Airway Obstruction during Sleep due to Diaphragm Pacing Precludes Decannulation in Young Children with CCHS

Respiration ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taher Valika ◽  
Anthony C. Chin ◽  
Dana M. Thompson ◽  
Rashmi Kabre ◽  
Jennifer M. Lavin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diaphragm Pacing

scholarly journals Airway obstruction is associated with reduced variability in specific parts of the tidal breathing flow–volume curve in young children

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 00028-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville-Pekka Seppä ◽  
Anton Hult ◽  
Javier Gracia-Tabuenca ◽  
Marita Paassilta ◽  
Jari Viik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Flow Volume Curve

scholarly journals Assessment of Airway Bronchodilation by Spirometry Compared to Airway Obstruction in Young Children with Asthma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Vilozni ◽  
Fahed Hakim ◽  
Galit Livnat ◽  
Miryam Ofek ◽  
Ronen Bar-Yoseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Mild Asthma ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Children With Asthma ◽  
Airway Reversibility

A reversibility test by an increase of greater than 12% in FEV1 can support a diagnosis of asthma and alter a patient’s treatment plan but may not be applicable to the young ages. We retrospectively gathered spirometric data from 85/271 asthmatic children having mild obstruction (FEV1 > 80% predicted), age 2.6–6.9 years. Spirometry was performed before and 20 min after inhalation of 200 mcg Albuterol. We defined a deviation below −1.64zscores from control as obstruction and an increased above 1.64 scores from control as a positive response to bronchodilators. Sensitivity of the index was considered significant if it captured >68% of the participants. The sensitivity of detecting airway obstruction in these children by FEV1 was 15.3% and 62.4% by FEF25–75. A positive response to Albuterol was an increase of 9.2% for FEV1 (12% for adults) and 18.5% for FEF25–75. The sensitivity for detecting a response to Albuterol in mild asthma was 64.7% by FEV1 and 91.8% by FEF25–75. Young children having normal spirometry can demonstrate airway reversibility. The response of spirometry parameters to bronchodilators may be more sensitive than obstruction detection and may help to support the diagnosis of asthma and adjust treatment plan.

Obstructing Laryngeal Granuloma after Brief Endotracheal Intubation in Neonates

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Kelly ◽  
Max M. April ◽  
David E. Tunkel
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Unusual Complication ◽  
True Vocal Cord ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Laryngeal Granuloma

Laryngeal granuloma formation is an unusual complication of endotracheal intubation, especially in young children. Two neonates were evaluated for stridor and life–threatening upper airway obstruction that developed 2 days after birth. Each infant had been endotracheally intubated for several minutes to facilitate meconium suctioning in the delivery suite. Obstructive true vocal cord granulomas were seen at microlaryngoscopy, and surgical excision provided relief of airway obstruction. The pathogenesis and treatment of postintubation laryngeal granulomas are discussed.

The Aerodigestive Clinic: Multidisciplinary Management of Pediatric Dysphagia

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Haibeck ◽  
David L. Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Pediatric Airway ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purposes of this article are (a) to explore the relationship between pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and (b) to highlight the benefits of using a multidisciplinary approach when assessing infants and children with upper respiratory and swallowing disorders. The functions of breathing and swallowing are tightly coordinated in infants and young children, and pediatric upper airway disorders can often adversely affect the swallowing mechanism and may even predispose the individual to aspiration. Some of the more common causes of pediatric airway obstruction seen in this setting are laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, laryngeal cleft, and Pierre Robin's sequence. In the setting of all of these disorders, associations may also exist with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux, and this topic is also reviewed. In the multidisciplinary assessment of young children with aerodigestive disorders, fiberoptic flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing has gained traction as a useful test for simultaneous evaluation of pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and has provided complimentary information to the more traditional pediatric videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation. A representative case study is provided that illustrates the relationship between pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and demonstrates the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach.

Revisiting Outpatient Tonsillectomy in Young Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam T. Ross ◽  
Ken Kazahaya ◽  
Lawrence W. C. Tom
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Postsurgical Complications ◽  
Same Day Discharge

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative same-day discharge is safe for most children undergoing tonsillectomy. However, young children with upper airway obstruction have a higher risk of postoperative complications. We review our tonsillectomy experience in children under 36 months to evaluate the safety of outpatient tonsillectomy in this population. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a retrospective study of all children under 36 months who underwent tonsillectomy during a recent 2-year period at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. RESULTS: The indication for tonsillectomy in 96% of 421 children was upper airway obstruction. Eighteen percent required postoperative treatment to prevent respiratory compromise; 56% of these patients had no associated medical comorbidity. Patients younger than 24 months and those with medical comorbidities were more likely to require intervention. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: It is not possible to preoperatively anticipate which children will have postsurgical complications. We recommend planning an overnight admission for children younger than 36 months undergoing tonsillectomy.

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