scholarly journals Insulin Resistance Index and Proatherogenic Lipid Indices in the Offspring of People with Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyebola Oluwagbemiga Sonuga ◽  
Fayeofori Mpakaboari Abbiyesuku ◽  
Kayode Samson Adedapo ◽  
Ayobola Abimbola Sonuga
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

scholarly journals Relationship between insulin sensitivity and menstrual cycle is modified by BMI, fitness and physical activity in NHANES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin A MacGregor ◽  
Iain J Gallagher ◽  
Colin N Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999-2006 were analysed. Main outcome measures Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (p= 0.014) but not triglyceride (p= 0.369), insulin (p= 0.470), HOMA-IR (p=0.461) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1. BMI: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p< 0.001), insulin (p< 0.001), HOMA-IR (p< 0.001) and ADIPO-IR (p< 0.001); 2. Physical activity: glucose (p< 0.001), triglyceride (p= 0.006) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.038); 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness: triglyceride (p= 0.041), insulin (p= 0.002), HOMA-IR (p= 0.004) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (p=0.018). Conclusions Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Abstract P177: Effects of Gender, Race, and Glucose Tolerance on Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index Responses to Exercise Training

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanna M Ross ◽  
Cris A Slentz ◽  
Irina Shalaurova ◽  
Margery A Connelly ◽  
James D Otvos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Baseline Values

Introduction: Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR) is a novel spectroscopic multimarker linked to future diabetes risk. We recently assessed changes in LP-IR across the three STRRIDE trials, where on average, STRRIDE exercise interventions improved LP-IR. In the present study, we sought to determine if there were effects of gender, race, and glucose tolerance on LP-IR responses across the STRRIDE trials. Methods: A total of 461 adults with dyslipidemia (STRRIDE I and STRRIDE AT/RT) or prediabetes (STRRIDE-PD) were randomized to one of 7 exercise interventions, ranging from doses of 8-22 kcal/kg/week (KKW); intensities of 50-75% VO 2peak ; and durations of 6-9 months. Six groups included aerobic exercise, two groups included resistance training, and one group included dietary intervention (weight loss goal of 7%). Fasting blood samples were obtained at both baseline and 16-24 h after the final exercise bout. In STRRIDE-PD only (n=165), subjects completed oral glucose tolerance tests and were categorized into normal (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) groups at baseline. NMR spectroscopy was performed at LabCorp to determine LP-IR score (comprised of six lipoprotein subclass and size parameters). LP-IR score ranges from 0 (most insulin sensitive) to 100 (most insulin resistant). Irrespective of intervention group, we assessed change in LP-IR in three stratified analyses: by gender, race, and baseline glucose tolerance category. Paired t-tests determined whether the post- minus pre- intervention change scores within each group were significant (p<0.05). Analysis of covariance accounting for baseline values determined difference among groups. Results: At baseline, women had lower LP-IR scores compared to men (47.8 ± 22.3 vs 62.6 ± 21.5; p<0.0001). Both women and men significantly improved LP-IR following exercise training by -4.3 ± 15.0 and -8.0 ± 15.6 points, respectively. There were also significant baseline differences when stratified by race. Black subjects had lower baseline LP-IR scores compared to White subjects (43.2 ± 20.7 vs 56.3 ± 23.0; p<0.0001). After exercise training, Black subjects significantly improved their LP-IR score by -4.0 ± 14.6 points; White subjects significantly improved their LP-IR score by -6.2 ± 15.5 points. As expected, those with NGT had lower baseline LP-IR scores compared to those with IGT in STRRIDE-PD (49.0 ± 20.0 vs 64.4 ± 19.9; p<0.0001). Both NGT and IGT groups significantly improved LP-IR by -4.3 ± 14.6 and -7.6 ± 12.9 points, respectively. In all three stratified analyses, change in LP-IR was not significantly different among groups after controlling for baseline values. Conclusion: There were significant baseline differences in LP-IR among gender, racial, and glucose tolerance groups. However, after adjusting for these baseline differences, there were similar beneficial responses to exercise in this marker of insulin resistance.

Adipocytokines in Non-functional Adrenal Incidentalomas and Relation with Insulin Resistance Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-332
Author(s):  
Gamze Akkus ◽  
Mehtap Evran ◽  
Murat Sert ◽  
Tamer Tetiker
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Objective: Adrenal incidentalomas are diagnosed incidentally during radiological screenings and require endocrinological investigations for hormonal activity and malignancy. In certain studies, it has been reported that non-functional incidentalomas can be associated with high adipocytokines levels affecting the insulin resistance just like the adipose tissue with metabolic syndrome. Here, we studied serum adipocytokine levels including leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin 1 and adiponectin in subjects with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma. Methods: Seventy-seven (77) patients (Female 57; Male 20) with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI) were enrolled in the study. All patients’ past medical history, physical examination including Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference were performed. The patients’ demographic, radiologic, hormonal and biochemical parameters were recorded. To compare the parameters, a control group (CG) (n=30) was formed from healthy volunteers. Both groups were matched for age, gender, waist circumference and BMI. Serum adipocytokines including leptin, resistin, visfatin, omentin 1 and adiponectin were measured quantitatively by ELISA. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, sodium, potassium, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), lipid profiles, and dehidroepiandrostenedion sulphate (DHEAS) were measured. Results: Mean age of the patients was 52.2±10.4 years. BMI and waist circumference of NFAI patients were 26.2±3.28 kg/m2 and 90.2 ±7.5cm, respectively. The mean age of the control group was 48.0±8.16. BMI and waist circumference values for the control group were 25.3±3.5 kg/m2 and 88.3±9.6 cm, respectively. When both groups were compared for age, gender, BMI and waist circumference were non-significant (p>0.05). Serum fasting insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels of the NFAI group were significantly higher than CG (p<0.05). The insulin resistance index (HOMAIR) values of the NFAI subjects were found to be higher than CG (2.5±1.37, 1.1±0.3 p=0.00). Resistin level of NFAI group was also found to be higher than CG [286.6 ng/L vs. 197 ng/L; (P=0,00)], respectively. Leptin levels of NFAI were significantly higher than CG [441.1 ng/mL vs. 186.5 ng/mL; (P=0.00)] respectively. Adiponectin levels were significantly reduced in the NFAI group than in the CG [10.7 mg/L vs. 30.8 mg/L; (P=0.00)]. Comparision of visfatin and omentin levels was nonsignificant. Conclusion: In this study on subjects with non-functional adrenal incidentaloma, we found not only significantly decreased serum adiponectin levels but also increased leptin, resistin levels as well as dyslipidemia, hypertension and high insulin resistance index. All of which could affect insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. The underlying mechanisms of these findings are unknown, hence further studies are needed.

scholarly journals SUN-656 Hypoglycemic Effect of Oral Administered Superoxide Dismutase

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutao Liu ◽  
Hangqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Curative Effect ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Hypoglycemic Effect of Oral Administered Superoxide Dismutase on Type 2 Diabetes via reduction of glucogan and insulin resistance Background & Objective: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is carefully used in food industry for the concern of its easy degradation and difficult adsorption in digestive tract, although it plays central role in antioxidant system. It is previous reported that orally administered SOD was effective in alleviating hyperglycemia, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and chronic hepatitis. This work aimed to investigate in-depth the hypoglycaemic effect and possible mechanism of orally administered SOD in the model of type 2 diabetic rats. Methods:The model of type 2 diabetic rats were divided into 6 groups and orally administered with different Cu/Zn-SOD (abbreviated as SOD) samples and negative or positive controls. The 6 groups included SOD, SOD hydrolysate (pepsin-treated SOD), L-SOD (liposome-embedded SOD), model group and metformin positive groups, as well as normal group. Results of the body weight, serum indexes (including blood glucose, glycated albumin, insulin, glucagon, AMPK, MDA), SOD enzymatic activity in organs (liver, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, spleen, and pancreas) as well as intestinal density and HE staining were measured to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect and possible mechanism. Results: SOD showed substantial hypoglycemic effect and improved serum indicators. Moreover, L-SOD group exhibited better effect than SOD group, though the effect of SOD hydrolysate was not obvious. Colon density and HE staining showed obvious intestinal injury in the model group, and SOD was beneficial to repair intestinal structural integrity. Furthermore, the reparative effect of SOD was much better than that of the SOD hydrolysate, but not as good as that of the L-SOD. The SOD enzymatic activity of tissues was positively correlated with the curative effect of three kinds of SOD samples. The contents of serum MDA were negatively correlated with the curative effect. Compared with the model group, the insulin resistance index of SOD group, L-SOD group and positive group were significantly reduced; and glucagon significantly decreased by 68.38, 77.50 and 65.01%, respectively. Conclusion: Oral SOD showed obvious hypoglycemic effect on type 2 diabetic rats, and liposome could improve this effect. The mechanism may be that SOD effectively reduces intestinal injury, so as to reduce glucongen and insulin resistance index.

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