scholarly journals Accuracy and Pitfalls in the Assessment of Early Gastrointestinal Lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 364-373
Author(s):  
Tomica Milosavljevic ◽  
Dusan Popovic ◽  
Simon Zec ◽  
Miodrag Krstic ◽  
Dragana Mijac
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Depth Of Invasion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Paris Classification ◽  
Virtual Chromoendoscopy ◽  
Submucosal Infiltration

Superficial neoplastic lesions of the digestive tract are usually asymptomatic, and often represent incidental findings on endoscopy. The Paris Classification was developed for the systematic evaluation of superficial lesions of the oesophagus, stomach and colon. The significance of this classification in clinical practice is that it allows the depth of invasion to be estimated. Chromoendoscopy is used to improve the visualization of gastrointestinal lesions. There are 2 types of chromoendoscopy: dye and virtual chromoendoscopy. In addition to chromoendoscopy, advanced endoscopy techniques have great importance in the detection of early gastrointestinal lesions. Although the depth of invasion can be estimated by endoscopy, the final decision regarding therapeutic approach is made on the basis of histopathological examination, as obtained by biopsy or endoscopic resection (ER). Polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection may be considered ER. For early gastrointestinal lesions with or without limited submucosal infiltration, ER can serve as therapy. In patients with neoplastic lesions localized deeper than the submucosa, or if the location of the lesion carries a high risk of perforation, a full-thickness resection can be performed. Guidelines for assessment and therapy of early oesophageal, gastric and colorectal lesions are currently available.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal lesions by endoscopy and its correlation with histopathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Santhi Kiran D. ◽  
Nagarjuna Kumar Y. R.
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gastric Cavity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background: A wide spectrum of lesions can be encountered in the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) especially the stomach or the gastric cavity. Endoscopy forms a crucial diagnostic procedure; it gives good diagnostic results in non-neoplastic lesions, endoscopy with biopsy is usually done in neoplastic lesions where the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions cannot be made always. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cum prospective study and the duration of this study was 4 yearsfrom January 2015 to December 2019 and the total number of endoscopic procedures performed was 3978. All patients with symptoms pertaining to the upper GIT where Upper Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopy (UGI Endoscopy) is useful in diagnosis were included in this study. All age groups and both the sexes were included. Biopsy was taken wherever there was an indication. Results: In this study, a total of 3978 endoscopies were done, out of which 2689 patients were males (67.6%) and 1289 were females (32.4%), youngest patient age in this study was 13 years and the oldest was 79 years. Most of the lesions were located in the gastric cavity (48% - 1909 cases), followed by esophagus (34%-1353 cases) and least among the three in the duodenum (18%- 716 cases). Out of the 3978 lesions, 134 cases were diagnosed as carcinoma on endoscopy and they were confirmed by histopathological examination. Conclusion: Endoscopy plays a very important role in the diagnosis of upper GIT lesions and it is incomplete without histopathological examination of biopsied tissue in cases of neoplastic lesions

scholarly journals Polypoidal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1625-1629
Author(s):  
Palzum Sherpa ◽  
Abhimanyu Jha ◽  
Sudhamshu Koirala ◽  
Rojan Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Hyperplastic Polyp ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Conventional Adenoma

Background: With increasing usage of endoscopic procedures, gastrointestinal polypoidal lesions are commonly encountered specimens. Histopathological examination is crucial as biological behavior is dependent on its pathological nature. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study performed in Pathology department, Om Hospital and Research Centre from January 2017 to June 2019. The study included lesions received as polyp or polypoidal lesions of gastrointestinal tract for histopathological examination. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0. Gender, number and site were analysed using Chi square test to evaluate its association with neoplastic nature. Correlation with age and size was tested with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Among 150 cases of gastrointestinal tract polypoidal lesions, 58% were seen in male and 42% in female. Hyperplastic polyp and conventional adenoma were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 84 years with a mean age of 50 years. Rectosigmoid region was the commonest site. 134 patients had single and 16 had multiple polypoidal lesions. Most polypoidal lesion had size <1 cm. Gender, age, number and size showed no correlation with neoplastic nature. A significant association was found with site with notably higher number of neoplastic lesions in large intestine. Conclusion: A spectrum of histological types of polypoidal lesions were found in Gastrointestinal tract, most frequently in colorectal region. Hyperplastic polyp and adenomatous polyp were the commonest non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions respectively. A notably higher number of polypoidal lesions in the large intestine were found to be neoplastic in nature.

scholarly journals A histopathological review of nephrectomy specimens with an emphasis on pathological assessment of prognostic indicators in malignant lesions

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-501
Author(s):  
Shubha P. Bhat ◽  
Krishna Prasad H.V. ◽  
Rajeev T.P. ◽  
Kishan Prasad H.L. ◽  
Teerthanath Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Kidney Lesion ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Pathological Assessment

Introduction and Aim: Various non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions occur in the kidney. Pathological assessment of gross and microscopic features in nephrectomy specimens is essential for diagnosis and predicts the prognosis in malignant tumours. Materials and Methods: Case records of 46 nephrectomy specimens received between two-year periods were retrieved. Detailed gross and histopathological and immunohistochemical features were studied, and malignant tumours were analysed using CAP protocol. Results: Out of 46 nephrectomy specimens, 17 were non-neoplastic and 29 neoplastic. Males constituted 32 cases and females 14 cases. The commonest non-neoplastic kidney lesion was chronic pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (29%). The mixed epithelial and stromal tumour was the frequently encountered benign tumour (50%). Renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour in adults (70%) and Wilms tumour in children (4%). Conclusion: Histopathological examination of nephrectomy specimens helps in diagnosing, staging, and planning the management.

scholarly journals Spectrum of histopathological lesions in the fallopian tubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Gon ◽  
A Basu ◽  
B Majumdar ◽  
TK Das ◽  
M Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Secondary Malignancies ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Female Genital

Background: Fallopian tubes are common surgical specimen in the pathology laboratory; still there is a lack of data to describe the frequency of various histological fi ndings. The aim and objectives of this study was to describe the various histopathological fi ndings of fallopian tubes. Materials and Methods: Two thousand fi ve hundred and seventy fi ve cases where fallopian tubes were removed either separately or along with other female genital tract organs were studied retrospectively and their histopathological fi ndings documented. Results: Ectopic pregnancy comprised maximum number of cases closely followed by salpingitis. Primary neoplastic lesions were rare as compared to secondary malignancies. Serial sections of fallopian tube and sections from representative areas are essential for a pathologist so that the diagnosis of these pathological entities is not missed. Conclusion: Though the fallopian tubes remain unremarkable in majority of the surgical pathological specimens, it must be subjected for histopathological examination to demonstrate the pathological lesions. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 356-360 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7858

scholarly journals Histopathological Scenario of Testicular Lesions with Few Uncommon Entities – 3 Years Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 467-470
Author(s):  
Padma Madana ◽  
Vijayasree Mandava ◽  
Neelima Govada ◽  
Padmavathi Devi Chaganti ◽  
Zafrul Haque Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Splenogonadal Fusion ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

BACKGROUND The incidence of testicular malignancy has been increasing in men, orchidectomy is necessary for the removal of neoplastic lesions or in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions resistant to treatment. We wanted to evaluate the various histopathological patterns of lesions in testis. METHODS A retrospective study of 86 orchidectomy specimens over a period of three years with age wise distribution from March 2017 to February 2020 was done in the Department of Pathology, Guntur Medical College, Guntur. Histopathological slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin were retrieved and reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was done in two cases. RESULTS Of the 86 cases, 78 (90.7 %) cases were non neoplastic and 8 (9.3 %) cases were neoplastic. Youngest age in non-neoplastic group was four days and in neoplastic group was 18 years. The oldest age was 82 years in the non-neoplastic lesions and 60 years in the neoplastic lesions. Non neoplastic lesions were common in the 3 rd decade. In malignant lesions, highest number of cases was seen in the 6 th decade and equal distribution was observed in 3rd and 5th decade. Unilateral involvement was common than bilateral involvement. Out of all non-neoplastic lesions, undescended testis 20 (25.64 %) cases was the common finding followed by non-specific epididymo orchitis 19 (24.36 %) cases, abscess 14 (17.95 %) cases, torsion infarction 13 (16.67 %) cases, Leydig cell hyperplasia 4 (5.13 %) cases, 3 (3.85 %) cases each of tuberculous epididymo orchitis and granulomatous epididymo orchitis. 1 (1.28 %) case each of rare entities like vanishing testis and splenogonadal fusion were also found. Among the neoplastic lesions, all 8 cases were malignant tumours. Out of these malignant tumours, mixed germ cell tumours were seen in 3 (37.5 %) cases followed by seminomas 2 (25 %) cases, post pubertal teratoma 1 (12.5 %) case, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) 1 (12.5 %) case and primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) 1 (12.5 %) case. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological examination on routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections primarily differentiate non neoplastic lesions from neoplastic group and benign tumours from malignant tumours as the treatment modality varies. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is useful in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated small round cell tumours. KEYWORDS Orchidectomy Specimens, Neoplastic and Non-Neoplastic Lesions

scholarly journals Clinico-pathological and radiological correlation of sino-nasal masses in a tertiary care center

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Dimple Sahni ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Peeyush Verma ◽  
Rajwant Kaur ◽  
Harpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Inflammatory Lesion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Neoplastic Lesion ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The nasal masses are most commonly encountered condition in outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology. The purpose of this study was to show the clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation of sino nasal masses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 100 cases with sino nasal masses over a period of 2 years. A provisional diagnosis was made after clinical and radiological investigation which was confirmed with histopathological examination and the findings were correlated.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The number of non-neoplastic lesions were more than neoplastic lesions (75% vs 25%). Incidence was highest in the age group of 31-40 year (21%) with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. In our study among non-neoplastic lesion, inflammatory lesion had highest frequency (75%). We found clinical and histopathological correlation in 94.6% cases (p value 0.04). 93.33% cases correlated radiologically and histopathologically (p value 0.04).    </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We concluded that for proper evaluation of sino nasal masses, clinical, radiological, histopathological evaluation should be carried out conjointly. Histopathologic evaluation remains the gold standard.</p>

scholarly journals Different Faces of Sinonasal Mass Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Devika T ◽  
Shubha P Bhat ◽  
Vadisha Srinivas Bhat ◽  
Rajeshwary Aroor ◽  
Satheesh Kumar Bhandary B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Sinonasal Mass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Introduction Mass in the nasal cavity presents with a wide range of symptoms, when a presumptive diagnosis is often made with the help of imaging and endoscopy. This study focussed on correlating clinical diagnosis with the histopathological diagnosis so that appropriate treatment can be offered to improve the quality of life of the patient. Materials and Methods The study included 120 cases who presented with symptoms and signs of mass in the nasal cavity, undergoing surgery or diagnostic biopsy. They were evaluated with a detailed history and clinical examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, and relevant radiological investigations. Histopathological examination of the biopsy of the excised specimen was performed by Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Special stains and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed whenever indicated. The clinical diagnosis was correlated with histopathological diagnosis. Results Nasal obstruction was the most frequent symptom followed by nasal discharge. Non-neoplastic lesions made up 85% of cases, while16% of cases were proved as neoplastic lesions. Among neoplastic lesions, 7% were benign, and 9% were malignant.  The inflammatory polyp was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. Fischer's exact test showed a correlation between clinical diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis. Non-neoplastic lesions were common in the 4th decade of life; benign lesions were common in the 3rd decade of life, while malignant lesions were common in the 5th decade of life. Conclusion Sinonasal masses present with overlapping clinical features, and sometimes the definite diagnosis is possible only by histopathological examination of the specimen. However, in the presence of characteristic clinical features, accurate clinical diagnosis is possible in most cases, and appropriate treatment can be performed without delay, pending histopathological examination.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological study of lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses- A two year study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Ankita Sunil Chaudhari ◽  
Shivaji Dadarao Birare
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions

Sinonasal masses are common in the ENT Outpatient Department. The incidence being 1-4% of population. The symptoms and signs frequently overlap, hence, a diagnostic dilemma exists. The aim of this study was to study the occurrence of various lesions, the age, site and sex wise distribution in a tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra over the period of two years. The study aims to examine the occurrence of various lesions in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, to determine the age, sex and site wise incidence of different benign and malignant lesions of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and to correlate the clinical and histopathological findings. Descriptive Study A descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Pathology at Tertiary Health Care among patients with clinically diagnosed nasal and paranasal sinus lesions attending the OPD of ENT during a period of 2 years. The specimens were grossly examined; fixed and routine microscopic staining was done. Interpretation was done using colour of the nuclei and the specimens were classified as neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. The data was statistical analysed. Mean, Median, Mode The most common clinical presentation was nasal obstruction 97 (93.26%), rhinorrhoea 73 (70.19%) and facial pain 24 (23%). 1: Mean age for the lesions to occur was years with the range 21-30 years (20.92%); 2: Non-neoplastic lesions 82 (79.6%) were more common than neoplastic lesions; 3: Simple nasal polyp 74 (90.23%), hemangiomas (50%) and squamous cell carcinoma (50%) were most common. The study concludes that complete clinical, radiological and histopathological correlation helps us to categorize these sino-nasal lesions into various non-neoplastic and neoplastic types. But final histopathological examination provides a confirmatory diagnosis, as a significant number of cases may be missed on clinical evaluation alone.The clinical features of non-neoplastic and neoplastic nasal and paranasal sinuses lesions may be indistinguishable from each other leading to delay in proper diagnosis and treatment. Histopathological examination is a reliable, cost effective diagnostic tool for accurate diagnosis and management of such lesions, as a significant number of cases may be missed on clinical evaluation alone.

scholarly journals A retrospective study of histopathological exam reports of appendix in appendectomies performed at a teaching hospital in Dehradun

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Syed Altamash ◽  
Amitav Kumar ◽  
Pradeep Singhal ◽  
Anurag Bijalwan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Open Appendectomy ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Radiological Criteria ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Selection For

Background: Appendix is a vestigial organ in human body. Inflammation of appendix is termed as appendicitis. The diagnosis of appendicitis still holds dilemma amongst surgeons leading to negative appendectomies on one hand and appendicular perforation on the other hand of therapeutic spectrum. Judicial patient selection for appendectomy and follow up histopathological examination for incidental findings is the cornerstone in management of appendicitis. The current study aims to assess the demographic and histopathological findings of all the appendectomies occurring within study period at our center.Methods: It was a retrospective study over two years done in a teaching hospital of Dehradun. Hospital records were retrieved from medical records department and looked for histopathological findings, demographic details and intervention. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 23. Qualitative and quantitative data were expressed in proportions and mean respectively. T-test was applied for comparison.Results: About 2/3rd of participants were males. The peak age was 20-30 years. 100 underwent open appendectomy and 45 had lap appendectomy. Commonest histopathological exam finding was acute appendicitis (46.2%) followed by peri appendicitis (40%) and resolving appendicitis (28.9%). One specimen had tubercular appendix. There were no negative appendectomies.Conclusions: Elective appendectomy in patients satisfying clinical, lab and radiological criteria can reduce negative appendectomies. Histopathological examination of appendix still holds a valid role for any incidental findings requiring further management.

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