scholarly journals Cup-Shaped Tooth Wear Defects: More than Erosive Challenges?

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan L. Ruben ◽  
F. Joost M. Roeters ◽  
Gert-Jan Truin ◽  
Bas A.C. Loomans ◽  
Marie-Charlotte D.N.J.M. Huysmans
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Height Loss ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

Background/Aim: The underlying mechanism of the development of cups and grooves on occlusal tooth surfaces is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors contributing to in vitro cup formation, in order to elucidate the clinical process. Methods: A total of 48 extracted human molar teeth were exposed to acidic aqueous solutions at pH of 4.8 and 5.5 in constant motion, in combination with different loading conditions: no load (0N group, control), 30 N (30N group) or 50 N (50N group) (n = 8 per group). Before and after 3 months of exposure (1,422,000 loading cycles), the samples were scanned using a non-contact profilometer. Pre- and post-exposure scans were subtracted and height loss and volume tissue loss were calculated. Representative samples with wear and cupping lesions were imaged using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and micro-computed tomography. Results: Average height and volume tissue loss at pH 5.5 was 54 µm and 3.4 mm3 (0N), 52 µm and 3.4 mm3 (30N) and 58 µm and 3.7 mm3 (50N), respectively, with no statistically significant differences. Average height and volume loss at pH 4.8 were 135 µm and 8.7 mm3 (0N), 172 µm and 12.6 mm3 (30N) and 266 µm and 17.8 mm3 (50N), respectively, with a statistically significant difference between 0N and 50N (p < 0.002). Cup-shaped lesions had formed only at pH of 4.8, in the 30N and 50N groups. Conclusion: The study showed that a cup can arise fully in enamel and that mechanical loading in addition to erosive challenges are required.

scholarly journals Methods to assess the viability of cryopreserved Jatropha curcas L. seed germplasm

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. SALOMÃO ◽  
I.R.I. SANTOS ◽  
S.C.B.R. JOSÉ ◽  
J.P. DA SILVA ◽  
B.G. LAVIOLA
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Applications

ABSTRACT Jatropha curcas L. is a plant species with many potential applications, especially medicinal uses (hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, haemostatic, healing, anti-tumor). The objective of this study was to test germination in moist paper rolls for whole seeds and in vitro for excised embryonic axes, in an attempt to identify the best method to assess the quality of J. curcas seed germplasm, cryopreserved with different water contents. The experimental sample with a 6.2% moisture content (MC) was divided in subsamples which were hydrated and dehydrated for 0 (control), 4, 8, 11 and 24h. The initial germination percentages were 63% for whole seeds and 81% for excised embryonic axes. After exposure to liquid nitrogen (LN), germination percentages were 48% (whole seeds) and 57% (excised embryonic axes). There was no significant difference between germination percentages in embryonic excised from seeds subjected or not subjected to freezing, with different MC. In contrast, there was a reduction of the whole seed germination percentage when exposed to LN (contrast = 0.17, standard error = 0.04, t = 4.09, p = 0.001) and not for the hydration and dehydration treatments. The methodology based on in vitro cultures of the embryonic axis isolated from seeds stored in LN with distinct MC values was more efficient than the standard germination test to evaluate the viability of J. curcas seeds before and after LN storage.

In vitro efficacy of ganciclovir against feline herpesvirus type 1 and assessment of ocular tolerability in healthy cats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2094436
Author(s):  
Andrew C Lewin ◽  
Chin-Chi Liu ◽  
Christopher Alling ◽  
Pilar Camacho-Luna ◽  
Bruna Miessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Ocular Disease ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Complete Blood Counts ◽  
Ocular Tolerability

Objectives Feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) is a prevalent cause of ocular disease in cats and limited topical options for treatment currently exist. The first objective of this study was to confirm the efficacy of ganciclovir against FHV-1 in vitro. The second objective was to assess the safety and ocular tolerability of topically applied ganciclovir eye gel (GEG) in healthy cats. Methods FHV-1 was used to infect tissue culture wells covered in maximally confluent Crandall–Rees feline kidney cells prior to the addition of three molarities of ganciclovir (8.9 µM, 17.8 µM and 89 µM) before being incubated for 48 h. Ganciclovir efficacy in vitro was then assessed using standard plaque reduction assay. Commercially available GEG (0.15%) was applied q8h to one randomly chosen eye of four healthy cats for 7 days. Commercially available lubricating eye gel (LEG) was applied to the opposite eye q8h. Complete blood counts (CBC), blood chemistry panels (CHEM) and urinalysis (UA) were performed on all cats before and after the study period. Ocular lesions were assessed daily using a standardized scheme. Results Ganciclovir led to a significant reduction in FHV-1 plaque number, area and diameter at all tested molarities in vitro. The highest molarity assessed (89 µM) caused a 100% reduction in viral plaque number. There was no significant difference in lesion scores between eyes receiving GEG and LEG. Animals remained healthy throughout the study period with CBC, CHEM and UA showing no clinically significant alterations. Conclusions and relevance Based on the in vitro results, ganciclovir appears to be effective against FHV-1 in vitro. When applied q8h as a commercial 0.15% gel to a small group of cats with normal eyes, this medication was well tolerated. Taken together, these data suggest this medication warrants further investigation in cats with ocular disease caused by FHV-1.

T-614 inhibits human aortic adventitial fibroblast proliferation and promotes interleukin-8 production in vitro

Vascular ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Weiping Ci ◽  
Tian Wang ◽  
Taotao Li ◽  
Jin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Survival Fraction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Factor Α

Objectives The effect and underlying mechanism of T-614 (iguratimod) on Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) are unknown. Here, we report the effects of T-614 on cell proliferation and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in human aortic adventitial fibroblasts (HAAFs) in vitro and explore its initial benefit in terms of vascular wall inflammation and remodeling for patients with TA. Methods HAAFs were cultured with 0, 5, 50, 100, or 250 μg/ml T-614 in the absence or presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro. Cell viability was determined by a modified MTT assay. Supernatant IL-8 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results In the presence of TNF-α, compared to that in the control group, cell viability of HAAFs significantly decreased in the 50, 100, and 250 μg/ml T-614 treatment groups (OD value: P <  0.01, P <  0.001, P <  0.001, respectively; survival fraction (SF): P <  0.05, P <  0.001, P <  0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in cell viability between TNF-α-stimulated and unstimulated groups at the same concentration of T-614. In the absence or presence of TNF-α, T-614 suppressed HAAF cell viability dose-dependently (OD value: r = −0.915, P =  0.000; r = −0.926, P =  0.000, respectively; SF: r = −0.897, P =  0.000; r = −0.885, P =  0.000, respectively). Compared to that in the control group, in the absence of TNF-α, IL-8 levels in the 5 and 100 μg/ml T-614-treated groups were significantly higher ( P <  0.05); in the presence of TNF-α, IL-8 levels in the 5, 50, and 100 μg/ml T-614-treated groups were significantly higher ( P <  0.001, P <  0.001, P <  0.01, respectively). Further, there was a negative correlation between supernatant IL-8 levels and T-614 concentration in groups stimulated with TNF-α ( r = −0.670, P =  0.000), but there was no significant correlation between these parameters in groups that were not stimulated with TNF-α. Conclusions In the absence or presence of TNF-α, T-614 can inhibit HAAF proliferation and promote IL-8 production in vitro; therefore, it could be used to prevent adventitial thickening of the aorta and improve vascular remodeling in inflammatory environments in vitro and might provide a new immunotherapeutic intervention for TA.

Endothelium-dependent arterial wall tone elasticity modulated by blood viscosity

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. H389-H394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo I. Cabrera Fischer ◽  
Ricardo L. Armentano ◽  
Franco M. Pessana ◽  
Sebastián Graf ◽  
Luis Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Mock Circulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Instantaneous Pressure

The role of blood viscosity on arterial wall elasticity before and after deendothelization (DE) was studied. Seven ovine brachiocephalic arteries were studied in vitro under physiological pulsatile flow conditions achieved by a mock circulation loop. Instantaneous pressure and diameter signals were assessed in each arterial segment. Incremental elastic modulus ( E inc) was calculated using the slope of the pure elastic stress-strain relationship. There was no significant difference between E inc values before and after DE (3.11 vs. 3.16 107 dyn/cm2) at a blood viscosity of 2.00 mPa · s. Increases in blood viscosity (2.50, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00 mPa · s) always resulted in decreases of E inc before DE; inversely, increases in blood viscosity resulted in increases of E inc after DE. These values of E inc, for identical levels of blood viscosity, were always significantly lower ( P< 0.05) before DE than those obtained after DE. Arterial wall elasticity assessed through E inc was strongly influenced by blood viscosity, probably due to presence or absence of endothelium relaxing factors or to direct shear smooth muscle activation when endothelial cells are removed.

scholarly journals Therapeutic effectiveness of frozen platelet concentrates for transfusion

Blood ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lazarus ◽  
EA Kaniecki-Green ◽  
SE Warm ◽  
M Aikawa ◽  
RH Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Platelet Concentrate ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Six patients received platelet concentrate transfusions from their HLA- identical siblings. Platelet concentrates were administered either fresh, or after being frozen in 10% dimethylsulfoxide, at a slow controlled rate (1 degree C/min) or rapidly (approximately 8 degrees C/min) in the vapor-phase of a liquid nitrogen refrigerator. The median freeze-thaw loss was 13.5%. The mean 1-hr and 20-hr corrected increments in platelet count were calculated for fresh platelet concentrates transfused before and after transfusion with controlled- rate frozen and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates. There was no significant difference among the first and second transfusion of fresh platelet concentrates, nor was the difference observed between fresh and controlled-rate frozen platelet concentrates significant. The difference between fresh and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates, and between controlled-rate frozen and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates were highly significant (p < 0.01). In vitro tests of aggregation using ristocetin and platelet ultrastructural studies paralleled the transfusion experience. Our results indicate that HLA- identical platelet concentrates can be successfully frozen and thawed for transfusion if a slow, controlled rate of freezing is employed. The use of HLA-identical frozen platelet concentrates may be important in emergency situations for the refractory patient and potentially for the establishment of a platelet concentrate bank.

Effect of Single Dose In Vivo Propranolol Therapy on In Vitro Adhesion of Human SS RBC.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1234-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura M. De Castro ◽  
Jude C. Jonassaint ◽  
Jennifer G. Johnson ◽  
Milena Batchvarova ◽  
Marilyn J. Telen
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Sickle red blood cells (SS RBC) are abnormally adhesive to both endothelial cells (ECs) and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Epinephrine (epi) has been shown to elevate cAMP in SS RBC and increase adhesion of SS RBC to ECs in a protein kinase A-dependent manner. In vitro and in vivo studies performed in our lab have led to the hypothesis that adrenergic stimuli such as epi may initiate or exacerbate vaso-occlusion and thus contribute to the association of vaso-occlusive events with physiologic stress. We are conducting a prospective, dose-escalation pilot clinical study to investigate whether in vivo administration of one dose of propranolol either down-regulates baseline SS RBC adhesion in vitro or prevents its upregulation by epi. In addition, this study will provide additional safety data regarding the use of propranolol in normotensive patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Figure Figure To date, we have completed the first two dose cohorts. 11 subjects (9 SS and 1 Sβ° thalassemia; 7 females, 3 males) have participated. No severe adverse events were noted. Cohorts 1 and 2 had mean pre-propranolol blood pressure (BP) of 116 (5.9 SD)/ 60.4 (3.98 SD) and 106.8 (4.68 SD)/ 58 (3.9 SD), respectively; this difference was not statistically significant. Minimal and asymptomatic changes in BP were noted in both cohorts after drug administration, with biphasic systolic and diastolic BP nadirs at 45 and 240 minutes. No clinically significant changes in heart rate were observed. Adhesion studies were performed using a graduated height flow chamber on the day of RBC collection. RBC adhesion to ECs was studied before and after epi stimulation and was measured at sheer stresses ranging from 1 to 3 dyne/cm2. Baseline adhesion measurements were validated by comparing percent (%) adhesion assayed at 2 different times within 7 days—at screening and before propranolol dose on the study drug day. We observed no significant difference in adhesion at the 2 different time points without propranolol. Comparison of % adhesion of epi-stimulated RBC to ECs before and 1 hour after propranolol showed that propranolol given in vivo significantly inhibited both non-stimulated and epi-stimulated SS RBC adhesion (p=0.04 and p=0.001, respectively). Lastly, comparison of SS RBC adhesion at both drug doses confirmed the drug-related inhibition of adhesion (p&lt;0.004). We conclude that propranolol administered in vivo decreases SS RBC baseline adhesion to ECs and substantially abrogates epi-stimulated adhesion to ECs, as measured in vitro. Although we have thus far studied only a small number of patients and low propranolol doses, we expect to confirm these results with the 3rd cohort, in which a higher dose of propranolol will be used. If our findings continue to show that propranolol can decrease both SS RBC baseline and epi-stimulated adhesion to ECs, study of propranolol on a larger scale would be warranted in order to ascertain its safety and efficacy as an anti-adhesive therapy in SCD.

scholarly journals Influence of the calcium hydroxide paste vehicle on penetration into lateral canals

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Amanda Sousa Vidal ◽  
Daniele Aparecida Leão ◽  
Fernanda Mota Guimarães ◽  
Mariana Oliveira Gonçalves ◽  
Raissa Freitas Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Respective Group ◽  
Before And After

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to use Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the influence of the type of vehicle associated with calcium hydroxide on its ability to penetrate simulated lateral canals. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> 30 acrylic blocks with simulated lateral canals comprising apical, middle and cervical thirds were used in the <em>in vitro</em> study. The blocks were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the type of vehicle used (chlorhexidine, distilled water and propylene glycol) in the calcium hydroxide slurry, which was inserted in the respective group of simulated canals with a K# 30 file and then agitated with an ultrasonic tip. The blocks were scanned by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) before and after insertion of the medication. The images obtained were reconstructed and analyzed to obtain the initial volume of lateral canals and the volume of medication that penetrated into them. <strong>Results:</strong> In the intragroup analysis, both distilled water and chlorhexidine 2% were observed to present statistical difference in all thirds of the canal. Propylene glycol showed no intragroup difference. In the inter-group analysis, the propylene glycol paste presented higher values of penetration into the simulated lateral canals than the other groups (p &lt;0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Propylene glycol used as vehicle of the calcium hydroxide paste provided better penetration results in simulated lateral canals.</p>

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Influence of Three Different Obturation Techniques on Removal of Filling Material during Retreatment: An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Deebah Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conservative Dentistry ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: To evaluate the influence of various obturating techniques on retreatment teeth. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Jammu and Kashmir, India between December 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Sixty extracted mandibular premolars were randomly divided into three groups (n=20) based on the obturation technique adopted which endodontic treatment i.e., cold lateral compaction, thermoplasticized and GuttaFlow techniques. The samples were evaluated using micro-computed tomography for the volume before and after the retreatment to assess the remaining amount of filling material in the canals, and also the time taken for the removal of filling material during the retreatment. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Post hoc test at P < 0.05. Results: The percentage of remaining filling material was between 17%-27%. The highest percentage of remaining filling material was seen in samples obturated with GuttaFlow (P < 0.05). The time required for retreatment was highly significant in thermoplasticized technique (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The type of obturating technique influenced the amount of filling material remained in the canal after retreatment and also the time taken during this removal.

scholarly journals The difference of the salivary volume before and after drinking the rosella tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiara Indah Permata Sari Islami ◽  
Edeh Roletta Haroen ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
T Test ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Community Benefits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Roselle plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is one of the herbs that began to be used by the community. Benefits of this plant is quite a lot for health. The portion taken for consumption is the red flower petals. oselle tea is one of the sour beverages which can affect the salivary gland secretion. The purpose of this study is to analyzed the difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea. Methods: This study has been conducted to 40 students of Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, ranging from 18-23 years of age with good general condition. This study is quasi-experimental in vitro study using the paired test analysis with α = 0,05 of the data collected from salivary volume. Results: The result of study indicates that the average of salivary volume before drinking roselle tea is 1,90 milliliter. After drinking roselle tea, the average of salivary volume is 4,54 milliliter. The result of paired test analysis shows that t-test is 16,172 and t-table is 2,022. The value of t-test > t-table. Result of statistic shown there is significant difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea. Conclusion: There is a difference of salivary volume before and after drinking roselle tea.

scholarly journals Microtomographic Evaluation of Canal Centralization and Dentine Removal after Canal Preparation with Two Rotary Systems: HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Next

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Ronquete ◽  
Alexandre Sigrist de Martin ◽  
Karin Zuim ◽  
Thais Machado de Carvalho Coutinho ◽  
Eduardo Fagury Videira Marceliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Mandibular Molar ◽  
Apical Transportation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objective This study compared the ProTaper Next (PTN; Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States) and HyFlex EDM (HEDM; Coltene/Whaledent AG, Alstätten, Switzerland) systems using micro–computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods Twenty-one mesial roots classified as Vertucci's type IV from extracted mandibular first molars with curvatures between 20 and 40 degrees were selected. The teeth were scanned using a micro-CT before and after root canal preparation by both systems, applied to the same root, in alternating canals. The following parameters were analyzed: canal centering, apical transportation, root canal diameter/root diameter. Results No statistically significant differences between both systems were observed for any of the assessed morphological parameters (p > 0.05). All canals presented diameter enlargement of more than 40% in relation to root diameter in the cervical and middle segments. No statistically significant difference was noted between the HEDM and PTN groups. The wear percentage for the HEDM group in the cervical and middle thirds were 49.66 ± 8.65 and 46.48 ± 14.29, respectively, and 51.02 ± 11.81 and 45.48 ± 10.79 for the PTN group, respectively. Conclusion Both systems displayed similar mandibular molar mesial canals preparation, with no differences noted for any of the assessed parameters. Both groups showed increased canal diameter in the cervical and middle thirds by more than 40%.

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