Idiopathic Papular Dermatitis in the Spectrum of Chronic Papular Eruptions (Subacute Prurigo): Reappraisal and Diagnostic Algorithm

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Ayelet Ollech ◽  
Emmilia Hodak ◽  
Michael David ◽  
Akiva Trattner ◽  
Elena Didkovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Papular Eruption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Papular Dermatitis

Background: The clinical diagnosis of papular eruptions is common but poorly characterized in the literature and the etiology is often unknown. Objective: To characterize the entity of idiopathic papular dermatitis in the spectrum of chronic papular eruptions. Methods: The cohort consisted of patients who presented at a tertiary medical center in 2005–2014 with a papular eruption of at least 4 months’ duration. Findings on histological analysis and thorough clinical investigation, performed in all cases, were collected. The patients completed a questionnaire on disease course and outcome. Results: Sixty-five patients were included. Sixteen patients showed morphological changes over time and were excluded. Investigations in the remaining 49 patients with a consistent papular morphology yielded a well-defined diagnosis in 23 (46%). Twenty-six patients (54%; 14 male) were diagnosed with idiopathic papular dermatitis. Their mean age at onset was 61.6 ± 14.4 years and the mean duration of disease 3.11 ± 2.726 years. In 60%, the rash resolved with conservative treatment during follow-up (mean 4.35 ± 2.53 years). Conclusions: Chronic papular eruptions encompass a wide range of skin diseases. In more than half of the cases, the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. On the basis of our results, we propose a diagnostic algorithm for idiopathic papular dermatitis.

Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Robinson ◽  
Keith Hunter ◽  
Michael Pemberton ◽  
Philip Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Oral Pathology ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Key Aspects

A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.

scholarly journals Skin diseases in hospitalized geriatrics: a 9-year analysis from a University Dermatology Center in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ansorge ◽  
Johannes M. Miocic ◽  
Franziska Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Hospitalized Geriatric Patients

AbstractThe demographic trend of an ageing society is mirrored in the rising number of hospitalized geriatric patients in Germany. However, there is still a wide gap of knowledge regarding the dermatological diseases, comorbidities and performed procedures within this growingly important group of patients. The study was conducted as a retrospective monocentric data analysis of all patients 65 years or older from the Department of Dermatology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Germany. In total, 10,009 individual hospitalisations were included from 2009 to 2017, and there was a notable increase of geriatric patients in the study period. This study illustrates the following: leading major diagnoses included malignant neoplasm of the head and neck, ulcerated and non-ulcerated inflammatory spectrum of chronic venous insufficiency, whereas angina pectoris, type 2 diabetes and cardiac diseases were noted most frequently as secondary diagnoses. Patients with venous diseases had considerably more often cardiopulmonary minor diagnoses, whereas endocrine diagnoses peaked in the cohort of patients with psoriasis and psychiatric and muscululoskeletal disorders in patients with bullous dieseases. Moh’s surgery, dressings and multimodal dermatological treatments were the most often encoded procedures.

scholarly journals Individual Expression of Hepatitis A Virus 3C Protease Induces Ferroptosis in Human Cells In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7906
Author(s):  
Alexey A. Komissarov ◽  
Maria A. Karaseva ◽  
Marina P. Roschina ◽  
Andrey V. Shubin ◽  
Nataliya A. Lunina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
3C Protease ◽  
Wide Range

Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental process common to nearly all living beings and essential for the development and tissue homeostasis in animals and humans. A wide range of molecules can induce RCD, including a number of viral proteolytic enzymes. To date, numerous data indicate that picornaviral 3C proteases can induce RCD. In most reported cases, these proteases induce classical caspase-dependent apoptosis. In contrast, the human hepatitis A virus 3C protease (3Cpro) has recently been shown to cause caspase-independent cell death accompanied by previously undescribed features. Here, we expressed 3Cpro in HEK293, HeLa, and A549 human cell lines to characterize 3Cpro-induced cell death morphologically and biochemically using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. We found that dead cells demonstrated necrosis-like morphological changes including permeabilization of the plasma membrane, loss of mitochondrial potential, as well as mitochondria and nuclei swelling. Additionally, we showed that 3Cpro-induced cell death was efficiently blocked by ferroptosis inhibitors and was accompanied by intense lipid peroxidation. Taken together, these results indicate that 3Cpro induces ferroptosis upon its individual expression in human cells. This is the first demonstration that a proteolytic enzyme can induce ferroptosis, the recently discovered and actively studied type of RCD.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Morphological Changes and Deformability of Suspended Red Blood Cells Prepared Using Whole Blood with Different Hemoglobin Levels of Tibetans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rui Zhong ◽  
Dingding Han ◽  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Wanjing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cell Membrane Protein

Background: The hypoxic environment stimulates the human body to increase the levels of hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit and the number of red blood cells. Such enhancements have individual differences, leading to a wide range of HGB in Tibetans’ whole blood (WB). Study Design: WB of male Tibetans was divided into 3 groups according to different HGB (i.e., A: >120 but ≤185 g/L, B: >185 but ≤210 g/L, and C: >210 g/L). Suspended red blood cells (SRBC) processed by collected WB and stored in standard conditions were examined aseptically on days 1, 14, 21, and 35 after storage. The routine biochemical indexes, deformability, cell morphology, and membrane proteins were tested. Results: Mean corpuscular volume, adenosine triphosphate, pH, and deformability were not different in group A vs. those in storage (p > 0.05). The increased rate of irreversible morphology of red blood cells was different among the 3 groups, but there was no difference in the percentage of red blood cells with an irreversible morphology after 35 days of storage. Group C performed better in terms of osmotic fragility and showed a lower rigid index than group A. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE revealed similar cross-linking degrees of cell membrane protein but the band 3 protein of group C seemed to experience weaker clustering than that of group A as detected by Western Blot analysis after 35 days of storage. Conclusions: There was no difference in deformability or morphological changes in the 3 groups over the 35 days of storage. High HGB levels of plateau SRBC did not accelerate the RBC change from a biconcave disc into a spherical shape and it did not cause a reduction in deformability during 35 days of preservation in bank conditions.

Understanding Micro-Droplet Interface Bilayers for Developing Bioinspired Sensors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guru Venkatesan ◽  
Andy Sarles
Keyword(s):  
Water Droplet ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Material System ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
New Class ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
The Stability

Droplet-based biomolecular arrays form the basis for a new class of bioinspired material system, whereby decreasing the sizes of the droplets and increasing the number of droplets can lead to higher functional density for the array. In this paper, we report on a non-microfluidic approach to form and connect nanoliter-to-femtoliter, lipid-coated aqueous droplets in oil to form micro-droplet interface bilayers (μDIBs). Two different modes of operation are reported for dispensing a wide range of droplet sizes (2–200μm radius). Due to the high surface-area-to-volume ratios of microdroplets at these length scales, droplet shrinking is prominent, which affects the stability and lifetime of the bilayer. To better quantify these effects, we measure the shrinkage rates for 8 different water droplet/oil compositions and study the effect of lipid placement and lipid type on morphological changes to μDIBs.

Lymphopaenia as a predictor of sarcoidosis in patients with a first episode of uveitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1296-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahriye Groen-Hakan ◽  
Laura Eurelings ◽  
Aniki Rothova ◽  
Jan van Laar
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Erasmus Medical ◽  
Uveitis Attack

Background/aimsThe diagnostic properties of conventional diagnostic tests (ACE and chest radiography) for sarcoidosis-associated uveitis are not ideal. The diagnostic value of lymphopaenia for sarcoidosis-associated uveitis is investigated.MethodsA retrospective study of 191 consecutive patients with a first uveitis episode visiting the ophthalmology department (Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed and compared with known ROC values from literature of conventional diagnostic tests for sarcoidosis-associated uveitis. An ideal cut-off was determined for lymphopaenia by calculation of the highest Youden index.ResultsOut of all patients with first uveitis attack, 32/191 or 17% were subsequently diagnosed with biopsy-proven or radiological diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Lymphopaenia (<1.5×109/L) was significantly more often observed in patients with sarcoidosis-associated uveitis compared with patients with non-sarcoidosis-associated uveitis (p<0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of lymphopaenia was 75 % and 77 %, respectively. The optimal cut-off for lymphopaenia for diagnosing sarcoidosis-associated uveitis was 1.47 ×109/L. Lymphopaenia resulted in a 12.0 (95% CI 4.7 to 30.5 fold risk for having sarcoidosis, corrected for sex, race and age at onset of uveitis in patients with a first uveitis attack.ConclusionLymphopaenia is a non-invasive and useful marker for diagnosing sarcoidosis-associated uveitis.

scholarly journals Mito Hacker: a set of tools to enable high-throughput analysis of mitochondrial network morphology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rohani ◽  
Jennifer A. Kashatus ◽  
Dane T. Sessions ◽  
Salma Sharmin ◽  
David F. Kashatus
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Single Cell Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Network ◽  
Cell Level ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that can exhibit a wide range of morphologies. Mitochondrial morphology can differ significantly across cell types, reflecting different physiological needs, but can also change rapidly in response to stress or the activation of signaling pathways. Understanding both the cause and consequences of these morphological changes is critical to fully understanding how mitochondrial function contributes to both normal and pathological physiology. However, while robust and quantitative analysis of mitochondrial morphology has become increasingly accessible, there is a need for new tools to generate and analyze large data sets of mitochondrial images in high throughput. The generation of such datasets is critical to fully benefit from rapidly evolving methods in data science, such as neural networks, that have shown tremendous value in extracting novel biological insights and generating new hypotheses. Here we describe a set of three computational tools, Cell Catcher, Mito Catcher and MiA, that we have developed to extract extensive mitochondrial network data on a single-cell level from multi-cell fluorescence images. Cell Catcher automatically separates and isolates individual cells from multi-cell images; Mito Catcher uses the statistical distribution of pixel intensities across the mitochondrial network to detect and remove background noise from the cell and segment the mitochondrial network; MiA uses the binarized mitochondrial network to perform more than 100 mitochondria-level and cell-level morphometric measurements. To validate the utility of this set of tools, we generated a database of morphological features for 630 individual cells that encode 0, 1 or 2 alleles of the mitochondrial fission GTPase Drp1 and demonstrate that these mitochondrial data could be used to predict Drp1 genotype with 87% accuracy. Together, this suite of tools enables the high-throughput and automated collection of detailed and quantitative mitochondrial structural information at a single-cell level. Furthermore, the data generated with these tools, when combined with advanced data science approaches, can be used to generate novel biological insights.

scholarly journals Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e039978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalkumar B Mehta ◽  
Stephan Ehrhardt ◽  
Thomas J Moore ◽  
Jodi B Segal ◽  
G Caleb Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sectional Analysis

ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted many initiatives to identify safe and efficacious treatments, yet little is known regarding where early efforts have focused. We aimed to characterise registered clinical trials assessing drugs or plasma treatments for COVID-19.Design, setting and participantsCross-sectional analysis of clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 that were registered in the USA or in countries contributing to the WHO’s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Relevant trial entries of drugs or plasma were downloaded on 26 March 2020, deduplicated, verified with reviews of major medical journals and WHO websites and independently analysed by two reviewers.Main outcome(s)Trial intervention, sponsorship, critical design elements and specified outcomesResultsOverall, 201 clinical trials were registered for testing the therapeutic benefits of 92 drugs or plasma, including 64 in monotherapy and 28 different combinations. Only eight (8.7%) products or combinations involved new molecular entities. The other test therapies had a wide range of prior medical uses, including as antivirals, antimalarials, immunosuppressants and oncology treatments. In 152 trials (75.7%), patients were randomised to treatment or comparator, including 55 trials with some form of blinding and 97 open-label studies. The 49 (24.4%) of trials without a randomised design included 29 single armed studies and 20 trials with some comparison group. Most trial designs featured multiple endpoints. Clinical endpoints were identified in 134 (66.7%) of trials and included COVID-19 symptoms, death, recovery, required intensive care and hospital discharge. Clinical scales were being used in 33 (16.4%) trials, most often measures of oxygenation and critical illness. Surrogate endpoints or biomarkers were studied in 88 (42.3%) of trials, primarily assays of viral load. Although the trials were initiated in more than 17 countries or regions, 100 (49.8%) were registered in China and 78 (37.8%) in the USA. Registered trials increased rapidly, with the number of registered trials doubling from 1 March to 26 March 2020.ConclusionsWhile accelerating morbidity and mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic has been paralleled by early and rapid clinical investigation, many trials lack features to optimise their scientific value. Global coordination and increased funding of high-quality research may help to maximise scientific progress in rapidly discovering safe and effective treatments.

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