A Case-Control Study of the Association of the Polymorphisms of MTHFR and APOE with Risk Factors and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Long ◽  
Xiao-Tao Zhao ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Sun ◽  
Yin-Ting Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Sanger Sequencing ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chinese Han ◽  
Han Population ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: To explore the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MTHFR and APOE and the risk of CAD and, more importantly, the severity of CAD and the profile of serum lipids, we performed a case-control study in a Chinese Han population. Methods: A total of 1,207 cases of consecutive CAD-suspected inpatients were recruited, and 406 CAD cases and 231 non-CAD controls were enrolled for the final analysis after screening for exclusion criteria. All subjects had undergone coronary angiography, and the severity of CAD was evaluated by 2 cardiologists according to the Gensini scores. The genotypes of MTHFR and APOEwere detected using real-time PCR, and then verified by Sanger sequencing. Environmental risk factors, such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and BMI were collected. Statistical analyses (the χ2 test, binary logistic regression analysis, and ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis) were performed with SPSS v16.0. Results: The genotypes ofall the subjects included in the CAD and non-CAD groups in this study were successfully detected, with an agreement of 100% with Sanger sequencing. The distributions of genotypes CT and TT at MTHFR C667T were higher in CAD cases than in non-CAD controls (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.34–2.95; OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.18–2.67; p < 0.05), whereas genotype AC at MTHFR A1298Cwas lower in CAD cases (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.50–1.02; p < 0.05). A significant association was observed in genotypes CT and TT at MTHFR C667T and the risk of CAD (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–3.67; OR 1.56, 95% CI 0.88–2.78; p < 0.05). Both genotypes and alleles of APOE were comparable in the CAD cases and non-CAD controls (p > 0.05). The genotype TT at MTHFR C667T and ε4+ at APOE were more likely to be found in the CAD subgroup with a Gensini score ≥72 (p = 0.040 and p = 0.028, respectively). Meanwhile, in the patients with genotype TT,a higher level of serum Hcy was detected, while genotype ε4+ patients possessed higher levels of serum apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) than other genotypes. Conclusion: This study revealed that the SNP site of MTHFR C667Tis associatedwith the risk of CAD in this Chinese Han population. In addition, the genotypes of TT in MTHFR C667T and ε4+in APOE may increase the severity of CAD, and higher Hcy, LDL-C, and ApoE levels may be involved in this pathogenic process.

scholarly journals Determinants of impaired growth among hospitalized children: a case-control study

2004 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia de Carvalho Lima ◽  
Maria Eugênia Farias Almeida Motta ◽  
Eliane Cavalcanti Santos ◽  
Gisélia Alves Pontes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT: Protein energy malnutrition constitutes a public health problem, especially in less affluent countries. The identification of amenable predictive risk factors is of major importance for policy makers to plan interventions to reduce infant malnutrition. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for protein energy malnutrition among hospitalized low-income children aged 6 to 24 months. TYPE OF STUDY: Case-control study. SETTING: Two public hospitals in Recife, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: The cases were 124 infants with length-for-age below the 10th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics curve and the controls were 241 infants with length-for-age equal to or above the 10th percentile who were recruited in the same infirmary. METHODS: Cases and controls were compared in relation to a variety of sociodemographic, environmental and reproductive factors, and their healthcare, previous feeding practice and morbidity. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the net effect of risk factors on infant malnutrition, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: The mother's age, possession of a TV set, type of water supply, family size and location of the home were significantly associated with child malnutrition in the bivariate analysis. However, these associations lost their significance after adjusting for other explanatory variables in the hierarchical logistic regression analysis. This analysis showed that low birth weight contributed the largest risk for impaired growth. Increased risks of infant malnutrition were also significantly associated with households that had no toilet facilities or refrigerator, high parity for the mother, no breastfeeding of the infant, inadequate vaccination coverage and previous hospitalization for diarrhea and pneumonia. DISCUSSION: The literature shows that chronic malnutrition, as assessed by low length-for-age indexes, is often related to low income. However, this was not the case in this study, in which other variables had greater impact on child growth. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the multiple causes of malnutrition, the interrelationship among its determinants should be taken into account when adopting strategies for its reduction and prevention.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Low Birth Weight in Sidama Zone Government Hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temesgen Tilahun ◽  
Hailu Hailemariam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Many studies had been conducted on the epidemiology of low birth weight (LBW) in high-income countries, however in countries like Ethiopia such evidence is scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the risk factors for LBW in Sidama zone.Method: Hospital-based case-control study design with a total sample size of 480, 96 cases, and 384controls from March to June 2018. Newborns were selected from three hospitals in the zone using simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were made by following standard procedure. Risk factors for LBW were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The output is presented using an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Result: Multivariable logistic regression analysis shows that urban place of residence [AOR=2.55(95% CI=1.15-5.82], mothers who did not have iron supplement during pregnancy [AOR=12.5(95 CI=5.06-31.0)], premature birth [AOR=2.78 (95% CI= (1.27-6.06)] and history of pregnancy complication[AOR=7.60(2.03-28.45)] were found to be significant determinants of LBW. Conclusion: Since the prevalence of LBW was more prominent in rural areas than their urban counterparts, socio-economic empowerment of rural women and community-based nutrition promotions programs should be given special emphasis. Strengthening efforts on availing basic health services and promoting education on nutrition during pregnancy also have positive inputs. Iron supplementation and nutritional assessment of women during ANC follow-up and providing interventions accordingly should be strengthening in all health facilities.

scholarly journals Alzheimer’s Disease and its Risk Factors: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Dolatshahi ◽  
Sara Mahmoudi ◽  
Mansour Torabi nia ◽  
Vahid Kheirandish
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Objectives: The etiology of Alzheimer’s disease is supposed to involve environmental exposure and genetic vulnerability. The present study aimed to assess the association between Alzheimer’s disease and its risk factors. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 95 Alzheimer’s disease patients and 98 matched controls. All participants (case and control groups) were examined by mini-mental state examination. This information was collected by a risk factor questionnaire from January to June 2019. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis via SPSS-22 software. Results: The findings revealed the effect of risk factors' odds ratios on the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease by logistic regression analysis. Sex (female), chronic disease, loneliness or being single, and family history showed positive associations with AD, whereas daily physical exercise, religious beliefs, high level of social communication, and male sex had negative associations with AD development (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The study highlighted the difficulty of etiology and recommended that the effective interventions for social support of older people, psychological condition, chronic disease, and lifestyle may be promising preventive policies.

scholarly journals The combination of initial markers to predict refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Chinese children: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
Yufei Su ◽  
Hongli Sun ◽  
Huiping Zhang ◽  
Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Objective Thise study is aimed to identify the biomarkers for predicting refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Chinese children at the time of the hospital admission. Methods The case control study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and laboratory results of Chinese pediatric patients presenting with common and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (CMPP and RMPP). Overall, there were 216 cases in the CMPP group and 88 cases in the RMPP group. Venous blood was collected, and serum ferritin (SF), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil count/lymphocyte count (NLR), and other indexes were measured. A single factor analysis, an ROC curve analysis, and a logistic regression analysis were used to determine the independent risk factors of RMPP and find combination of initial markers for RMPP. Results There were significant differences between the RMPP group and the CMPP group in mean SF (529.82 [357.86] vs. 147.22 [122.68] ng/mL), LDH (522.08 [389.08] vs. 286.85 [101.02] U/L), D-dimer (6.65 [5.66] vs. 1.46 [2.45] μg/mL), CRP (62.80 [52.15] vs. 19.03 [24.50] mg/L), PCT (0.80 [2.61] vs. 0.16 [0.44]) ng/mL, and NLR (4.14 [2.52] vs. 2.62 [1.55]), with P < 0.05 for each comparison. ROC cut-off values of the above indexes were 329.01 ng/mL, 375.50 U/L, 2.10 μg/mL, 43.08 mg/L, 0.08 ng/mL, and 2.96, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that SF, D-dimer, and CRP are independent risk factors to predict RMPP. Conclusion SF, D-dimer, and CRP are statistically significant biomarkers to predict RMPP in Chinese children patients in the settings of pediatric emergency department.

Risk factors and outcomes of postoperative emergency response team activation: a matched case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Matthew I Hardman ◽  
◽  
S Chandralekha Kruthiventi ◽  
Michelle R Schmugge ◽  
Alexandre N Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To determine patient and perioperative characteristics associated with unexpected postoperative clinical deterioration as determined for the need of a postoperative emergency response team (ERT) activation. DESIGN: Retrospective case–control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients who underwent general anaesthesia discharged to regular wards between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 and required ERT activation within 48 postoperative hours. Controls were matched based on age, sex and procedure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline patient and perioperative characteristics were abstracted to develop a multiple logistic regression model to assess for potential associations for increased risk for postoperative ERT. RESULTS: Among 105 345 patients, 797 had ERT calls, with a rate of 7.6 (95% CI, 7.1–8.1) calls per 1000 anaesthetics (0.76%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the following risk factors for postoperative ERT: cardiovascular disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.18–2.18), neurological disease (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.11–2.22), preoperative gabapentin (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.17–2.20), longer surgical duration (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02–1.11, per 30 min), emergency procedure (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09–2.18), and intraoperative use of colloids (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17–1.92). Compared with control participants, ERT patients had a longer hospital stay, a higher rate of admissions to critical care (55.5%), increased postoperative complications, and a higher 30-day mortality rate (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.73–6.54). CONCLUSION: We identified several patient and procedural characteristics associated with increased likelihood of postoperative ERT activation. ERT intervention is a marker for increased rates of postoperative complications and death.

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