Chenodeoxycholic Acid Releases Proinflammatory Cytokines from Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells Through the Farnesoid X Receptor

Digestion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoki Horikawa ◽  
Tadayuki Oshima ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Yoshitaka Kitayama ◽  
Hirotsugu Eda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Chenodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals miRNA-30e regulates abnormal differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells in diabetic mice by downregulating Dll4 expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti-Dong Shan ◽  
Hui Ouyang ◽  
Tao Yu ◽  
Jie-Yao Li ◽  
Can-Ze Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Mitochondrial gene expression in small intestinal epithelial cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 308 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
T P Mayall ◽  
I Bjarnason ◽  
U Y Khoo ◽  
T J Peters ◽  
A J S Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Mitochondrial Transcription Factor ◽  
Small Intestinal

Most mitochondrial genes are transcribed as a single large transcript from the heavy strand of mitochondrial DNA, and are subsequently processed into the proximal mitochondrial (mt) 12 S and 16 S rRNAs, and the more distal tRNAs and mRNAs. We have shown that in intestinal epithelial biopsies the steady-state levels of mt 12 S and 16 S rRNA are an order of magnitude greater than those of mt mRNAs. Fractionation of rat small intestinal epithelial cells on the basis of their maturity has shown that the greatest ratios of 12 S mt rRNA/cytochrome b mt mRNA or 12 S mt rRNA/cytochrome oxidase I mt mRNA are found in the surface mature enterocytes, with a progressive decrease towards the crypt immature enteroblasts. Cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I mt mRNA levels are relatively uniform along the crypt-villus axis, but fractionation experiments showed increased levels in the crypt base. The levels of human mitochondrial transcription factor A are also greater in immature crypt enteroblasts compared with mature villus enterocytes. These results show that the relative levels of mt rRNA and mRNA are distinctly regulated in intestinal epithelial cells according to the crypt-villus position and differentiation status of the cells, and that there are higher mt mRNA and mt TFA levels in the crypts, consistent with increased transcriptional activity during mitochondrial biogenesis in the immature enteroblasts.

scholarly journals Dual Recognition of Sialic Acid and αGal Epitopes by the VP8* Domains of the Bovine Rotavirus G6P[5] WC3 and of Its Mono-reassortant G4P[5] RotaTeq Vaccine Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Madel Alfajaro ◽  
Ji-Yun Kim ◽  
Laure Barbé ◽  
Eun-Hyo Cho ◽  
Jun-Gyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Blood Group Antigens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Small Intestinal

ABSTRACTGroup A rotaviruses, an important cause of severe diarrhea in children and young animals, initiate infection via interactions of the VP8* domain of the VP4 spike protein with cell surface sialic acids (SAs) or histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Although the bovine G6P[5] WC3 strain is an important animal pathogen and is also used in the bovine-human reassortant RotaTeq vaccine, the receptor(s) for the VP8* domain of WC3 and its reassortant strains have not yet been identified. In the present study, HBGA- and saliva-binding assays showed that both G6P[5] WC3 and mono-reassortant G4P[5] strains recognized the αGal HBGA. The infectivity of both P[5]-bearing strains was significantly reduced in αGal-free MA-104 cells by pretreatment with a broadly specific neuraminidase or by coincubation with the α2,6-linked SA-specificSambucus nigralectin, but not by the α2,3-linked specific sialidase or byMaackia amurensislectin. Free NeuAc and the αGal trisaccharide also prevented the infectivity of both strains. This indicated that both P[5]-bearing strains utilize α2,6-linked SA as a ligand on MA104 cells. However, the two strains replicated in differentiated bovine small intestinal enteroids and in their human counterparts that lack α2,6-linked SA or αGal HBGA, suggesting that additional or alternative receptors such as integrins, hsp70, and tight-junction proteins bound directly to the VP5* domain can be used by the P[5]-bearing strains to initiate the infection of human cells. In addition, these data also suggested that P[5]-bearing strains have potential for cross-species transmission.IMPORTANCEGroup A rotaviruses initiate infection through the binding of the VP8* domain of the VP4 protein to sialic acids (SAs) or histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Although the bovine G6P[5] WC3 strain is an important animal pathogen and is used as the backbone in the bovine-human reassortant RotaTeq vaccine, the receptor(s) for their P[5] VP8* domain has remained elusive. Using a variety of approaches, we demonstrated that the WC3 and bovine-human mono-reassortant G4P[5] vaccine strains recognize both α2,6-linked SA and αGal HBGA as ligands. Neither ligand is expressed on human small intestinal epithelial cells, explaining the absence of natural human infection by P[5]-bearing strains. However, we observed that the P[5]-bearing WC3 and G4P[5] RotaTeq vaccine strains could still infect human intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, the four P[5] RotaTeq vaccine strains potentially binding to additional alternative receptors may be efficient and effective in providing protection against severe rotavirus disease in human.

scholarly journals Alcohol stimulates the proliferation of mouse small intestinal epithelial cells via Wnt signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 639-645
Author(s):  
Jung-ha Park ◽  
In kyo Jung ◽  
Yongjun Lee ◽  
Soojung Jin ◽  
Hee Jung Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Small Intestinal

Proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ alter laminin expression under an apoptosis-independent mechanism in human intestinal epithelial cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. G592-G598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Francoeur ◽  
Fabrice Escaffit ◽  
Pierre H. Vachon ◽  
Jean-François Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Laminin 5 ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Independent Mechanism ◽  
Ifn Γ

Laminins are basement membrane molecules that mediate cell functions such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In the normal small intestine, laminin-5 and -10 are mainly expressed at the base of villus cells. However, in Crohn's disease (CD), a major redistribution of these laminins to the crypt region of the inflamed ileal mucosa has been observed, suggesting a possible relationship between laminin expression and cytokine and/or growth factor production, which is also altered in CD. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that proinflammatory cytokines can modulate laminin expression by intestinal epithelial cells. The effect of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was analyzed on the expression of laminins in the normal human intestinal epithelial crypt (HIEC) cell line. When treated with a single cytokine, HIEC cells secreted small amounts of laminin-5 and -10. Only TNF-α and TGF-β induced a slight increase in the secretion of these laminins. However, in combination, TNF-α and IFN-γ synergistically stimulated the secretion of both laminin-5 and -10 in HIEC cells. Transcript analyses suggested that the upregulation of the two laminins might depend on distinct mechanisms. Interestingly, the TNF-α and IFN-γ combination was also found to significantly promote apoptosis. However, the effect of cytokines on the secretion of laminins was maintained even after completely blocking apoptosis by inhibiting caspase activities. These results demonstrate that laminin production is specifically modulated by the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in intestinal epithelial cells under an apoptosis-independent mechanism.

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