Assessment of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 Polymorphisms in Allergic Patients with Chemical Sensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona D’Attis ◽  
Serafina Massari ◽  
Francesca Mazzei ◽  
Dominga Maio ◽  
Ilaria Vergallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Cyp2d6 Polymorphisms

PET in patients with clear-cut multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS)

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (06) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hausteiner ◽  
A. Drzezga ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
M. Schwaiger ◽  
H. Förstl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Multiple Chemical

SummaryAim: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a controversially discussed symptom complex. Patients afflicted by MCS react to very low and generally nontoxic concentrations of environmental chemicals. It has been suggested that MCS leads to neurotoxic damage or neuroimmunological alteration in the brain detectable by positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). These methods are often applied to MCS patients for diagnosis, although they never proved appropriate. Method: We scanned 12 MCS patients with PET, hypothesizing that it would reveal abnormal findings. Results: Mild glucose hypometabolism was present in one patient. In comparison with normal controls, the patient group showed no significant functional brain changes. Conclusion: This first systematic PET study in MCS patients revealed no hint of neurotoxic or neuroimmuno-logical brain changes of functional significance.

What is Multi-chemical Sensitivity?

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631-1635
Author(s):  
Yukio Yanagisawa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensitivity

Influence of cyp2d6 polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of antipsychotics

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
А.А. Курылев ◽  
Б.В. Андреев
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Clinical Routine ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Cyp2d6 Polymorphisms ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

Несмотря на доступность в клинической практике широкого круга классических и атипичных антипсихотиков (АП), по-прежнему наблюдается широкая вариабельность ответа на психофармакотерапию. Эта вариабельность обусловлена генетической гетерогенностью как самой шизофрении, так и метаболизма АП. Стандартные назначаемые дозы АП далеко не всегда являются оптимальными. Генетическая вариабельность систем биотрансформации и биодоступности АП могут играть значимую роль в формировании ответа на терапию и развитии нежелательных реакций. Целью исследования стало проведение обзора литературы по проблеме клинической эффективности применения генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 при терапии антипсихотиками. Большинство фармакокинетических исследований обнаруживают сильную достоверную положительную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6, определенного путем генотипирования полиморфизмов CYP2D6 и фармакокинетических параметров АП (AUC, период полувыведения, клиренс). Однако статистически достоверных связей между полиморфизмами CYP2D6 и эффективностью терапии АП в большинстве исследований обнаружено не было, прежде всего из-за недостаточного количества участников, гетерогенности сравниваемых когорт, применении различных АП и использовании разных критериев эффективности. Перспективные исследования с хорошо сбалансированными группами сравнения, а также масштабные ретроспективные исследования демонстрируют достоверную корреляцию метаболического статуса CYP2D6 и частоты развития нежелательных реакций АП (лекарственный паркинсонизм и поздняя дискинезия). Для более точной оценки величины вклада генетических полиморфизмов CYP2D6 в эффективность и безопасность психофармакотерапии необходимы масштабные перспективные клинические исследования. Although a number of typical and atypical antipsychotics (AP) have been discovered and used in psychiatric clinical practice the variability in response to AP is quite high. This variability is partially explained by a genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and metabolism of AP. The standard prescribed antipsychotic daily dose is not always optimal. Genetic variability of biotransformation and bioavailability of AP may significantly influence on therapeutic effect and tolerability. The aim of the study was to perform literature review of studies evaluating the correlation of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms and AP pharmacokinetics, effectiveness and safety. Most pharmacokinetics studies show high positive significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic activity, determined by CYP2D6 polymorphisms genotyping and AP pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, elimination half-life, clearance etc.). However the majority of studies were failed to demonstrate significant correlation between CYP2D6 polymorphisms and AP effectiveness mainly due to inadequate number of patient, heterogeneous cohorts, different AP and effectiveness criteria used. Prospective studies with balanced comparison groups and large retrospective studies showed significant correlation between CYP2D6 metabolic status and the frequency of AP induced AEs (parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia). To better assess the influence of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on AP effectiveness and safety in clinical routine large prospective well designed clinical studies are needed.

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jae Chae ◽  
Byoung-Gwon Kim ◽  
Hwan-Cheol Kim ◽  
Mi-Young Lee ◽  
Jong-Han Leem
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
Multiple Chemical

scholarly journals A Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Spectroscopic Chemical Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Tianyu Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Yunjie Shi ◽  
Shidi Liu ◽  
Yuming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Chemical Sensitivity ◽  
High Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Polarization Maintaining

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high relative sensitivity was designed and investigated for the detection of chemical analytes in the terahertz (THz) regime. To ease the complexity, an extremely simple cladding employing four struts is adopted, which forms a rectangular shaped core area for filling with analytes. Results of enormous simulations indicate that a minimum 87.8% relative chemical sensitivity with low confinement and effective material absorption losses can be obtained for any kind of analyte, e.g., HCN (1.26), water (1.33), ethanol (1.35), KCN (1.41), or cocaine (1.50), whose refractive index falls in the range of 1.2 to 1.5. Besides, the PCF can also achieve high birefringence (∼0.01), low and flat dispersion, a large effective modal area, and a large numerical aperture within the investigated frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. We believe that the proposed PCF can be applied to chemical sensing of liquid and THz systems requiring wide-band polarization-maintaining transmission and low attenuation.

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