scholarly journals Concurrence of Acrodermatitis Enteropathica and Eczema Herpeticum in a Child with Atopic Dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Budi Satria ◽  
WenChieh Chen ◽  
Hardyanto Soebono ◽  
Sunardi Radiono ◽  
Retno Danarti
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Infant Eczema

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AcE) is a rare, autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutation of the SLC39A4 gene coding for zinc transport protein (ZIP 4). The disease appears during childhood especially in breastfeeding or post-breastfeeding infant. Eczema herpeticum refers to a disseminated skin infection of herpes simplex virus that usually leads to vesicular eruptions commonly seen on a background of atopic dermatitis (AD). We describe an 11-year-old boy with periorificial erosions in periorbital, perinasal, perioral, perineal, and gluteal areas, accompanied with itchy vesicles, some covered with hemorrhagic crusts. A clinical diagnosis of AcE and eczema herpeticum with AD was supported by typical lesions and acute and chronic eczematous changes found mainly in the flexural aspects of extremities, which is diagnostic of AD. Laboratory findings showed anti HSV1 IgG (23.43) and high levels of IgE (478.9 IU/L). There was no multinucleated giant cell in the Tzanck test. Skin histology was compatible with AcE. Direct immunofluorescent examination showed no deposits of IgG, IgM, IgA, or complement. Complete resolution occurred within 2 weeks of acyclovir and oral zinc supplementation.

scholarly journals Eczema herpeticum: A clinical diagnosis not to be missed

2020 ◽  
pp. 201010582097867
Author(s):  
Gabriel Hong Zhe Wong ◽  
Derrick Chen Wee Aw
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Cutaneous Drug Reaction ◽  
Uncommon Complication

Eczema herpeticum is an uncommon complication of atopic dermatitis, but often has a typical recognisable appearance. This report serves to highlight this feature in a patient who was misdiagnosed initially with a bacterial skin infection and then with a severe cutaneous drug reaction.

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and Eczema Herpeticum (EH): Role of Cathelicidins in Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. S187
Author(s):  
D.Y.M. Leung ◽  
A. Wollenberg ◽  
R.L. Gallo ◽  
M. Flaig ◽  
N. Novak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Patients with atopic dermatitis and history of eczema herpeticum elicit herpes simplex virus–specific type 2 immune responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 1144-1147.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Traidl ◽  
Petra Kienlin ◽  
Gabriele Begemann ◽  
Lichen Jing ◽  
David M. Koelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Staphylococcal TSST-1 Association with Eczema Herpeticum in Humans

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Schlievert ◽  
Richard J. Roller ◽  
Samuel H. Kilgore ◽  
Miguel Villarreal ◽  
Aloysius J. Klingelhutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Simplex Virus

Atopic dermatitis (eczema, AD) with concurrent herpes simplex virus infection (eczema herpeticum, ADEH) is a severe form of AD. We show that ADEH patients are colonized with Staphylococcus aureus that primarily produces the superantigen toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1); however, significantly but to a lesser extent the superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C are also represented in ADEH.

IgE reactivity against herpes simplex virus 1 in patients with atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum

Allergy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Cabanillas ◽  
Heike Weighardt ◽  
Elena Izquierdo ◽  
Irmgard Förster ◽  
Natalija Novak
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum ◽  
Ige Reactivity ◽  
Simplex Virus

Atopic dermatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neill Peters ◽  
Anju T. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Topical Steroids ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatosis ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Helper Type

Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory dermatosis characterized by pruritus, xerosis, and a close association with IgE mediated sensitization to aeroallergens and foods. More than 60% of children with AD are at risk to develop allergic rhinitis or asthma (the atopic march). The distribution of lesions varies by age. Infants tend to have lesions on the cheeks and scalp, and very young children typically have involvement over the extremities, cheeks, forehead, and neck. A rash in the diaper area of infants is rarely AD. Lesions in older children and adults are usually located in flexural areas, such as the antecubital and popliteal fossae, along with the head and neck. Acute lesions of AD begin as erythematous papules and serous exudates. Secondary lesions include excoriations and crusted erosions due to scratching. Subacute lesions appear as erythematous scaling papules and plaques. If the itch and rash progress uncontrolled, then chronic lichenified AD develops, which features accentuated skin markings with hyperpigmentation. Trigger avoidance, skin hydration, and topical steroids are the first steps for improvement. In acute lesions of AD, the T-helper type 2 cells produce interleukin (IL) 4, IL-13, and IL-31, which may potentiate barrier dysfunction and contribute to pruritus. In chronic lesions, the T-helper type 1 cells predominate and secrete interferon γ and IL-12. Barrier dysfunction from filaggrin predisposes patients to AD. Skin superinfection, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, is common, and cultures of affected lesions help guide therapy. Eczema herpeticum from herpes simplex virus can be life threatening in patients with AD.

Molecular pathogenesis and clinical implications of eczema herpeticum

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Bussmann ◽  
Wen-Ming Peng ◽  
Thomas Bieber ◽  
Natalija Novak
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Allergen Challenge ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Pathogenesis ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Eczema Herpeticum

A subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis develops one or more episodes of a severe viral skin infection caused by herpes simplex virus superimposed on eczematous skin lesions. This condition is named atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum. Characteristic features of patients developing eczema herpeticum include an early age of onset of atopic dermatitis with a persistent and severe course into adulthood, predilection for eczematous skin lesions in the head and neck area, elevated total serum IgE levels and increased allergen sensitisation. Deficiencies at the level of both the innate and the adaptive immune system, which have been identified in atopic dermatitis, are much more pronounced in this subgroup. Predisposing cellular factors include a reduced number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the epidermis and a modified capacity of these cells to produce type I interferons after allergen challenge. In addition, lower levels of antimicrobial peptides in the skin of atopic dermatitis patients, resulting in part from a Th2-prone micromilieu, contribute to the lack of an effective defence against viral attack. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of eczema herpeticum.

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