scholarly journals Paternal Programming of Liver Function and Lipid Profile Induced by a Paternal Pre-Conceptional Unhealthy Diet: Potential Association with Altered Gut Microbiome Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Yunpeng Dong ◽  
Guoying Sun ◽  
Ahmed A. Hasan ◽  
Mei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Paternal Programming

scholarly journals Effect of Microgravity Environment on Gut Microbiome and Angiogenesis

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Rizwan Qaisar ◽  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Adel Elmoselhi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Mental Well Being

Microgravity environments are known to cause a plethora of stressors to astronauts. Recently, it has become apparent that gut microbiome composition of astronauts is altered following space travel, and this is of significance given the important role of the gut microbiome in human health. Other changes observed in astronauts comprise reduced muscle strength and bone fragility, visual impairment, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic changes, behavior changes due to fatigue or stress and effects on mental well-being. However, the effects of microgravity on angiogenesis, as well as the connection with the gut microbiome are incompletely understood. Here, the potential association of angiogenesis with visual impairment, skeletal muscle and gut microbiome is proposed and explored. Furthermore, metabolites that are effectors of angiogenesis are deliberated upon along with their connection with gut bacterial metabolites. Targeting and modulating the gut microbiome may potentially have a profound influence on astronaut health, given its impact on overall human health, which is thus warranted given the likelihood of increased human activity in the solar system, and the determination to travel to Mars in future missions.

scholarly journals Taxonomic signatures of cause-specific mortality risk in human gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaro Salosensaari ◽  
Ville Laitinen ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Guillaume Meric ◽  
Susan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

AbstractThe collection of fecal material and developments in sequencing technologies have enabled standardised and non-invasive gut microbiome profiling. Microbiome composition from several large cohorts have been cross-sectionally linked to various lifestyle factors and diseases. In spite of these advances, prospective associations between microbiome composition and health have remained uncharacterised due to the lack of sufficiently large and representative population cohorts with comprehensive follow-up data. Here, we analyse the long-term association between gut microbiome variation and mortality in a well-phenotyped and representative population cohort from Finland (n = 7211). We report robust taxonomic and functional microbiome signatures related to the Enterobacteriaceae family that are associated with mortality risk during a 15-year follow-up. Our results extend previous cross-sectional studies, and help to establish the basis for examining long-term associations between human gut microbiome composition, incident outcomes, and general health status.

Associations between gut microbiome, short chain fatty acids and blood pressure across ethnic groups: the HELIUS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Verhaar ◽  
D Collard ◽  
A Prodan ◽  
J.H.M Levels ◽  
A.H Zwinderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Helius Study ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Background Gut microbiome composition is shaped by a combination of host genetic make-up and dietary habits. In addition, large ethnic differences exist in microbiome composition. Several studies in humans and animals have shown that differences in gut microbiota and its metabolites, including short chain fatty acids (SCFA), are associated with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that gut microbiome composition and its metabolites may be differently associated with BP across ethnic groups. Purpose To investigate associations of gut microbiome composition and fecal SCFA levels with BP across different ethnic groups. Methods We assessed the association between gut microbiome composition and office BP among 4672 subjects (mean age 49.8±11.7 years, 52%F) of 6 different ethnic groups participating in the HELIUS study. Gut microbiome composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. Associations between microbiome composition and blood pressure were assessed using machine learning prediction models. The resulting best predictors were correlated with BP using Spearman's rank correlations. Fecal SCFA levels were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography in an age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched subgroup of 200 participants with either extreme low or high systolic BP. Differences in abundances of best predictors and fecal SCFA levels between high and low BP groups were assessed with Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Gut microbiome composition explained 4.4% of systolic BP variance. Best predictors for systolic BP included Roseburia spp. (ρ −0.15, p<0.001), Clostridium spp. (ρ −0.14, p<0.001), Romboutsia spp. (ρ −0.10, p<0.001), and Ruminococceae spp. (ρ −0.15, p<0.001) (Figure 1). Explained variance of the microbiome composition was highest in Dutch subjects (4.8%), but very low in African Surinamese, Ghanaian, and Turkish ethnic groups (ranging from 0–0.77%) Hence, we selected only participants with Dutch ethnicity for the matched subgroup. Participants with high BP had lower abundance of Roseburia hominis (p<0.01) and Roseburia spp. (p<0.05) compared to participants with low BP. However, fecal acetate (p<0.05) and propionate (p<0.01) levels were higher in participants with high BP. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, gut microbiome composition was moderately associated with BP. Associations were strongly divergent between ethnic groups, with strongest associations in Dutch participants. Intriguingly, while Dutch participants with high BP had lower abundances of several SCFA-producing microbes, they had higher fecal SCFA levels. Intervention studies with SCFAs could provide more insight in the effects of these metabolites on BP. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): The Academic Medical Center (AMC) of Amsterdam and the Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam) provided core financial support for HELIUS. The HELIUS study is also funded by research grants of the Dutch Heart Foundation (Hartstichting; grant no. 2010T084), the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw; grant no. 200500003), the European Integration Fund (EIF; grant no. 2013EIF013) and the European Union (Seventh Framework Programme, FP-7; grant no. 278901).

scholarly journals Long-term Diet Quality and Gut Microbiome Functionality: A Prospective, Shotgun Metagenomic Study among Urban Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danxia Yu ◽  
Yaohua Yang ◽  
Jirong Long ◽  
Wanghong Xu ◽  
Qiuyin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Unhealthy Diet

ABSTRACT Background Diet is known to affect human gut microbiome composition; yet, how diet affects gut microbiome functionality remains unclear. Objective We compared the diversity and abundance/presence of fecal microbiome metabolic pathways among individuals according to their long-term diet quality. Methods In 2 longitudinal cohorts, we assessed participants’ usual diets via repeated surveys during 1996–2011 and collected a stool sample in 2015–2018. Participants who maintained a healthy or unhealthy diet (i.e., stayed in the highest or lowest quintile of a healthy diet score throughout follow-up) were selected. Participants were excluded if they reported a history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension; had diarrhea or constipation in the last 7 d; or used antibiotics in the last 6 mo before stool collection. Functional profiling of shotgun metagenomics was performed using HUMAnN2. Associations of dietary variables and 420 microbial metabolic pathways were evaluated via multivariable-adjusted linear or logistic regression models. Results We included 144 adults (mean age = 64 y; 55% female); 66 had an unhealthy diet and 78 maintained a healthy diet. The healthy diet group had higher Shannon α-diversity indexes of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways (both P < 0.02), whereas β-diversity, as evaluated by Bray-Curtis distance, did not differ between groups (both P > 0.50). At P < 0.01 [false discovery rate (FDR) <0.15], the healthy diet group showed enriched pathways for vitamin and carrier biosynthesis (e.g., tetrahydrofolate, acetyl-CoA, and l-methionine) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and increased degradation (or reduced biosynthesis) of certain sugars [e.g., cytidine monophosphate (CMP)-legionaminate, deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP)-l-rhamnose, and sucrose], nucleotides, 4-aminobutanoate, methylglyoxal, sulfate, and aromatic compounds (e.g., catechol and toluene). Meanwhile, several food groups were associated with the CMP-legionaminate biosynthesis pathway at FDR <0.05. Conclusions In a small longitudinal study of generally healthy, older Chinese adults, we found long-term healthy eating was associated with increased α-diversity of microbial gene families and metabolic pathways and altered symbiotic functions relevant to human nutrition and health.

scholarly journals Infant gut microbiome composition is associated with non-social fear behavior in a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Carlson ◽  
Kai Xia ◽  
M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril ◽  
Samuel P. Rosin ◽  
Jason P. Fine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Social Fear ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Fear Behavior

AbstractExperimental manipulation of gut microbes in animal models alters fear behavior and relevant neurocircuitry. In humans, the first year of life is a key period for brain development, the emergence of fearfulness, and the establishment of the gut microbiome. Variation in the infant gut microbiome has previously been linked to cognitive development, but its relationship with fear behavior and neurocircuitry is unknown. In this pilot study of 34 infants, we find that 1-year gut microbiome composition (Weighted Unifrac; lower abundance of Bacteroides, increased abundance of Veillonella, Dialister, and Clostridiales) is significantly associated with increased fear behavior during a non-social fear paradigm. Infants with increased richness and reduced evenness of the 1-month microbiome also display increased non-social fear. This study indicates associations of the human infant gut microbiome with fear behavior and possible relationships with fear-related brain structures on the basis of a small cohort. As such, it represents an important step in understanding the role of the gut microbiome in the development of human fear behaviors, but requires further validation with a larger number of participants.

scholarly journals Fecal Metaproteomics Reveals Reduced Gut Inflammation and Changed Microbial Metabolism Following Lifestyle-Induced Weight Loss

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Ronald Biemann ◽  
Enrico Buß ◽  
Dirk Benndorf ◽  
Theresa Lehmann ◽  
Kay Schallert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Proteins

Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation promotes obesity-associated low-grade inflammation, which represents a hallmark of metabolic syndrome. To investigate if lifestyle-induced weight loss (WL) may modulate the gut microbiome composition and its interaction with the host on a functional level, we analyzed the fecal metaproteome of 33 individuals with metabolic syndrome in a longitudinal study before and after lifestyle-induced WL in a well-defined cohort. The 6-month WL intervention resulted in reduced BMI (−13.7%), improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR, −46.1%), and reduced levels of circulating hsCRP (−39.9%), indicating metabolic syndrome reversal. The metaprotein spectra revealed a decrease of human proteins associated with gut inflammation. Taxonomic analysis revealed only minor changes in the bacterial composition with an increase of the families Desulfovibrionaceae, Leptospiraceae, Syntrophomonadaceae, Thermotogaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae. Yet we detected an increased abundance of microbial metaprotein spectra that suggest an enhanced hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates. Hence, lifestyle-induced WL was associated with reduced gut inflammation and functional changes of human and microbial enzymes for carbohydrate hydrolysis while the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome remained almost stable. The metaproteomics workflow has proven to be a suitable method for monitoring inflammatory changes in the fecal metaproteome.

scholarly journals The phyllosphere microbiome of host trees contributes more than leaf phytochemicals to variation in the Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire gut microbiome structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mogouong ◽  
Philippe Constant ◽  
Pierre Legendre ◽  
Claude Guertin
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Agrilus Planipennis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Gut Microbial Community

AbstractThe microbiome composition of living organisms is closely linked to essential functions determining the fitness of the host for thriving and adapting to a particular ecosystem. Although multiple factors, including the developmental stage, the diet, and host-microbe coevolution have been reported to drive compositional changes in the microbiome structures, very few attempts have been made to disentangle their various contributions in a global approach. Here, we focus on the emerald ash borer (EAB), an herbivorous pest and a real threat to North American ash tree species, to explore the responses of the adult EAB gut microbiome to ash leaf properties, and to identify potential predictors of EAB microbial variations. The relative contributions of specific host plant properties, namely bacterial and fungal communities on leaves, phytochemical composition, and the geographical coordinates of the sampling sites, to the EAB gut microbial community was examined by canonical analyses. The composition of the phyllosphere microbiome appeared to be a strong predictor of the microbial community structure in EAB guts, explaining 53 and 48% of the variation in fungi and bacteria, respectively. This study suggests a potential covariation of the microorganisms associated with food sources and the insect gut microbiome.

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