Overall Effects of Risk Factors Associated with Dental Caries Indices Using the Marginalized Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-546
Author(s):  
Enayatollah Bakhshi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Yazdanipour ◽  
Mehdi Rahgozar ◽  
Zahra Ghorbani ◽  
Marzieh Deghatipour
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
P Value ◽  
Background Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rate Ratios

The purpose of this paper is to identify risk factors for decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) in a population of 12–15-year-old schoolchildren and to apply the marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial (MZINB) model for determination and estimation of the overall effects of the risk factors. A cross-sectional survey comprising 764 students aged between 12 and 15 years was used to analyze the association between caries in children and some background characteristics in children and their parents. Information on the samples’ social, behavioral, and demographic status was obtained through a series of closed questions. The incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to associate some risk factors with caries. In the entire sample, the frequency of zero was 194 (25.4%). The result of the shared-parameter marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial (SP-MZINB) model showed that being a girl (IRR = 1.18; p value = 0.021), higher dental visits frequency (IRR = 1.20; p value <0.001), lower tooth brushing frequency (IRR = 0.91; p value = 0.019), higher flossing frequency (IRR = 1.11; p value = 0.001), and lower mothers’ education (IRR = 0.89; p value = 0.042) are associated with DMFT. Our results may provide better insights of the factors associated with DMFT, and health programs should focus their efforts on healthcare services, for both preventive and curative purposes. This regression model provides an appropriate fit and meaningful interpretation to handling zero-inflated count outcomes. Also, it provides direct estimates of the effects of risk factors on the overall mean that does not require postmodeling computations.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension Among Adults living in the City of Bandundu, Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Mukoso ◽  
Aliocha Nkodila ◽  
François Lepira ◽  
Pascal Bayauli ◽  
Yves Lubenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background and aim: In limited resource settings, reliable epidemiological data generated from hypertension high risk geographical areas or people is a prerequisite for the planning of proven and effective interventions. The aim of the present survey was to assess the prevalence, awareness, control and factors associated with hypertension in adults living in the port City of Bandundu, located in the southwestern part of DRC.Methods: a cross-sectional survey using a modified WHO STEPwise questionnaire for data collection during face-to face interviews was conducted from 1st May to 30th October 2018. A multistage cluster sampling method was used and inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and informed consent. Information on demographic parameters, behavioral lifestyles, anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements was obtained. Hypertension was defined as an average of two BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or self-reported history of antihypertensive medication use. Independent factors associated with hypertension were identified using logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 defined the level of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 34,5% (Women 36,6 %). Older age (p<0.001), subclinical atherosclerosis (p= 0.021), sleep duration <8 hours (p<0.002), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), and obesity (p= 0.009) emerged as main cardiovascular risk factors associated with hypertension.Conclusion: Hypertension was characterized by a high prevalence, low rate of awareness and suboptimal BP control, high cardiovascular risk and associated sleep duration and obesity as modifiable risk factors.

scholarly journals Exposure to Messages on Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in a Rural Province of Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bich Diep Pham ◽  
Bao Giang Kim ◽  
Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen ◽  
Van Minh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Background. Providing messages on risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) plays an important role in preventing disease. Objectives. This study investigated how often adults living in a rural area in northern Vietnam heard about risks factor for NCD and where they obtained that information. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a multistage stratified cluster sampling to recruit 2970 participants. Data analyses were adjusted for all variables in a two-level multilevel Poisson regression model. Results. Overall, 77% of respondents had heard about NCDs, while 38.3 to 50% had been exposed to messages on risk factors of NCDs in the last month. Television, radio, and friends/neighbors were the most common sources of information. Most people exposed information no more than one or two sources. Factors associated with exposure to messages about risk were occupation, age group, education, and economic status. Conclusion. Intervention programs should focus on providing information primarily through television, considering influencing factors as well ensuring that messages reach target audiences.

Falls Risks and Prevention Behaviors Among Community-Dwelling Homebound and Non-Homebound Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1085-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carri Casteel ◽  
Jennifer Jones ◽  
Paula Gildner ◽  
James M. Bowling ◽  
Susan J. Blalock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Falls Risk ◽  
Homebound Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

The objectives were to examine falls risk factors to determine how the magnitude of risk may differ between homebound and non-homebound older adults, and to describe falls prevention behaviors and participation in falls prevention education. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with convenience samples of community-dwelling older adults recruited through Meals on Wheels programs (homebound, n = 80) and senior centers (non-homebound, n = 84) in North Carolina. Data were collected during home visits and included an interview and medication inventory. Multivariate negative binomial regression with robust variance estimation modeled risk factors for falls. Risk factors for falls observed in both the homebound and non-homebound populations are consistent with what is known in the literature. However, the magnitude of the risk was higher in the homebound than in the non-homebound population with respect to vision impairments, number of high-risk and over-the-counter medications, and use of walking aids .Few participants reported participating in a falls prevention program.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kunjungan Antenatal Care Terhadap Perilaku Antenatal Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Puji Astuti Wiratmo ◽  
Lisnadiyanti ◽  
Nurkamilia Sopianah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Design

Introduction: Antenatal Care (ANC) is an effort to detect the occurrence of high risk in pregnant women. However, ANC non-compliance was still found due to several factors. Aim of study: This study aims to determine factors that influence ANC visits to ANC behavior at Puskesmas Pasar Rebo East Jakarta. Method: This study used a descriptive correlation design with a cross-sectional survey. Data analysis used Spearman's rho with 117 respondents. Results and Discussion: The results showed that there are some factors that influence ANC visits to ANC behavior, including age with a correlation value (r = 0.419), a p-value of 0.000; education with a correlation value (r = 0.425), p-value of 0.000; jobs with a correlation value (r = 0.279), p-value of 0.002; income with a correlation value (r = 0.407), p-value of 0.000; knowledge with a correlation value (r = 0.409), p-value of 0.000; husband / family support with a correlation value (r = 0.417), p-value of 0.000; attitude with a correlation value (r = 0.597), p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). Irregularity in carrying out ANC has a bad impact on pregnant women because they are not aware of the risk factors that may occur to the mother and her fetus and can not be detected early on the disease suffered by pregnant women. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is nurses as health workers need to increase their role as educators and health care provider to pregnant women and their families about the importance of ANC to reduce maternal mortality and monitor the state of the fetus.

scholarly journals Faktor Resiko Penyakit Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Maria Tuntun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Design Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range

<p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are venereal diseases that can be transmitted by 30 types of pathogens through sexual intercourse. The purpose of this study is to find out the risk factors for STI disease in dr. H Hospital. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province in 2012 - 2016. Type of descriptive analytic research with a cross-sectional design. Research place in RSUD dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province, in November-December 2017. The population in this study were patients with STIs recorded in the medical record book of 2012-2016 as many as 191 people and a sample of 186 people. The results of the study obtained 4 types of STIs caused by bacteria, namely gonorrhea, syphilis, condyloma, and bartolinitis. The age range of STI patients is 12-62 years, and the most in the 12-25 year age group is 93 people (50%). The most STI sufferers are men, 100 people (53.8%), with the highest education is high school, which is 121 people (65.1%), more STI patients who work are 102 people (54.8%), and STI sufferers who more from Bandar Lampung, 103 people (55.4%). Risk factors associated with the type of STI are gender (p-value=0.012) and work (p-value=0.012), while age (p-value=0.718), education (p-value=0.368), and residence address (p-value=0.088) there is no relationship with the type of STI.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Utero-Vaginal Prolapse in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelalem Mekuria ◽  
Abdu Mengesha ◽  
Girma Seyoum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Home Delivery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) is a major women’s health concern throughout the world. Globally, 2-20% of all women are affected by UVP. The mean prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in developing countries is 19.7%. The prevalence of UVP in Ethiopia is 18.55% among all gynecological operations. UVP is a source of severe morbidity and psychological upheaval to the patient, who is often socially withdrawn and stigmatized. UVP negatively affects socioeconomic and reproductive activity of affected women. It is, therefore, of interest to study its prevalence and factors associated with the condition.Methodology: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa city governmental hospitals and the medical record charts of women admitted in the respective gynecology wards were reviewed. The medical records included in this study were those from March 2017 to February 2019 G.C. and 400 records of admitted women were randomly selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with UVP. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Result: Out of the3,949 admitted women, the prevalence of UVP was 12.8%. The leading determinants of UVP were menopause (OR = 2.611 (at 95 % CI: 1.531, 3.838), age > 40 years (OR = 2.143 (at 95 % CI:1.496, 6.602), parity of > 4 (OR = 4.201 (at 95 % CI 1.652, 10.685), age at first delivery of < 20 years old (OR = 7.988(2.682, 23.792) and home delivery (OR = 1.380 (at 95 % CI:1.212, 2.572). Conclusion: The prevalence of UVP in this study was relatively high. The major risk factors of UVP were menopause, having > 4 deliveries, age > 40 years, age at first delivery < 20 years old and home delivery. Therefore, the findings of this investigation, especially identification of risk factors of UVP, could serve as a basis for taking steps for preventing or reducing the prevalence of UVP and related complications.

scholarly journals Analysis of risk-factors associated with diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Galkayo District Puntland State, Somalia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustaf A. Isack ◽  
Juma J. Nyamai ◽  
Atei Kerochi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence

Background: The study analysed risk factors associated with diarrhea prevalence among underfive children in Galkayo District Puntland State, Somalia.Methods: The study used analytical cross-sectional survey conducted in Galkayo, from February to March 2020. The inclusion criteria were caregivers with underfive children, and exclusion criteria were children over five years, caregivers who have no underfive children and children with chronic diarrhea. Sample of 385 was calculated using Yamane formula. Caregivers were randomly selected using simple random sampling after cluster sampling. The researcher administered structured questionnaires, collected data from eligible caregivers using interview guide and elicited on diarrhea perceptions. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS, qualitative data was identified common and sub-themes.Results: The study found diarrhea was affecting 30% of underfive children. The presence of two under-fives in the household was associated with high diarrhea prevalence [OR=1.93, 95% CI= (1.21, 3.08)]. Low educational level of underfive caregivers were associated with high diarrhea occurrence [OR=1.36, 95% CI= (0.68, 2.66)]. Households headed by non-biological mothers, diarrhea prevalence was high [OR=0.06, 95% CI= (0.00, 0.50) and OR=0.17, 95% CI= (0.03, 0.79)] respectively. Those children under the care of employed caregivers, diarrhea occurrence was high [OR=2.41 (0.99, 5.80)]. Poor personal hygiene (32%), sanitation (28%), and water quality (28%) were attributed to the cause of diarrhea among children.Conclusions: The study recommends, practice of child spacing, improve caregivers’ basic education to better understand risk factors and seek treatment, establish routine water quality surveillance at source and at household level, conduct awareness behaviour change by promotion of handwashing.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Hypertension Risk Factors among Adults in Oshikoto Region in Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Emilia Shiwa Ashipala ◽  
Linda Ndeshipandula Lukolo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Harmful Use

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension complications are responsible for 9.4 million deaths worldwide and among these deaths, 51 % are due to stroke and 45% are due to heart disease like heart failure. This study aims to investigate the hypertension risk factors among adult in Oshikoto region, Namibia. METHODS: A community population-based, cross- sectional survey was conducted using WHO STEPwise approach among 375 adults in Oshikoto region. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine the association between risk factors and Hypertension, based on p-value &lt;0.05. RESULTS: Overall prevalence for risk factors was: physical inactivity (25.3%), unhealthy diet (75.7%), tobacco use (9.1%), harmful use of alcohol (40.8%). 20.5% overweight with majority (85.7%) of them were females. Obesity was 9.1% in which 91.2% were females. Hypertension prevalence was 24.3%. Four percent of individuals were having two multiple risk factors for hypertension, 2.4% with four risk factors and 1.1% with more than four risk factors. Age group (OR=2.48, 95%CI=1.44-4.26, P=0.001), Obesity (OR=3.48, 95%CI=1.55-7.79, P=0.003), and overweight (OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.31-4.19, P =0.004) were significant risk factors for hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a high prevalence and burden of hypertension risk factors such as obesity and overweight among adults in Oshikoto region, thus, these results highlight the need for interventions to reduce and prevent those risk factors of hypertension in Oshikoto region, Namibia.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mortality with regard to healthcare services availability, health risks, and socio-spatial factors at department level in France: A spatial cross-sectional analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256857
Author(s):  
Anastase Tchicaya ◽  
Nathalie Lorentz ◽  
Kristell Leduc ◽  
Gaetan de Lanchy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Health Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spatial Factors

Background The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread to the rest of the world. This study aimed to analyse the associations between the COVID-19 mortality rate in hospitals, the availability of health services, and socio-spatial and health risk factors at department level. Methods and findings This spatial cross-sectional study used cumulative mortality data due to the COVID-19 pandemic in hospitals until 30 November 2020 as a main outcome, across 96 departments of mainland France. Data concerning health services, health risk factors, and socio-spatial factors were used as independent variables. Independently, we performed negative binomial, spatial and geographically weighted regression models. Our results revealed substantial geographic disparities. The spatial exploratory analysis showed a global positive spatial autocorrelation in each wave indicating a spatial dependence of the COVID-19 deaths across departments. In first wave about 75% of COVID-19 deaths were concentrated in departments of five regions compared to a total of 13 regions. The COVID-19 mortality rate was associated with the physicians density, and not the number of resuscitation beds. Socio-spatial factors were only associated with the COVID-19 mortality rate in first wave compared to wave 2. For example, the COVID-19 mortality rate increased by 35.69% for departments densely populated. Health risk factors were associated with the COVID-19 mortality rate depending on each wave. This study had inherent limitations to the ecological analysis as ecological bias risks and lack of individual data. Conclusions Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has spread more rapidly and takes more severe forms in environments where there is already a high level of vulnerability due to social and health factors. This study showed a different dissemination pattern of COVID-19 mortality between the two waves: a spatial non-stationarity followed by a spatial stationarity in the relationships between the COVID-19 mortality rate and its potential drivers.

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