results: A total of 35 articles, comprising 301,495 children, were included as fulfilling the inclusion criteria: ten reported neonatal neurological findings, seven reported data about the first two years after birth, eighteen reported data about incidence of CP and motor disorder during the infancy. Results showed a more immature neurological profile, explored with structured neurological assessments, in LP infants compared with FT infants. The LP population also had a higher risk of developing cerebral palsy, motor delay, and coordination disorder. Conclusion: LP had a higher risk of neurological impairments than FT infants, due to a brain immaturity and an increased vulnerability to injury, as the last weeks of gestational age are crucial for the development of the brain.

Increasing Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy Among Very Preterm Infants: A Population-Based Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. e1621-e1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Vincer ◽  
A. C. Allen ◽  
K. S. Joseph ◽  
D. A. Stinson ◽  
H. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Very Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Preterm

Neonatal Neurosonographic Correlates of Cerebral Palsy in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Leonard J. Graziani ◽  
Matthew Pasto ◽  
Christian Stanley ◽  
Frank Pidcock ◽  
Hemant Desai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Grade Iii

Serial neurosonographic examinations are routinely performed at frequent intervals during the nursery course of all preterm infants of 33 weeks or less gestation who are admitted to the intensive care nursery of Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. After discharge, the following survivors during the past 5 years had repeated ultrasound examinations until the anterior fontanel closed and clinical assessments until the presence or absence of cerebral palsy at a minimum age of 12 months was established: (1) all infants with grade III/IV intracranial hemorrhage, periventricular echodensity and periventricular cyst formation, (2) selected infants with either normal ultrasound findings or grade I/II intracranial hemorrhage. Fifteen survivors were found to have cerebral palsy, and all had at least one of the following ultrasound abnormalities: (a) diffuse, bilateral, and multiple periventricular cysts 3 mm or more in diameter that persisted beyond term age, (b) bilateral asymmetrical dilation of the lateral ventricles following grade III intracranial hemorrhage with small periventricular cysts, and (c) ventricular porencephaly following an ipsilateral grade IV intracranial hemorrhage. The periventricular cysts were usually preceded by extensive echodensities of the white matter surrounding the lateral ventricles; these findings were suggestive of periventricular leukomalacia and were the most common abnormal findings on ultrasound in the infants with cerebral palsy. Of 124 infants without cerebral palsy, 121 had no or less severe abnormal findings on ultrasound; the exceptions were three infants with bilateral persistent large periventricular cysts who had normal motor development in late infancy.

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